Effects Of Probiotic Supplementation Research Articles

Protective Effects of Probiotics on Runners' Mood: Immunometabolic Mechanisms Post-Exercise.

The gut-brain axis may mediate mood changes due to strenuous exercise. Therefore, probiotic supplementation may mitigate mood worsening. The present study aims to evaluate the effect of probiotic supplementation on mood and immunometabolic parameters after a marathon. Fourteen marathon runners were selected and divided into placebo and probiotic groups that were supplemented for 30 days. Before and after the marathon, mood (POMS) was assessed, and blood was collected for analysis of immunometabolic parameters. Statistical analysis was performed, and p < 0.05 was considered to determine statistically differences. Tension decreased after the marathon in both groups. Vigor decreased only in the placebo group. Fatigue increased after the marathon in both groups. TMD increased after the marathon in placebo. The IL2/IL-4 ratio decreased in the probiotic group after the marathon compared to before and increased compared to the placebo group. The IL-10 increased after the marathon in placebo. TNF-α increased after the marathon in probiotics. The TNF-α/IL-10 ratio decreased after the marathon in both groups. LPS decreased in the probiotic group after the marathon compared to before and in the placebo group. Thirty days of probiotic supplementation attenuated the impact of marathons on mood worsening. The decrease in LPS in the probiotic group mediated the change in the pro/anti-inflammatory balance, indicating an immunometabolic mechanism by which the gut-brain axis impacts mood after strenuous exercise.

Effect of Probiotics Supplementation on Cortisol Levels: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have shown conflicting results on cortisol levels following probiotic administration in healthy and diseased populations. Previous analyses were inconclusive due to limited studies, and evidence is lacking on how these effects vary by health status; region; therapy duration; medications, and use of single or multiple strains. Methods: In this systematic review and meta-analysis (PROSPERO [CRD42024538539]), we searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, ProQuest, and Web of Science Preprints until 13 August 2024, for RCTs on probiotic administration, either alone or combined, across all age groups and without specific medical condition requirements. We applied random-effects meta-analysis, assessed bias using the Cochrane RoB 2 tool, and evaluated evidence certainty with GRADE. Findings: We screened 1739 records and retrieved 46 RCTs (3516 participants). Probiotics supplementation decreased cortisol levels compared to the control arm [46 RCTs; SMD: -0.45; 95% CI: -0.83; -0.07; I2: 92.5%, low certainty]. Among various subgroups; probiotics supplementation decreased the cortisol levels in the subgroups without concomitant medications [37 RCTs; SMD: -0.30; 95% CI [-0.58; -0.03], I2: 88.7%] with a single probiotic strain [30 RCTs; SMD: -0.33; 95% CI: -0.63; -0.028; I2: 88.8%], in a healthy population [35 RCTs; SMD:-0.3; 95% CI: -0.58; -0.03; I2: 88.7] and in the Asia region [21 RCTs; SMD: -0.83; 95% CI: -1.58; -0.07; I2: 95%]. Interpretation: A low level of evidence suggests probiotics might reduce cortisol levels, but more targeted studies are needed to identify variables affecting the response in specific subgroups.

Effect of Probiotic Supplementation in Diet on Egg Production, Egg Quality, Intestinal Morphology and Bacterial Population in Caecum of Laying Hens

