Effects Of Rumen-protected Methionine Supplementation Research Articles

Supplementation with Rumen-Protected Methionine Reduced the Parasitic Effect of Haemonchus contortus in Goats.

The present study investigated the impact of rumen-protected (RP) methionine supplementation on the resistance and resilience to Haemonchus contortus experimental infection of goat kids. Twenty-seven 6-month-old goat kids (14.55 ± 2.7 kg body weight) were placed in individual pens during an experimental period of forty-two days. Each kid was placed under one of three distinct diets (n = 9 animals/diet) corresponding to the following experimental groups: Control (C, Hay + concentrate), Low Methionine (LM, Hay + concentrate + 3.5 g/Kg of Dry Matter (DM) of RP methionine, or High Methionine (HM, Hay + concentrate + 11.5 g/Kg of DM of RP methionine). After a 4-week period of adaptation to the diets, all the animals were experimentally infected with a single oral dose of 10,000 H. contortus third-stage infective larvae (L3). No significant effect of RP methionine supplementation was observed for feed intake, digestibility and growth performance. The faecal egg counts (FEC) and worm burdens were not impacted by RP methionine supplementation either. In contrast, Packed cell volume (PCV) and haemoglobin concentration were higher in kids supplemented with RP methionine. Similarly, the level of serum IgA directed against adult H. contortus excretion and secretion products (ESP) was higher in supplemented kids. These results suggested that RP methionine supplementation improved goat kids' resilience against H. contortus infection.

Effects of rumen-protected methionine supplementation on production performance, apparent digestibility, blood parameters, and ruminal fermentation of lactating Holstein dairy cows.

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of reducing dietary CP and supplementing rumen protected-methionine (RPM) on production performance, blood parameters, digestibility of nutrients or ruminal fermentation in lactating Holstein dairy cows. A total of 96 lactating cows were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatments: a diet containing 17.3% CP without RPM (control group; CON; n = 49) or a diet containing 16.4% CP and supplemented with 15.0 g/d of RPM (treatment group; RPM; n = 47). No effect was observed in the RPM group on milk yield, milk composition and digestibility of nutrients. The results of blood parameters showed that cows in the RPM group exhibited lower blood urea nitrogen concentration than in CON group. Rumen microbial crude protein (MCP) was higher in the RPM group compared to the CON group. Ruminal volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations were not different between treatments except for butyrate and isovalerate, which were higher in the RPM group than the CON group 2 h after feeding. In conclusion, reducing dietary CP with RPM supplementation did not limit milk yield, milk composition or digestibility of nutrients, but could improve nitrogen utilization, synthesis of MCP and partially increase VFA production 2 h after feeding cows.

Effects of rumen-protected methionine supplementation on the performance of high production dairy cows in the tropics

Increasing methionine availability in dairy cow diets during the first third of lactation may enhance their performance and health. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of supplementing rumen-protected methionine (Smartamine® M, SM) in a lactation diet with protein and energy levels calculated according to the literature. Seventy-six multiparous Holstein cows (39.1 ± 6.8 kg of milk/d and 65 ± 28 DIM) were assigned to 1 of 2 dietary treatments (38/treatment) according to a randomized complete block design with a 2-wk (covariate) and 10-wk experimental period. Treatments were a basal diet (CON; 3.77 Lys:1Met); and CON + 23 g SM (2.97 Lys:1 Met). Individual milk samples were taken every 2 weeks to determine milk composition. Blood was collected from 24 cows on d+30 d to measure plasma AA levels. Body weight and body condition score (BCS) were measured at the beginning and the end of the experiment. The SM diet promoted higher milk yield (41.7 vs. 40.1 kg/d; P = 0.03). Energy-corrected milk yield (41.0 vs. 38.0 kg/d), milk protein yield (1.30 vs. 1.18 kg/d), milk protein (3.14% vs. 2.97%) and casein (2.39% vs. 2.28%) were also different (P < 0.01) as well as milk fat yield (1.42 vs. 1.29 kg/d; P = 0.02). A trend (P = 0.06) for higher milk fat % (3.41% vs. 3.21%) was observed. Both diets resulted in similar body weight, but CON-fed cows tended (P = 0.08) to have higher BCS. Higher plasma methionine levels were determined with SM compared with CON (29.6 vs. 18.4 μM; P < 0.01), but lysine and histidine were not different. Dietary supplementation of RPM improved productive performance by increasing milk yield and milk components yields, suggesting better dietary AA utilization when Met levels are adjusted in Lys-adequate lactation diets.

