Effect Of Potassium Fertilization Research Articles

Effects of Nitrogen and Potassium Fertilization in Trickle Irrigation on Yield of Pepper and Polebean

Abstract Pepper (Capsicum frutescens L. cv. Hot Hungarian Yellow Wax) and polebeans (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Dade) were grown in an intensive production system with film mulch, broad-spectrum soil fumigation and trickle irrigation. Nitrogen was applied through the trickle irrigation tubes at 0.56, 1.12, 2.24, and 4.48 kg/ha per day for the pepper and 0.56, 1.12, 2.24, and 3.36 kg/ha per day (doubled 6 weeks after seeding) for polebeans. Potassium was applied at 0.83 times the N rate. The N and K were applied twice weekly for the polebean and with every irrigation for the pepper. Marketable pepper yields ranged from 59.6 MT/ha with the low fertilizer rate to 96.0 MT/ha with high fertility. Yield increases with increasing fertilizer rates were not as great with polebeans as with peppers but there was a trend for higher yields with increasing fertilizer rates.

Lipid composition of potatoes as affected by storage and potassium fertilization

The effects of storage treatments and potassium fertilization on the phospholipid, triglyceride and free fatty acid content of Russet Burbank potatoes were determined. Thin-layer chromatography of the lipids indicated at least 18 types of lipids were present. Eight were phospholipids which were the predominant lipid class in the potatoes. Phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidic acid comprise the major phospholipids. A large increase in phosphatidic acid and a decrease in phosphatidylcholine were observed in potatoes stored at 5.6 C (42 F). Potatoes fertilized with 240 lbs of potassium (calculated as K2O) had a higher content of triglycerides compared to potatoes with no fertilization. Potatoes stored at 5.6 C (42 F) exhibited a decrease in triglyceride and phospholipid content but the free fatty acids were increased. The various lipid contents of reconditioned potatoes were similar to those of freshly harvested potatoes.

The effect of potassium and nitrogen on ionic relations and organic acid accumulation inPanicum maximum var.trichoglume

In studies on the effect of potassium and nitrogen fertilizers on ionic relations inPanicum maximum var.trichoglume cv. Petrie (green panic) most of the non-volatile organic acids that accumulate in this species have been identified and the effect that variations in inorganic nutrition have on the relative amounts of these acids accumulated ascertained.

Einfluß der Kaliumdüngung auf die Verfügbarkeit des Kaliums in K‐fixierenden Böden im Verlaufe der Vegetationszeit

Effect of potassium fertilization on K‐availability in potassium fixing soils over the vegetative periodThe effect of potassium fertilization on the K‐availability over the course of the vegetative period was tested on nine potassium fixing soils over two years.The availability of potassium fertilized at the beginning of vegetative period falls (on a soil with 50% clay) to half of the original amount within one month. The availability decreases especially during the time without vegetation. Only after fertilization with 1200 kg K2O/ha are substantial amounts of potassium available for the plants until the end of the vegetative period (determined by electroultrafiltration).An annual application of 300 kg K2O/ha only slightly increased the CAL‐K and exchangeable K in comparison with the unfertilized plots, although the plants showed marked yield responses. A significant improvement in potassium supply was not obtained with less than 600 kg K2O/ha.The potassium wet fixation values are relatively constant on the plots without or with low K‐fertilization: after high potassium application they show considerable fluctuation. The fixation potential is considerably reduced with an annual application of 1800 kg K2O/ha, but is not completely removed.Potassium can be removed by repeated extraction with a dilute CaCl2‐solution but the rate at which it is released into the soil solution is too slow compared to the needs of rapidly growing crop plants. The rise in the level of available potassium by fertilization is reverse to the clay content.There was considerable variation between the different available potassium forms over the vegetative period on the highly fertilized plots; consequently a soil test made annually can only give a rough idea of the K‐level in potassium fixing soils.