The objective of this study was to study the effect of probiotic supplementation in diet on egg production, egg quality, intestinal morphology, and bacterial population in caecum of laying hens. A total of 768 Lohmann Brown-Classic laying hens, aged 42 - 54 weeks, were used. The laying hens were divided into 3 groups, each with 8 subgroups of 32 birds each. The experiment was planned to use a completely randomized design method. The 3 experimental groups were classified based on their dietary treatment as follows: 1) Basal diet (without probiotic supplementation), 2) Basal diet with probiotic 0.01 and 0.02 % in 3, respectively. Data was collected for 12 weeks. Adding probiotic in the diet was no significant difference on egg production, egg quality, and bacterial population in caecum. However, probiotic supplementation in the diet increased villi height of the duodenum significantly improved (p &lt; 0.02), villi height per depth crypt of the duodenum significantly improved (p &lt; 0.05), villi height per depth crypt of the jejunum significantly improved (p &lt; 0.01), and villi height per depth crypt of the ileum significantly improved (p &lt; 0.02). Therefore, studies have shown that dietary probiotic supplementation can improved small intestinal morphology are the most important indexes for measuring the digestive and absorption function of the small intestine are more efficient. HIGHLIGHTS Probiotic (Bacillus subtilis) is a gram-positive, non-pathogenic bacterium that can inhibit digestive enzymes such as protease, amylase, and lipase. These enzymes help increase the efficiency of digestion and absorption of nutrients. As a result of the working mechanism of Bacillus subtilis, it helps strengthen the intestinal wall, eliminates pathogenic microorganisms, reduces damaged intestinal mucosal cells, and improves intestinal absorption, resulting in increased production. Effect of probiotic (Bacillus subtilis) supplementation in laying hen diets on total bacterial load in appendix. No difference was found in the load of total bacteria and Escherichia coli (P &gt; 0.05). Its beneficial properties stimulate the growth of beneficial bacteria in the intestines, such as Bifidobacteria sp. and Lactobacillus sp., causing the production of lactic acid, which makes the colon more acidic, resulting in inhibition of the growth of pathogenic microorganisms. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

Oral responsive delivery systems for probiotics targeting the intestinal tract.

The increasing prevalence of health issues, driven by sedentary lifestyles and unhealthy diets in modern society, has led to a growing demand for natural dietary supplements to support overall health and well-being. Probiotic dietary supplements have garnered widespread recognition for their potential health benefits. However, their efficacy is often hindered by the hostile conditions of the gastrointestinal tract. To surmount this challenge, biomaterial-based microencapsulation techniques have been extensively employed to shield probiotics from the harsh environments of stomach acid and bile salts, facilitating their precise delivery to the colon for optimal nutritional effects. With consideration of the distinctive gastrointestinal tract milieu, probiotic delivery systems have been categorized into pH-responsive release, enzyme-responsive release, redox-responsive release and pressure-triggered release systems. These responsive delivery systems have not only demonstrated improved probiotic survival rates in the stomach, but also successful release in the intestines, facilitating enhanced adhesion and colonization of probiotics within the gut. Consequently, these responsive delivery systems contribute to the effectiveness of probiotic supplementation in intervening with gastrointestinal diseases. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the diverse oral responsive delivery systems tailored for probiotics targeting the intestinal tract. Furthermore, the review critically examines the limitations and future prospects of these approaches. This review offers valuable guidance for the effective delivery of probiotics to the intestinal tract, enhancing the potential of probiotics as dietary supplements to promote gastrointestinal health and well-being. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.

Effect of probiotic supplementation combined with bismuth-containing quadruple therapy on gut microbiota during Helicobacter pylori eradication: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication has been reported to affect gut microbiota distribution. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of probiotic supplementation on the gastrointestinal microbiota during eradication and the efficacy of bismuth-containing quadruple therapy. One hundred treatment-naïve H. pylori-positive patients were randomly assigned 1:1 to receive 14-day bismuth-containing quadruple therapy (esomeprazole, bismuth, amoxicillin, and clarithromycin) combined with the probiotic (Bifidobacterium animalism subsp. lactis BLa80) or placebo. The Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS) was completed before and after treatment. Stool samples were collected for 16S rRNA gene sequencing at weeks 0, 2, and 10. No significant difference in the eradication rate was observed between the two groups. The incidence of adverse events, especially nausea (p = 0.029), was lower in the probiotic group. After treatment, the GSRS score decreased significantly in the probiotic group (p = 0.039). The gut microbiota underwent considerable changes immediately following eradication treatment, predominantly characterized by an increase in Proteobacteria at the expense of commensal Firmicutes and Bacteroidota, but gradually returned to baseline after eight weeks. By week 10, beneficial genera such as Lachnoclostridium, Parasutterella, Hungatella, and Akkermansia were notably enriched in the probiotic group. Additionally, the correlation networks in the probiotic group were closer to their initial levels at week 10 compared to the placebo group. Disturbances in the gut microbiota following H. pylori treatment appeared to be temporary, and probiotic supplementation could mitigate antibiotic-induced alterations in the gut microbiota. This study also provided evidence supporting the effectiveness of probiotics in alleviating gastrointestinal symptoms.