Effects of rumen-protected methionine supplementation on dairy cows during early postpartum

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of rumen-protected methionine (RPM) supplementation during early lactation on performance and metabolic parameters of dairy cows. Forty-two Holstein cows were blocked by parity (22 primiparous and 20 multiparous) and calving date, then randomly assigned to two groups, Control and RPM. From calving through 29 ± 8 d in milk, cows received an early lactation diet [1.59 Mcal/kg of DM, 10.7% rumen-degradable protein and 6.5% rumen-undegradable protein] with no added methionine (Control, n = 21) or with supplementation of Smartamine M (RPM, Adisseo Inc, n = 21). RPM cows were supplemented with 12 g/day Smartamine M (7.2 g of metabolizable methionine), individually top-dressed over the total mixed ration. Blood and milk samples were collected during the first two weeks of lactation and milk yield recorded until 30 days in milk. No differences in milk yield or blood metabolites were observed. Cows supplemented with RPM increased milk fat and total solids contents and fat-to-protein ratio by 0.48% units, 0.66% units, and 0.09 units, while tended to increase milk total protein content by 0.13% units, respectively. This study showed beneficial effects of early postpartum RPM supplementation on milk composition of dairy cows.

Effect of rumen-protected methionine supplementation to beef cows during the periconception period on performance of cows, calves, and subsequent offspring

Maternal nutrition affects the development of the fetus and postnatal performance of the calf. Methionine may play a critical role in developmental programming and is likely deficient in beef cows fed low-quality forage. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of metabolizable methionine supply to lactating beef cows during the periconception period on performance of cows, calves, and subsequent offspring. This project involved two consecutive production cycles commencing at calving in which dietary treatments were fed to cows during the periconception period along with measurements on cows and initial calves in Production Cycle 1, and measurements on subsequent calves in Production Cycle 2. Brangus-Angus crossbred lactating beef cows (N = 108; age = 6.4 (2.8) year) were stratified by previous calving date and assigned to one of three supplements: (1) control, molasses plus urea at 2.72 kg/day as fed, (2) fishmeal, 2.27 kg/day molasses plus urea plus 0.33 kg/day as fed of fishmeal, and (3) methionine, 2.72 kg/day of molasses plus urea plus 9.5 g/day of 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)-butanoic acid. Cows were fed supplements and low-quality limpograss (Hemarthria altissima) hay while grazing dormant bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flüggé) pastures during the 115-day periconception period from December 2014 to April 2015 in Production Cycle 1 only. Body weight change and milk yield of cows were measured during the periconception period in Production Cycle 1. Body weight of calves was measured at birth and weaning in both production cycles. Following weaning in Production Cycle 2, eight subsequent steer calves per treatment were individually housed for a 42-day metabolism experiment. Treatment did not affect (P > 0.10) BW change of cows, but cows fed methionine tended (P = 0.09) to produce more energy-corrected milk than control and fishmeal. Treatment did not affect (P > 0.10) 205-day adjusted weaning weight of calves in either production cycle. During the metabolism experiment, subsequent calves from dams fed fishmeal and methionine gained faster (P < 0.05) and had greater (P < 0.05) gain:feed than control calves. Methionine calves tended (P = 0.06) to have greater apparent total tract NDF and ADF digestibility and lesser (P < 0.05) blood glucose concentration than control and fishmeal calves. These data indicate that maternal methionine supply during the periconception period plays an important role in programming future performance of the offspring.