Effects of Potassium and Phosphorous Fertilization on Quality of Sweet Potatoes1

Abstract Potassium applications from 0 to 140 kg/ha at 4 locations had more influence on quality of sweet potatoes than P applications of 0 to 73.9 kg/ha as an average of years and locations. As the rate of K but not P applications increased, percent dry matter decreased. K and P applications reduced protein content and firmness of canned roots. K slightly increased the crude fiber content (dry wt basis) of the roots, whereas P applications had no affect on fiber content. K and P fertilization had no influence on carotenoid content (fresh or processed), percent splitting of canned roots, or crude fiber content (fresh weight basis). Year and location effects were noted for some of the quality variables studied. Most of the differences observed were of low magnitude, thus had little effect on the overall quality of sweet potatoes. The most outstanding effect was the reduction in dry matter content due to K applications.

Investigations on Nigerian root and tuber crops: effect of potassium on starch yields, HCN content and nutrient uptake of cassava cultivars (Manihot esculenta)

SummaryField experiments were made in the rainforest zone of Western Nigeria over three cropping seasons on the effects of potassium fertilizer of one local cassava cultivar 53101 and two improved cultivars 60506 and 60447 which wereF1hybrids of the former. The results showed that K-fertilizer increased the starch yields only slightly. Cultivar 60506 produced significantly higher starch yields (P< 0–01) than the local strain, 53101, while cultivar 60447 gave lower starch recovery than the local cultivar.A definite influence of K application on the cyanide (HCN) content of the tuber roots could not be established. The peeled tubers of the improved cultivars contained much less cyanide than those of the local 53101 strain (P< 0–01). Potassium had the highest (0·72–1·28% dry weight basis) while phosphorus had the lowest concentration (0·06–0·12%) in the peeled tuber. Owing to its higher yielding capability the unfertilized 60506 removed larger amounts of potash (average 110·9 kg k20/ha) from the soil than unfertilized 53101 (average 82·2 kg k20/ha).

EFFETS DE LA DENSITE DU PEUPLEMENT ET DE L’APPORT DES ELEMENTS N, P ET K SUR LA PRODUCTION D’ENSILAGE DE MAIS DE MATURITE DIFFERENTE

The experiment was designed to measure the effect of corn maturity, plant density, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilization on corn silage production. Funk’s G 4252 corn hybrid planted 10 cm apart in rows 75 cm apart produced an average of 18,325 kg/ha of dry matter over 4 yr, when fertilized with 200 kg/ha of N. Nitrogen fertilization, plant density, and choice of hybrid were the most important factors in dry matter production. Yield increases of 30% were associated with a 3% decrease in quality. Optimum yields were predicted for plant densities of 133,000 pl/ha with 180 kg/ha of N. There was no significant response to P and K fertilization. Yearly applications of P at 50 kg/ha allowed an increase in available P in the soil. Even with yearly applications of K at 200 kg/ha, a constant decrease in soil exchangeable K content was observed.

The Effect of Potassium Fertilization and/or Irrigation on Elemental Leaching in a Red Pine Plantation

AbstractOn a glacial outwash plain in the Adirondack Mountains of New York, a K fertilizer‐irrigation study on elemental leaching in red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) was initiated in 1966. Elemental leaching was monitored for 3 years using tension plate lysimeters. Significant leaching of K fertilizer occurred during the initial year of treatment. Despite the high mobility of K in the coarse‐textured soils of the study area, K soil leachate concentrations remained high for the 3 years of the study. The previously reported long‐term response to K fertilization on these K deficient sites may be due, at least in part, to the persistence of K in the soil surface. Potassium fertilization increased leaching of Ca, Mg, and Na. Irrigation increased the mobility of fertilizer K and may have increased elemental leaching of P. With the exception of Ca, elemental leaching losses from untreated plots were small relative to soil stores.

A dynamic model for the effects of potassium and nitrogen fertilizers on the growth and nutrient uptake of crops

SummaryA dynamic model has been derived to predict the day-to-day changes in the growth and nutrient composition of crops grown in the field with different levels of nitrogen and potassium fertilizer. Equations are included in the model to represent processes such as re-distribution of nutrients down the soil profile after rain or evapotranspiration, transformations between the various forms of potassium, transport of potassium ions through the soil to the roots and the dependence of growth and nutrient uptake on incoming radiation, plant composition, and soil water stress.The model was tested by using it to forecast the responses of a test crop, cabbage, to fertilizers in four separate field experiments at WeUesbourne. From data describing the initial soil conditions and weights of the plant, the soil and crop characteristics and the daily weather conditions, the model correctly predicted the pattern of responses in each experiment, although, in some instances the absolute values of the theoretical and experimental yields differed somewhat. Of special significance was the ability of the model to forecast the effects of different weather conditions on crop response and the interactions between the effects of N and K fertilizers on the growth and chemical composition of plants.