Evaluating the Effectiveness of Probiotic Supplementation in Combination With Doxycycline for the Treatment of Moderate Acne: A Randomized Double-Blind Controlled Clinical Trial.

Acne is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that negatively affects patients' quality of life. Increasing antibiotic resistance is making acne less responsive to treatment. Probiotics are live microorganisms that can provide health benefits by fighting pathogens and maintaining intestinal homeostasis and skin microbiome balance. This study investigates the effects of probiotics in the treatment of acne vulgaris. In this randomized controlled clinical trial, 80 patients with moderate acne were divided into two groups of 40. All patients received the same topical treatment, which consisted of a daily antibacterial face wash and Adapalene gel every other night. The control group received one capsule of doxycycline (100 mg) daily, whereas the intervention group received one probiotic capsule daily in addition to doxycycline. Patients underwent photography of facial acne lesions, and treatment response was assessed using the global acne grading system (GAGS) and acne grading method at baseline, as well as during follow-up visits at 1, 2, and 3 months. The global acne grading system indicated that both groups showed improvement. However, analyses revealed that outcomes were significantly better in the doxycycline plus probiotics group for the forehead (p = 0.018), chin (p = 0.021), and nose (p = 0.021). No significant differences were observed for the left and right cheeks, back, and chest areas, with the mean GAGS score reduction between the two groups differing by only 2%. Treatment with probiotics significantly reduced the severity of lesions compared to the control group (p < 0.001). The acne grading method also indicated that the intervention group had a significantly better treatment response than the control group (p < 0.001). Furthermore, treatment with probiotics did not result in any side effects. Probiotics can serve as an effective and safe treatment option, enhancing the outcomes of routine acne treatments, particularly for patients with acne on the forehead, chin, and nose.

The effect of probiotic supplementation on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) fibrosis score in patients attending a tertiary hospital clinic in Cairo, Egypt.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by hepatic fat accumulation (> 5% of liver tissue) in the absence of alcohol abuse or other chronic liver diseases. NAFLD can progress to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study aimed to assess the efficacy of probiotic (lactobacillus) supplementation on NAFLD fibrosis score. A double-arm randomized controlled trial was conducted in the family medicine clinic of a tertiary hospital, enrolling patients with sonographic evidence of NAFLD. Fifty patients were divided into two groups: the Probiotic group received lifestyle modification instructions along with daily probiotic supplementation for twelve weeks, with regular monthly follow-up visits. The Standard Treatment group received low-fat diet and lifestyle modification instructions only. The mean age of participants was 46.10 years (SD 10.11), with 70% females and 30% males. The study found a statistically significant difference in liver enzymes (ALT and AST) and BMI in the probiotic group before and after intervention. However, there was no significant difference in NAFLD fibrosis score between the two groups. Short-term probiotic treatment resulted in improvements in ALT, AST, and BMI in the probiotic group, but did not significantly affect NAFLD fibrosis score. Further research with larger sample sizes and longer follow-up periods is warranted. The clinical trial was registered at Protocol Registration and Results System with number NCT06074094 (12/09/2021).

Effects Of Probiotic Supplement On Cytokines Response While Cycling In The Heat

Effects Of Probiotic Supplement On Cytokines Response While Cycling In The Heat

Effect of probiotic supplementation on hospital admission frequency and inflammatory markers in allergic rhinitis and irritable bowel syndrome patients

Aim: This study aimed to investigate the effect of short-term (3-6 months) probiotic use on patients with recurrent allergic rhinitis (AR) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), focusing on changes in inflammation indices and hospital admission frequency. Material and Methods: This retrospective study included patients diagnosed with IBS and AR between 2020 and 2021, who used probiotic supplements for 3 to 6 months. Clinical data, including demographic characteristics, systemic inflammation index (SII), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), hemograms before and after probiotic use, and AR-related admission numbers, were collected. The probiotic intervention was compared to a control group receiving standard IBS treatment without probiotics. Results: Of the 135 patients evaluated, a significant reduction in AR-related hospital admission frequency was observed in the probiotic-treated group compared to the control group (p

A Probiotic Mixture Decreases Neuropathy and Oxidative Stress Markers in Diabetic Rats

Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is a type of nerve damage caused by long-term hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus (DM). The gut microbiota alters in DM. Therefore, improvement of the gut flora may affect neuropathic pain and oxidative biomarkers' responsiveness to the probiotic treatment. The present study aimed to assess the effects of probiotic supplementation on neuropathic pain and oxidative stress biomarkers in diabetic rats’ serum. Forty-eight rats (200-250 g) were randomly divided into four groups (n = 12 per group) to examine the effects of the probiotics mixture as follows: the control group (CO), and the diabetic groups received 1 ml probiotics mixture (DP) containing &lt;em&gt;Lactobacillus rhamnosus&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Lactobacillus acidophilus&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Lactobacillus delbrueckii&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Lactobacillus plantarum&lt;/em&gt;, and &lt;em&gt;Bifidobacterium bifidum&lt;/em&gt; (10&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt; CFU of each), 100 mg/kg Gabapentin (DG), or normal saline (DM) daily. The study used animals with plasma glucose concentrations between 70 and 100 mg/dl. Behavioral tests, including mechanical allodynia, cold allodynia, and thermal hyperalgesia, were used to evaluate the pain on days 1, 4, 7, 14, and 21 of the study. After that, the serum's biochemical analysis was completed. Taking the probiotics mixture decreased mechanical and cold allodynia as well as thermal hyperalgesia. The probiotics group also showed significant reductions in lipid peroxidation levels and increases in total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities compared to the DM group. Our results showed that supplementation with the probiotics mixture could reduce pain-related behaviors in diabetic rats by enhancing the antioxidant capacity in their serum.

Effects of probiotics supplementation on glycemic profile in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A grade-assessed systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

BackgroundDisturbed glycemia and the resulting type 2 diabetes (T2D) are significant health concerns. Various approaches have been examined to improve glycemic control in patients with T2D. Modification of gut microbiome via administering probiotics has been extensively studied. The present study aims to sum up the existing literature which investigated the effect of probiotics on glycemic indices in individuals with T2D in the format of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). MethodsOnline medical databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science) were searched from inception to January 2024. Eligible studies were included using pre-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Outcome variables included fasting blood sugar (FBS), insulin, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and homeostatic model of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Weighted mean differences (WMDs) were estimated. Subgroup and dose-response analyses were conducted. P-values <0.05 were considered as statistically significant. ResultsOut of 5,636 records retrieved by the initial search, thirty-two RCTs were included in the final analyses. Supplementation with probiotics was observed to significantly improve indices of glycemic control; including FBS (WMD: -13.27 mg/dl; 95% CI: -18.31, -8.22), HbA1c (WMD: -0.44 %; 95% CI: -0.59, -0.28), insulin (WMD: -1.33 μIU/ml; 95% CI: -2.57, -0.08), and HOMA-IR (WMD: -0.95; 95% CI: -1.71, -0.18). Dose-response analysis revealed that increased duration of intervention results in a larger reduction only in FBS. ConclusionSupplementation with probiotics seems to improve indices of glycemic control. Nonetheless, taken into account the notable heterogeneity (with regard to dosage, duration, and the species/strains used) between the included studies and low quality of evidence, caution must be considered, especially when long-term clinical implications are intended.

Effects of Probiotic Supplementation on Body Weight, Growth Performance, Immune Function, Intestinal Microbiota and Metabolites in Fallow Deer.

Intestinal diseases are one of the diseases that affect the growth and immunity of deer. Currently, more lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are available as feed additives to improve the intestinal ecological balance of ruminants in production practices. In this study, Enterococcus faecalis was supplemented in the feed of fallow deer for 170 d, and body weights, blood indices and immune levels of fallow deer were counted at 35, 65 and 170 d. The effects of Enterococcus faecalis on the intestinal microbiota and the metabolism of fallow deer were analysed using 16S rDNA and UPLC-MS/MS methods. The results showed that the addition of Enterococcus faecalis to the diet improved body weight and immune function and increased the aggregation of gut microbiota in fallow deer. The addition of Enterococcus faecalis altered the community structure of intestinal microorganisms in fallow deer and increased the number of beneficial bacteria. In addition, combined with metabolomics analysis, it was found that supplementation with Enterococcus faecalis significantly altered the metabolites of fallow deer, mainly regulating lipid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism and phospholipid metabolism. In conclusion, this study presents, for the first time, evidence that the LAB strain Enterococcus faecalis can be used as a potential probiotic for deer and points to a new direction for the treatment of intestinal disorders in the deer family.

