Effects Of Public Education Research Articles

SCIENTIFIC PEDAGOGY: METHODS, PRINCIPLES

The article considers the similarities between the methods and principles of Kyrgyz folk pedagogy and scientific pedagogy. The author explains these categories from a scientific and popular point of view. A number of similarities and differences were described and compared in the article. Public education does not exclude the basic principles of modern traditional pedagogy. On the contrary, scientific pedagogy does exclude the principles of folk pedagogy. In other words, scientific pedagogy is enriched by the procedures of national pedagogy. Folk methods explain scenes from fairy tales and their plots. The effectiveness of public education is determined by its advantages in educating the younger generation.

Prehospital stroke management in the thrombectomy era.

Acute stroke management has been revolutionised by evidence of the effectiveness of thrombectomy. Because time is brain in stroke care, the speed with which a patient with large vessel occlusion is transferred to a thrombectomy-capable centre determines outcome. Therefore, each link in the stroke rescue chain, starting with symptom onset and ending with recanalisation, should be streamlined. However, in contrast to inhospital delays, prehospital delays are unchanged despite substantial efforts in quality improvement. Furthermore, thrombectomy is offered by only a few, usually distant, specialised centres and not by the many other, usually nearer, hospitals. To take maximum advantage of the first so-called golden hours after stroke, and because of the difficulty of on-scene triage decision making with respect to the target hospital offering the required level of care, the focus of stroke research has shifted to the prehospital setting. Current research focuses on the effects of public education, implementation of protocols for emergency medical services for streamlining clinical investigations and accurate triage, use of preclinical scales for stroke recognition, and deployment of novel technical solutions such as smartphone applications, telemedicine, and mobile stroke units.

Effects of public education of hospice and palliative care on meaning in life, depression, and death anxiety according to age groups in the Republic of Korea

Effects of public education of hospice and palliative care on meaning in life, depression, and death anxiety according to age groups in the Republic of Korea

The Distributional Effects of Social Spending in Thailand: Evidence From a New Database

Social spending in Thailand is often regarded as an important tool for building human capital and for fighting poverty. The Thai government has made a strong commitment to expanding the access of Thai population to education, healthcare, and other welfare services, but the question is how well the benefits of these social services are actually distributed. The objective of this article is to explore the distributional effects of public education, health, and welfare spending in Thailand by using a benefit incidence analysis with a new database covering the year 2011, as many new social programs were implemented and expanded after the financial crisis in 1997 and after 2006 and 2009. The benefit incidence analysis in 2011 should make it possible to analyze the extent to which the rich and the poor are benefiting from the current allocation of social spending. Additionally, the paper explores the policy implications of the findings.

Correction

HomeStrokeVol. 43, No. 1Correction Free AccessCorrectionPDF/EPUBAboutView PDFView EPUBSections ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload citationsTrack citationsPermissions ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InMendeleyReddit Jump toFree AccessCorrectionPDF/EPUBCorrection Originally published1 Jan 2012https://doi.org/10.1161/STR.0b013e3182422ab5Stroke. 2012;43:e17The article entitled, “Effects of Public Education by Television on Knowledge of Early Stroke Symptoms Among a Japanese Population Aged 40 to 74 Years: A Controlled Study” by Miyamatsu et al, which published ahead of print on November 3, 2011 (DOI: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.111.634196) included the below error. This error has been corrected in the online version of this article and will be corrected in the print version.In the Acknowledgments section, Ms Yamada's first name should appear as: Sakiko. Previous Back to top Next FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails January 2012Vol 43, Issue 1 Advertisement Article InformationMetrics © 2012 American Heart Association, Inc.https://doi.org/10.1161/STR.0b013e3182422ab5 Originally publishedJanuary 1, 2012 PDF download Advertisement

Effects of Public Education by Television on Knowledge of Early Stroke Symptoms Among a Japanese Population Aged 40 to 74 Years

An educational campaign by mass media has been associated with great increases in the knowledge about early symptoms of stroke. However, few studies were conducted with a controlled community intervention study. To clarify the effects of a 1-year television campaign for the whole population on improvement of knowledge about stroke symptoms in 2 cities, a campaign area and a control area in Japan were selected. Before and after the campaign, 1960 randomly selected residents aged 40 to 74 years answered a telephone survey regarding knowledge of early stroke symptoms. We calculated the percentage and 95% CIs of participants who correctly chose all 5 early symptoms of stroke in each area and in each year. Before the campaign, 53% of participants (95% CI, 50%-55%) in the campaign area and 46% (95% CI, 44%-49%) in the control area correctly chose 5 early symptoms. After the 1-year television campaign, knowledge was significantly improved only in the campaign area (campaign area, 63%; 95% CI, 60%-66%; control area, 51%; 95% CI, 48%-54%). After sex stratification, only women showed improved knowledge of early symptoms. The audience rate for the campaign television programs was found to be higher in women than in men. A 1-year stroke educational television campaign effectively improved knowledge about early stroke symptoms among Japanese women aged 40 to 74 years. No impact was found among men in this age group. Future studies should examine the impact of this approach on stroke knowledge among younger individuals and whether there are any behavioral changes that contribute to earlier presentation for treatment.