Effect of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers on yield components and specific gravity of potatoes

Netted Gem potatoes were grown at four levels of N, three of P, and two of K fertilizer in metal lysimeters protected from rain by an automatic shelter. The first two increments of N fertilizer, 200 and 400lb/acre (224 and 448 kg/ha), successively increased yields by increasing the number of tubers produced. The first increment also increased the average tuber weight. With 800 lb N/acre (896 kg N/ha), tuber yield and grade of potatoes were reduced from those of the 400-lb/acre (448-kg/ha) treatment becuase the average weight per tuber was reduced. P fertilizer increased yield by increasing the average tuber weight. The increased yield due to N and P fertilizers was almost entirely in the form of Canada No. 1 potatoes. K fertilizer did not affect number or weight of tubers in this high-K soil.

Trends of Nonstructural Carbohydrates in the Stem Bases of Switchgrass

penetration, distribution and activity in southern grasses measured by yields, drought symptoms and P32 uptake, Agron. J. 46:229-233. Burton, G. W., J. E. Jackson, and R. H. Hart. 1963. Effects of cutting frequency on yield, in vitro digestibility, and protein, fiber and carotene content of coastal Bermudagrass. Agron. J. 55:500-502. Burton, G. W., and J. E. Jackson. 1962. Effect of rate and frequency of applying six nitrogen sources on coastal Bermudagrass. Agron. J. 54:40-43. Burton, G. W., and J. E. Jackson. 1962. Single vs split potassium application for coastal Bermudagrass. Agron. J. 54:1 3-14. DeVane, E. H., M. Stelly, and G. W. Burton. 1952. Effect of fertilization and management of different types of Bermudagrass sods on the nitrogen and organic matter content of Tifton sandy loam. Agron. J. 44:176-179. Hojjati, S. M., R. A. MeCreery, and W. E. Adams. 1968. Effects of nitrogen and potassium fertilization, irrigation and clipping interval on chemical composition of coastal Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon (L.), Pers.). I. Total available carbohydrates. Agron. J. 60:617-619. Jones, J. B., Jr., and M. H. Warner. 1969. Analysis of plant ash solution by spark emission spectroscopy, p. 152-160. In E. L. Grove and A. J. Perkins (ed.), Development in applied spectroscopy. Vol. 7A, Plenum Press, New york, King, W. A., C. C. Brannon, and H. J. Webb. 1961. Comparison of coastal Bermuda and oat hays with alfalfa hay for milking cows. S. Carolina Agr. Exp. Sta., Clemson Univ., Bull. 490. 30 p. Longstaff, W. H. 1963. Soil fertility management of coastal Bermudagrass on the upland sandy soils of east Texas. Hoblitzelle Agr. Lab., Texas Res. Found. Bull. 17. 27 p.

Effects of potassium and magnesium fertilizers on yield and size distribution of potatoes

SummaryThirteen field experiments were made during 6 years on seed-potato growing farms in south-east Scotland, comparing three rates, 70, 140 and 280 kg K/ha as potassium chloride and four rates of 0–54 kg Mg/ha as kieserite in 3 × 4 factorial experiments.More than 70 kg/ha of potassium increased total yield only at one site, which had a recent history of low K application and very low available K. Yields were decreased by more than 70 kg/ha of potassium at three sites in a season with abnormally dry conditions just after planting. Applied magnesium had little effect on total yield.Extra potassium increased ware yield but decreased seed yield, both consistently, probably because the fertilizer damaged some stolons at or before tuber initiation and fewer tubers developed. The ware/seed ratio was generally increased by extra K, but after the dry spring this ratio was unaltered or reduced. Applied magnesium had little effect on the ratio.Our results suggest that the present rates of K fertilizer, used for commercial seed-potato crops (114–138 kg K/ha) in south-east Scotland are excessive, and a much lower rate of approximately 70 kg K/ha would be adequate except on very low K sites.