Effects of Probiotic Supplementation Added to a Weight Loss Program on Anthropometric Measures, Body Composition, Eating Behavior, and Related Hormone Levels in Patients with Food Addiction and Weight Regain After Bariatric Surgery: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Weight regain after metabolic bariatric surgery is a common problem. Food addiction is an eating disorder that can be one of the reasons for weight regain in these patients. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of probiotic supplementation with a weight loss program and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) on anthropometric measures, eating behavior, food addiction, and related hormone levels, in patients with food addiction and weight regain after metabolic bariatric surgery. This randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted on patients with food addiction and weight regain after metabolic bariatric surgery. Participants (n = 50) received a weight loss program and CBT plus probiotic, or placebo for 12weeks. Then, anthropometric measurements, biochemical markers, eating behavior, and food addiction were assessed. Weight and body mass index (BMI) decreased significantly in the probiotic group compared to placebo (p = 0.008, p = 0.001, respectively). Fat mass was significantly decreased in the probiotic group (p < 0.001). Moreover, a significant improvement was observed in the probiotic group's eating behavior and food addiction compared to the placebo group (p < 0.001). Serum levels of leptin decreased significantly (p = 0.02), and oxytocin serum levels increased significantly (p = 0.008) in the probiotic group compared to the placebo group. Adding probiotic supplements to the weight loss program and CBT is superior to the weight loss program and CBT alone in improving weight loss, eating behavior, and food addiction in patients with food addiction and weight regain after metabolic bariatric surgery.

Probiotics may be useful for drug-induced liver dysfunction in patients with depression – A secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial

Background & AimsThere is a need to identify new treatment options for depression with its comorbidities. Depression often coexists with liver steatosis and the two may share a pathophysiological overlap, including inflammation and microbiota changes. Probiotics might represent a safe option as an adjunctive therapy in patients with depression and possible liver steatosis. The paper presents the secondary analysis of a clinical trial of the effect of probiotic supplementation on the levels of non-invasive markers of liver steatosis and fibrosis in adult patients with depressive disorders. MethodsThe research had a two-arm, parallel-group, prospective, randomized, double-blind, controlled design on probiotics in depression. 116 participants received a probiotic preparation containing Lactobacillus helveticus Rosell®-52 and Bifidobacterium longum Rosell®-175 over 60 days. Here, data from 92 subjects was analyzed. The following were assessed: alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alanine aminotransferase/aspartate aminotransferase (ALT/AST) ratio, Hepatic Steatosis Index, Framingham Steatosis Index, as well as non-invasive biomarkers of liver fibrosis (AST to Platelet Ratio Index, Fibosis-4 Index), or baseline socio-demographic, clinical, and laboratory parameters. ResultsThe probiotics did not influence liver steatosis and fibrosis parameters compared with placebo (p=.940 for HSI). However, the subgroup analysis revealed significant differences in liver-related parameters when stratified by the main diagnosis group (better improvement in steatosis indices after probiotics in depressive episode than mixed depression and anxiety disorder patients) or psychotropic medications use (better improvement in ALT-based indices after probiotics in antidepressant-treated subjects than those non-antidepressant-treated). The interplay between probiotics, medications, clinical and metabolic profiles of depression, and the changes in liver-related parameters has been discussed. ConclusionsMultiple factors may modulate the postulated hepatoprotective properties of probiotics efficacy in patients with depression. Further studies with larger sample sizes, different probiotic strains, and longer intervention period are necessary to assess the real significance of probiotics for liver health in this population. ClinicalTrials.gov identifierNCT04756544.

The effect of probiotic supplementation on sleep, depression-like behaviour, and central glucose and lactate metabolism in male and female pubertal mice exposed to chronic sleep disruption