Effects of rumen-protected methionine supplementation on growth performance, nitrogen balance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality of lambs fed diets containing buckwheat straw

This study was conducted to determine the effects of rumen-protected methionine (RPM) supplementation on growth performance, nitrogen (N) balance, carcass traits, and meat quality of lambs fed diets containing buckwheat straw. Twenty male Tan lambs from Ningxia were housed in individual pens and were randomly assigned to five dietary treatments that were supplemented with RPM at levels of 0 (control), 1.5 (T1), 3.0 (T2), 4.5 (T3), and 6.0 g d−1 (T4). Dry matter intake was higher in T4 than control (P &lt; 0.05). The feed:gain ratio generally reduced with increasing dietary RPM, but the lowest ratio was found in T3 (P &lt; 0.05). Dry matter digestibility and N retention were highest in T3 (P &lt; 0.05) while N excretion was the lowest. Carcass fat weight and grid reference tissue depth increased while drip loss decreased by supplemental RPM, and significant differences were found between T4 and control (P &lt; 0.05). However, pH, color, cooking loss, and shear force were not affected. The results from this study demonstrated that dietary RPM supplementation may be able to improve the feed efficiency, N utilization, and meat quality of lambs; however, the optimal dose of RPM needs to be explored further.

PSXIV-4 Fetal programming effect of rumen-protected methionine on Angus-Simental heifer offspring’s performance and adipogenesis, oxidative stress and DNA methylation gene expression regulation

Abstract An extensive body of literature reported positive effects of Rumen-Protected Methionine (RPM) on dairy cattle; however, its effects are unknown on beef cattle. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of RPM supplementation on Angus-Simmental heifer’s offspring during late gestation, lactation, and after weaning (~65d). Ninety days prior to calving, 22 Angus-Simmental heifers were stratified by body weight (454 ± 85 kg; BW) and randomly assigned to dietary treatments: 1) Control diet (CTRL), and 2) Control diet + RPM (RPM). Dams had access to Bermuda hay ad libitum, and a soy hull:corn gluten based supplement. After weaning, calves were allocated by dietary treatments based on their dam’s treatment. Calves received Bermuda hay ad libitum and early-wean feed supplement after weaning. Offspring’s BW and Longissimus dorsi (LM) muscle samples were obtained on days 0, 25, 50, 100 after weaning. Messenger RNA was extracted from LM for RT-qPCR analysis. There was a tendency for RPM calves to be heavier at birth compared to control calves (P = 0.07). Although, no differences in BW were detected at weaning and after weaning (P = 0.20). Calves average daily gain between birth and weaning was greater for RPM calves as compared to CON (P = 0.02) suggesting a greater milk production, with no differences after weaning (P = 0.53). RT-qPCR results showed a treatment × time interaction for PPARG, LPL, CEBPG, DNMT1, SOD2 and NOS3 (P &amp;lt; 0.05). Furthermore, PPARG had a treatment and a time effect, which was upregulated in RPM calves (P &amp;lt; 0.01) from 50 to 100 days after weaning. In conclusion, dam’s RPM supplementation during late gestation increased offspring’s BW when inside the womb and probably their milk production. Offspring’s RPM supplementation after weaning potentially stimulates an early differentiation of adipocytes in LM samples, detected by PPARG upregulation.

Effect of rumen-protected methionine supplementation to diets of Holstein dairy cows on their lactation performance

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of rumen-protected methionine supplementation to diets of high producing Holstein dairy cows on milk yield and milk chemical composition. Ninety-nine pregnant Holstein dairy cows were randomly assigned to three nutritional groups to receive a total mixed ration and supplemented with rumen protected methionine (RPM) as; Smartamin (T1) or Met55 (T2) or non-supplemented (the control), at 260 days late gestation. Although, the two treated groups, (T1 and T2) were daily supplemented with RPM for 30 days pre- and another 30 days post-partum; different experimental groups including the control one were daily provided with 60 g/h choline chloride (Reashour) and 300 cm3 propylene glycol/ h, as an additional supply, during the same treating periods. Different experimental groups were fed a basal ration (16.2 CP % and 70 TDN %) during pregnancy and (16.4 CP % and 74 TDN %) during lactation. Results obtained showed that, supplementing different experimental groups with either Smartamin or Met55 did not improve (p<0.05) cows actual milk yield, 3.5%, fat corrected milk (FCM), energy corrected milk (ECM), milk fat yield nor protein yield kg.h.d-1. Supplementing Holstein dairy cows with (RPM) did not lead to any significant improvement (p<0.05), neither in animals feed conversion ratio, nor milk chemical composition traits. Animals body condition score (BCS) differed (p<0.05) among different experimental groups due to their yielding productivity in the former breeding season. However, lower milking group tended to have an improved BCS (3.79), but without significant difference with highly producing ones. In conclusion, Smartamin as (RPM) supplement was favored than that of Met55, if there were a necessity to be provided to lactating cows under the local environment.