The Determinants and Distributional Effects of Public Education, Health, and Welfare Spending in Thailand

Social spending in Thailand is allocated in response to several demand and supply factors. Globalization and inequality tend to compel the governments, both elected and nonelected, to increase generous education, health, and welfare programs for social sectors that fall behind. An increase in revenue from direct taxes and the previous year's spending level has also had a positive effect on the current rate of public spending on education, health, and welfare in Thailand. Overall public spending on education, health, and welfare is not very well targeted, despite the increase in the shares of education, health, and welfare spending and the recent introduction of new social programs in Thailand. These increases had the stated objective of increasing access of the poor to education, health, and welfare services, including an expansion of basic education from nine to twelve years, a student loan program, a universal health-insurance scheme, and the expansion of other welfare services. Public spending on basic education is primarily propoor, but the disparities in access to education continue to exist at all levels of education. Although the resulting benefit incidence of public spending on health services in 2007 was less prorich compared with the past, the majority of public health spending still favors higher income classes. The social security scheme coverage is also limited to a small section of the Thai labor force. These findings pose a challenge to policymakers, and the author therefore explores their policy implications.

Public Education and Wage Inequality

In this paper, we analyze the relationship between public education and wage inequality. In public education systems, all students receive the same amount of education, so it is generally thought that the system equalizes wages among workers. Then, does the expansion of public education reduce wage inequality? In a two sector model where agents choose their occupation based on comparative skill advantages, we show that the expansion of public education increases wage inequality. The economy has two types of commodities, goods for consumption and educational services that have different values of skill elasticity in production. In addition, there are high and low skilled workers. As the skill elasticity of educational services is higher than goods for consumption, skilled workers choose to work at producing educational services and unskilled workers choose to work at producing goods for consumption. When the government increases the supply of education, the relative price of education varies and the demand for skilled workers increases so wage inequality increases.We also analyze the effect of public education and tax rate on the growth rate and derive the optimal tax rate to maximize this growth rate.JEL Classification: I28, O15, O41

CAN EDUCATION POLICY ADDRESS THE WAGE GAP? A NOTE ON PUBLIC SKILL FORMATION IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

The potential distributional effects of public education as a producer of endowments are discussed, taking into consideration the presence of systemic inefficiency in the sector, which is typical in developing economies. The analysis has implications for policymakers, as it suggests the following: a) not addressing the inefficiency in educational systems has a cost in terms of wage inequality, and b) the effects of trade may be mediated or even reversed by the orientation of the education policy. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Effects of public education and social security on fertility

Introducing a fertility decision and child care cost into an overlapping generations model with public education and social security, we examine the effects of these public policies on fertility. We show that an increase in income tax, which finances social security benefits and public investment in education, increases fertility. On the other hand, with a constant tax rate, a change in the allocation from social security benefits to public investment in education decreases fertility and, with a constant social security tax, the effect of education tax on fertility is neutral.

PUBLIC EDUCATION ABOUT NORMAL FORGETFULNESS AND DEMENTIA: EFFECTIVENESS OF A SYSTEMATICALLY DEVELOPED INFORMATION BROCHURE

Earlier research revealed that many elderly people in The Netherlands are worried about their forgetfulness and are afraid of incipient dementia. Until now, no systematic research has been conducted on the effects of public education about normal forgetfulness and dementia, and therefore an information brochure was developed and evaluated. The main function of this brochure was to reassure people who were unnecessarily worrying about possible dementia. A second function was to motivate people to seek professional help when this seemed advisable. Sixty‐two percent of all respondents (307 of 400) who had been worried about dementia before reading the brochure said that their anxiety decreased or disappeared after reading it; approximately 3% became more worried after reading the brochure. A cognitive test battery was administered to 104 people to determine whether their increased or decreased anxiety was justified. Thirty subjects had low test scores, yet 16 of these subjects had been reassured by the broch...

Intergenerational transfers within the family

In this paper, we present a stylized model of private transfers within the family under alternative assumptions as to the nature of relations between parents and children. We then analyze the effectiveness of public education and social security to achieve efficiency when needed.

Awareness of AIDS in India: effect of public education through the mass media.

A survey conducted in Vellore India in 1989 assessed AIDS awareness among patients. Medical workers interviewed 231 outpatients 134 clinic patients with sexually transmitted diseases and 71 prostitutes. Among the outpatients 42% of the men were not aware of AIDS due to illiteracy (p0.05) lower socioeconomic class (p0.05) and rural residence (p0.05). 71% of the women were not aware of AIDS due to illiteracy (p0.001) and lower socioeconomic class (p0.001). Among the clinic patients 74% of the men and 89% of the women were not aware of AIDS due mainly to illiteracy and lower socioeconomic status (p0.001). Only 4% of the prostitutes were aware of AIDS; 94% were illiterate. The study shows that health education has been inadequate and does not reach those who are at the highest risk of contracting the disease. The researchers urge the development of new public health education programs.