The prevalence of depression significantly increases during puberty and adolescence. Puberty is the period during which sexual maturity is attained, while adolescence persists beyond puberty and includes physiological, social, emotional, and cognitive maturation. A stressor that has been shown previously to induce depression is chronic sleep disruption. Probiotics can prevent stress-induced depression. However, it was unclear whether probiotics could prevent depression following chronic sleep disruption and what mechanism may be involved. Therefore, we investigated whether pubertal probiotic treatment could prevent depression-like behavior in mice following chronic sleep disruption. We also examined whether probiotic treatment could improve sleep quality, and increase serotonin, tryptophan, glucose, and L-lactate concentrations in chronically sleep-disrupted mice. We hypothesized that probiotic treatment would prevent depression-like behavior, improve sleep quality, and increase serotonin, tryptophan, glucose, and L-lactate concentrations in sleep-disrupted mice. Male and female mice (N=120) received cannula and electroencephalogram (EEG) electrode implants at postnatal day (PND) 26. Mice received Lacidofil® or Cerebiome® probiotics (PND 33–51) and were sleep-disrupted for the first 4 hours of the light phase (sleep period) (PND 40–51). Hippocampal L-lactate and glucose concentrations and sleep were measured over a 24-h period (PND 48–49). Depression-like behaviour was evaluated using tail suspension (PND 49) and forced swim tests (PND 50). Chronic sleep disruption increased depression-like behaviour and NREM duration in the dark phase, and reduced all metabolites and neuromodulating biomolecules measured within the brain. However, mice treated with probiotics did not display depression-like behaviour or decreased hippocampal L-lactate following chronic sleep disruption. Cerebiome prevented decreases to prefrontal serotonin and hippocampal glucose concentrations, while Lacidofil increased NREM duration in the latter half of the light phase. The current study not only replicates previous findings linking chronic sleep disruption to depression, but also demonstrates that pubertal probiotic treatment can mitigate the effects of chronic sleep disruption on depression-like behaviour and on the neural mechanisms underlying depression in a strain-dependent manner.

Effect of probiotic supplementation in murines with induced osteoporosis: systematic review with meta-analysis

Postmenopausal osteoporosis results in low bone mineral density, interference in bone microarchitecture, decreased bone strength, and an increased risk of fragility fractures. This systematic review aimed to increase the level of evidence on supplementation with bacteria of the genus Bifidobacterium in induced osteoporosis in murines, rats, and ovariectomized female mice (OVX). The search was initially conducted using the PubMed, Embase, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Web of Science, and Scielo databases in 2024, using the keywords “osteoporosis”, “murine”, “ovariectomized”, “OVX”, and “Bifidobacterium”. In total, 89 full articles, abstracts, or book chapters were found and after detailed screening, 5 studies met the inclusion criteria, using 66 animals, randomly divided between control and treatment groups. The results demonstrated that oral supplementation with bacteria of the genus Bifidobacterium significantly improves parameters indicative of bone health BMD, BMC, BV/TV%, and Tb.Sp. In conclusion, this meta-analysis provides evidence that bacteria of the genus Bifidobacterium are involved in anti-osteoporotic mechanisms in female OVX rats and mice, as a preclinical model, and suggests the need for further studies in postmenopausal women as a therapeutic alternative or complementary therapy to conventional osteoporosis treatments.

Multi-Omics Analysis Reveals the Regulatory Mechanism of Different Probiotics on Growth Performance and Intestinal Health of Salmo trutta (S. trutta).

Probiotics play an important role in animal production, providing health benefits to the host by improving intestinal microbial balance. In this study, we added three different probiotics, Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC), Bacillus licheniformis (BL), and lactic acid bacteria (LAB), and compared them with the control group (CON), to investigate the effects of probiotic supplementation on growth performance, gut microbiology, and gut flora of S. trutta. Our results showed that feeding probiotics improved the survival, growth, development, and fattening of S. trutta. Additionally, probiotic treatment causes changes in the gut probiotic community, and the gut flora microorganisms that cause significant changes vary among the probiotic treatments. However, in all three groups, the abundance of Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, and Rhizophagus bacterial genera was similar to that in the top three comparative controls. Furthermore, differences in the composition of intestinal microbiota among feed types were directly associated with significant changes in the metabolomic landscape, including lipids and lipid-like molecules, organic acids and derivatives, and organoheterocyclic compounds. The probiotic treatment altered the gut microbiome, gut metabolome, and growth performance of S. trutta. Using a multi-omics approach, we discovered that the addition of probiotics altered the composition of gut microbiota, potentially leading to modifications in gut function and host phenotype. Overall, our results highlight the importance of probiotics as a key factor in animal health and productivity, enabling us to better evaluate the functional potential of probiotics.