Post-ruminal effects of rumen-protected methionine supplementation with low protein diet using long-term simulation and in vitro digestibility technique

Microbial degradation in the rumen and dietary availability of methionine amino acid have been reported as limiting in dairy ruminants. The aim of the present study was to examine the post-ruminal effects of feeding ruminants different concentrations of rumen-protected methionine (RPM) in low crude protein diets using the long-term rumen simulation method (Rusitec) followed by in vitro abomasum and ileum digestibility technique. The experiment contained four treatment groups: (1) high protein, without RPM supplementation (HP); (2) low protein, without RPM supplementation (LP); (3) low protein supplementation with low RPM (LPLM); and (4) low protein supplementation with high RPM (LPHM) mixed per 20 ± 0.04 g basal diet in every fermenter. The results showed that the LPLM and LPHM groups had significantly higher disappearance of crude protein and neutral detergent fiber in the abomasum and ileum than the HP treatment (P < 0.05) and were the same as the LP group (P > 0.05). The proportions of short-chain fatty acids and total volatile fatty acids in the abomasum and ileum were the same between the LPHM and HP groups (P > 0.05); however, the LPLM group was found to be significantly (P < 0.05) lower than the HP group and similar to the LP group (P > 0.05). Rusitec pH before or after changing feed bags and daily ammonia nitrogen production in the abomasum and ileum were non significantly (P > 0.05) different among all groups. In conclusion, RPM supplementation with low crude protein diets promoted post-ruminal digestibility and production of volatile fatty acids.

Effect of Selenium Depletion on Oxidative Stress in Mature Horses

s / Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 31 (2011) 230-356 257 [5] Bryden WL. Amino acid requirements of horses estimated from tissue composition. Proc Nutr Soc 1991;16:53. [6] Wilson JA, Graham-Thiers PM. Muscle and plasma amino acids in pregnant/lactating mares and their weanling foals. J Equine Vet Sci 2009;29:370. [7] Nutrient Requirements of Horses. 6th ed. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press; 2007. [8] Waggoner JW, LOxest CA, Mathis CP, Hallford DM, Petersen MK. Effects of rumen-protected methionine supplementation and bacterial lipopolysaccharide infusion on nitrogen metabolism and hormonal responses of growing beef steers. J Anim Sci 2009;87:681. Effect of Selenium Depletion on Oxidative Stress in Mature Horses M. Brummer, S. Hayes, J.E. Earing, S.M. McCown, and L.M. Lawrence University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA Introduction: Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) plays an important role in the neutralization of hydroperoxides andhydrogenperoxide. Hydrogen peroxide can generate hydroxyl radicals which are regarded as a very harmful reactive oxygen species [1]. Selenium (Se) deficiency can result in decreased GPx activity; therefore our aim was to investigate the effect of low Se status on oxidative stress in mature idle horses. We hypothesized that Se depletion would result in a decrease in GPx activity, serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and an increase in oxidative stress, measured as serum malondialdehyde concentration (MDA). Type I deiodinase, is a selenoenzyme responsible for the conversion of inactive T4 to active T3. Therefore as additional indicators of Se status we measured triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), and the T3:T4 ratio as changes in these hormones or in their ratio has been evaluated in horses fed varying levels of Se before [2]. Materials and Methods: Twenty eight mature horses (6 24 yr) were used in this study. The 28 horses included 8 geldings and 20 mares that had resided on the farm for at least 60 days prior to the study. The study period was 28 wks. Horses were kept on pasture ( .05). MDA concentrationwas not different between AS and LS at the initial or final time point, howeverMDAdid increaseover time (P< .05) in LS (from3.40 .86 nmol/mL to 4.04 .89 nmol/mL) while it remained similar in AS (4.68 1.78 nmol/mL to 5.09 1.09 nmol/mL). Two traditional indicators of Se status were measured: whole blood Se concentration and GPx activity. In addition the serum T3/ T4 ratio was determined. Type I deiodinase, the enzyme responsible for converting T4 to T3, has a greater ranking in terms of priority of Se supply than cytosolic GPx [2]. A change in this ratio is generally not observed during a marginal Se deficiency [2], so the increased ratio of T3/T4 in the LS horses along with the changes in whole blood Se and GPx suggests that the LS horses were at, or approaching, deficient Se status. TAC was expected to decrease in LS horses, but it was unaffected. The lack of change in TAC may point towards a compensatory mechanism within the antioxidant system, or lack of sensitivity of the assay as a measure of the GPx-associated antioxidant capacity in serum. GPx is only one of several compounds that contribute to total antioxidant capacity. MDA is a byproduct of lipid peroxidation [4]. We hypothesized that MDA concentrations would increase with decreasing Se status. Although MDA concentrations increased over time in the LS horses, the magnitude of the changes were relatively small. Much larger changes in MDA have been reported in response to exercise or disease in other studies [4] and some type of oxidative challenge might be necessary to produce more marked differences in MDA in the horses studied here. Conclusion: In this study feeding a low Se diet for 28 wks altered indicators of Se status, but appears to have hadminimal effects on the indicator of oxidative damage. However, more marked effects might have been observed if the horses had been challenged with an oxidative stressor such as exercise or disease. Further research in this area may provide better insight into the importance of Se in oxidative stress.