Delay between onset of chest pain and seeking medical care: the effect of public education.

Thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is now routinely given in the emergency department and is being considered for pre-hospital care. Its effectiveness is dependent on how early it can be given after the onset of AMI. Maximal benefit, however, is not realized in many patients due to delay in seeking care. The effect of a public media education campaign (message) to shorten patient delay and increase use of emergency medical services (EMS) was evaluated prospectively in King County, Washington. We interviewed 401 patients admitted with possible AMI in the premessage period (4.5 months) and 489 in the postmessage period (4.5 months). The two groups were comparable in all factors except for discharge diagnosis of AMI (premessage, 34%; postmessage, 25%; P less than .01) and history of myocardial infarction or angina (premessage, 52%; postmessage, 43%; P less than .01). The proportion of patients who heard new information on AMI increased significantly in the postmessage period (premessage, 53%; postmessage, 74%; P less than .0001). The campaign, however, did not significantly shorten patient delay in seeking care (median delay: premessage, 2.6 hours; postmessage, 2.3 hours) or alter the distribution of patients in the less-than-two-hour, two-to-four-hour, and more-than-four-hour intervals. The rate of EMS use also was not significantly changed (premessage, 42%; postmessage, 44%). We conclude that a short-duration education campaign may increase AMI knowledge but does not seem to significantly alter patient behavior.

Effects of public education about breast cancer and breast self-examination

In a field experiment severity of and susceptibility to breast cancer were varied in four different persuasive messages about breast cancer and breast self-examination (BSE). The purpose of this study was to find out whether such health messages in a real-life setting had an effect on knowledge about symptoms, attitudes and behavior relating to BSE. The second goal of this study was to investigate whether fear, aroused by these persuasive communications, had a significant role in influencing the recommended behavior (BSE). In spite of a successful manipulation of seriousness and susceptibility no differences for the dependent variables could be established between the experimental groups after one month. However, differences were found by comparing the experimental groups with the no health message group. After reading the pamphlet (no matter which of the four) women showed greater intention to perform BSE regularly. This could be attributed to a higher estimation of the chance of recovery through early detection of lumps (efficacy) after reading the pamphlet. The health messages also appeared to have a positive influence on compliance with recommended behavior: women examined their breasts more in the prescribed way. An inhibiting effect of fear on behavior (which is sometimes theoretically suggested) was not found. The effects of the pamphlet that were established are formed in a more informational, cognitive way.

The effects of public education on subjective probability of arrest for impaired driving: A field study

A public education campaign designed to increase impaired drivers' subjective probability of arrest was implemented and evaluated. The campaign stressed implications of recent changes in the Canadian Criminal Code. A quasi-experimental design was used for evaluation such that in the two test cities the law changed and the campaign was presented. In one control city the law changed and the campaign was delayed. In the other control city neither the law was changed nor the campaign shown. Significant increases in knowledge of the changes in legislation occurred in the test cities but not in controls. Subjective probability of arrest for impaired driving (SPAID) also increased in the test cities but not in controls. Increases in SPAID were maintained over a three month period despite declines in knowledge about the legislation, suggesting that variables other than public education may have affected SPAID over time. It is concluded that the immediate increases in knowledge and SPAID were due to the influence of the campaign and that the long term increase in SPAID could not be unequivocally attributed to the effects of public education.

ACHIEVING URBAN WATER CONSERVATION1

ABSTRACT: Increasing costs and competition for water have resulted in pressure to manage urban water demand through conservation programs. Metering, pricing, devices, restrictions, building code changes, and horticultural practices have all been effective in reducing average residential water use. Some conservation means are specifically aimed at reducing peak demands but these usually reduce average usage as well. Combined programs of conservation can be expected to reduce urban demand by as much as 25–30 percent over the long term. Restrictions can reduce water usage on the short term even further. The success of conservation programs is as dependent on the effectiveness of public education and information dissemination as on the conservation practices themselves.

Economic Problems of Higher Education in the USSR [Part II

The effectiveness of public education and, in particular, of the training of personnel in higher educational institutions is one of the elements of national economic effectiveness as a whole. Here we encounter a group of problems that are the subject of a special branch of economic science, the economics of public education. Obviously, there are many reasons to consider this branch of economic science as being in a stage of formation, despite the fact that a number of extremely valuable studies in this sphere or in areas closely related to it — above all, the studies of Academician S. G. Strumilin (1) —have appeared in Soviet economic literature. However, it is only most recently that the economics of public education has received broad recognition as an independent, specific kind of economics, with its own special subject, its own specific research methods, and its own place in the entire complex of economic sciences.