Effect of Probiotic Bacteria on the Gut Microbiome of Mice with Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation.

The role of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the development of diseases is clear, but the specific mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the microbiome aberrations in the guts of mice against the background of LPS, as well as the anti-inflammatory effect of probiotic supplementation with Lactobacillus plantarum from the gut, a mix of commercial probiotic lactic acid bacteria, and Weissella confusa isolated from milk using next-generation sequencing. LPS injections were found to induce inflammatory changes in the intestinal mucosa. These morphological changes were accompanied by a shift in the microbiota. We found no significant changes in the microbiome with probiotic supplementation compared to the LPS group. However, when Lactobacillus plantarum and a mix of commercial probiotic lactic acid bacteria were used, the intestinal mucosa was restored. Weissella confusa did not contribute to the morphological changes of the intestinal wall or the microbiome. Changes in the microbiome were observed with probiotic supplementation of Lactobacillus plantarum and a mix of commercial probiotic lactic acid bacteria compared to the control group. In addition, when Lactobacillus plantarum was used, we observed a decrease in the enrichment of the homocysteine and cysteine interconversion pathways with an increase in the L-histidine degradation pathway.

Bifidobacterium lactis and Lactobacillus plantarum Enhance Immune Function and Antioxidant Capacity in Cats through Modulation of the Gut Microbiota.

Gastrointestinal (GI) afflictions are prevalent among the feline population, wherein the intricacies of the gut microbiome exert a profound influence on their overall health. Alterations within this microbial consortium can precipitate a cascade of physiological changes, notably in immune function and antioxidant capacity. This research investigated the impact of Bifidobacterium lactis (B. lactis) and Lactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) on cats' GI health, exploring the effects of probiotic supplementation on the intestinal ecosystem using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The findings demonstrated a significant improvement in gut barrier function by reducing plasma concentrations of D-lactate (D-LA) by 30.38% and diamine oxidase (DAO) by 22.68%, while increasing the population of beneficial bacteria such as Lactobacillus. There was a notable 25% increase in immunoglobulin A (IgA) levels, evidenced by increases of 19.13% in catalase (CAT), 23.94% in superoxide dismutase (SOD), and 21.81% in glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px). Further analysis revealed positive correlations between Lactobacillus abundance and IgA, CAT, and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) levels. These correlations indicate that B. lactis and L. plantarum enhance feline immune and antioxidant functions by increasing the abundance of beneficial Lactobacillus in the GI tract. These findings provide a foundation for probiotic interventions aimed at enhancing health and disease resistance in feline populations.

The Effect of Probiotic Supplementation on Morphine Preference in Rats: Possible Antioxidative/Oxidative Signaling Pathway

Background: Many studies have revealed various aspects of the relationship between the stomach and the brain, but there has been no systematic study of the role of gut microbiota in drug addiction to date. This investigation is based on the novel concept that gut dysbiosis plays an important role in addiction disorders. Probiotic supplements (PBS) are thought to be a useful therapy method for opiate addiction and substance misuse. Therefore, it is postulated that changes in gut flora can play a significant part in the addiction process. Objectives: The aim of this study was to observe whether PBS, through the gut-brain axis in drug addiction, can decrease morphine (Mor) tendency in rats by affecting oxidative stress (OS) markers, using a conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm. Methods: Forty-two rats (weight 180 - 200 g) were divided into six groups (n = 7 in each). The effective dose of morphine (Mor) was 7.5 mg/kg. Two probiotic supplements were used: Prodigest (Prd) containing Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium bifidum, and Bifidobacterium longum, and Prokid (Prk) containing Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium lactis, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, and Bifidobacterium bifidum. These were administered via gavage for 14 days. The animals were given PBS after each conditioning session in the conditioned place preference (CPP) model. The animals' locomotor activity was then evaluated using an open field apparatus. The brain was tested for malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and thiol levels. Results: Only the Prd group, but not the Prk group, significantly increased the time spent in the Mor chamber (the location preference index) during the acquisition phase (P &lt; 0.05). The anti-oxidation/oxidation profiles (MDA, NO, CAT, SOD, TAC, and thiol) were altered by PBS. Conclusions: Given the elevated location preference index generated by Mor, it may be argued that PBS influences mood and behavior via antioxidative/oxidative signaling, thereby potentiating the effect of Mor.