Effects of rumen-protected methionine supplementation and bacterial lipopolysaccharide infusion on nitrogen metabolism and hormonal responses of growing beef steers1

Metabolic demand for sulfur-containing AA increases during inflammation in nonruminants. Therefore, Met supplementation may alleviate the negative effects of infection on N balance. Effects of gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and supplemental dietary Met on N balance, serum hormones and haptoglobin, and plasma urea-N and AA were evaluated in 20 Angus-cross steers (BW = 262 +/- 6.3 kg). Treatments (2 x 2 factorial) were infusion of no LPS (-LPS) or a prolonged low dose of LPS (+LPS) and dietary supplementation of no (-MET) or 14 g/d (+MET) of rumen-protected Met (providing 7.9 g/d of dl-Met). Steers were adapted to a roughage-based diet (DMI = 1.4% of BW daily) and supplemental Met for 14 d, and were then infused (1 mL/min via intravenous catheter) with LPS on d 1 (2 microg/kg of BW) and 3 (1 microg/kg of BW) of a 5-d collection period. Blood was collected on d 1, before LPS infusion, and at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 24 h after LPS challenge. Diet samples, feed refusals, feces, and urine were collected daily for 5 d. Rectal temperature and serum concentrations of cortisol, prolactin, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and haptoglobin increased, whereas thyroxine and triiodothyronine decreased for +LPS vs. -LPS steers (LPS x h; P < 0.01). Plasma urea-N was greater for +LPS than -LPS steers (LPS; P = 0.03), and serum IGF-1 was not affected (P > or = 0.26) by LPS or Met. Plasma concentrations of Thr, Lys, Leu, Ile, Phe, Trp, Asn, Glu, and Orn decreased, plasma Ala increased, and Gly and Ser initially increased, then declined in +LPS vs. -LPS steers (LPS x h; P < or = 0.04). Plasma Met was greater for +MET than -MET steers before LPS infusion, but declined in +MET steers after LPS infusion (LPS x Met x h; P < 0.01). By design, DMI was not different, but DM digested was less (P = 0.04) for +LPS than -LPS steers. Infusion of LPS did not affect (P > or = 0.24) N intake, fecal N excretion, or N digested, but resulted in greater (P < 0.01) urinary N excretion and less (P < 0.01) N retention. The absence of an LPS x Met interaction (P = 0.26) for N retention indicates that supplemental Met does not improve the N utilization of growing beef steers exposed to a gram-negative bacterial endotoxin. Decreases in plasma concentrations of several essential AA in +LPS steers suggest that metabolic demand for these AA likely increased in steers exposed to endotoxin.