Effect of Nitrogen and Potassium Fertilization on Organic Acids of Bromus Inermis L. and Dactylis Glomerata L.1

The effect of nitrogen and potassium fertilization on the organic acids of Dactylis glomerata L. (orchardgrass) and Bromus inermis L. (bromegrass) was characterized from initiation of spring growth to maturity.Nitrogen fertilization significantly increased malic, trans‐aconitic, and citric acids in bromegrass and citric acid in orchardgrass, but significantly decreased shikimic and quinic acids in both species. Potassium significantly reduced levels of malic, quinic, and shikimic acids in both species and trans‐aconitic acid in bromegrass. No effect of K on citric acid concentration was noted. Citric, shikimic, and quinic acid concentrations declined with increasing maturity, while the levds of the predominant organic acids (malic and trans‐aconitic) remained constant

Effects of potassium fertilization on yield and K content of alfalfa and on available subsoil K

Abstract Alfalfa (medicago sativa) was grown for five consecutive years on Groseclose silt loam to determine the effects of fertilization and cropping on the amounts of available K in the soil profile and on the yield and chemical composition of the alfalfa. Plant nutrients consisting of 0, 16, 40, 64 and 80 kg P/ha and 0, 60, 150, 240 and 300 kg K/ha were applied annually in a central composite rotatable design in the spring of each year beginning in 1966. The available K content of the 0‐to 15‐cm soil depth gradually decreased without added K, increased slightly with 150 kg K/ha and increased rapidly during the first two years with the 300 kg K/ha. Available K in the 0‐to 15‐cm soil depth decreased 57 kg/ha in five years without added K but increased 92 and 179 kg/ha when 150 and 300 kg K/ha were applied. Plots treated annually with 0 and 150 kg K/ha contained in 1972, 64 and 93% as much available K in the 0‐to 150‐cm soil depth, respectively, as plots receiving 300 kg K/ha annually. Alfalfa did not respond to K fertilization during the experiment. No significant differences in K concentration of tissue samples were observed during the first three years, but the K concentration of alfalfa on untreated K plots in 1970 and 1971 was significantly lower than on K treated plots.

Nitrogen and Potassium Fertilization Effects on Yield, Fruit Quality, and Leaf Composition of ‘Stanley’ Prunes

Abstract The increase of the N level in leaves and fruits of 10-yr-old ‘Stanley’ prunes was found significant after soil application of 793.8 g N alone or combined with 1020.6 g K. Potassium levels of leaf and fruit began to show significant increases the third year after K fertilization. Ammonium nitrate favors accumulation of Mn in leaves. Higher rates of N alone or combined with K significantly increased yields. Increasing leaf K did not affect fruit yield unless leaf N was also increased. Nitrogen had no effect on titratable acids and soluble solids of the fruit. High K increased the titratable acids in fruits in light crop years. The results of the present study suggest that leaf K should be above 2.0% and leaf N should be above 2.1% for optimum production of ‘Stanley’ prunes.

Effects of Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium Fertilization of Roses on Oldsmar Fine Sand1

Abstract ‘Christian Dior’ and ‘Happiness’ roses on Rosa fortuniana stock, fertilized with 3 rates each of N, P, and K factorially combined, were grown for 3 years at Ft. Pierce, Florida. All fertilizer was applied at the beginning of the experiment under plastic mulch just before the bushes were planted. About 2300 lb./A of N on ‘Christian Dior’ and 2100 lb. on ‘Happiness’ produced the greatest number of flowers. Leaf N at 18 months was also maximized by 2100 lb. N. Nitrogen levels maximizing stem lengths were slightly lower. The independent effects of P were minor and low levels best, perhaps because residual soil P at start of the study was adequate. Flower production decreased with K fertilization beyond low rates, whereas stem lengths increased to a max at about 1700 lb./A. At times, various nutrient interactions were noted. ‘Christian Dior’ consistently yielded more flowers than ‘Happiness’. With minor exceptions, ‘Happiness’ had longer stems.

Effect of potassium fertilization on chemical characteristics, yield and nutritive value of corn silage.

Effect of potassium fertilization on chemical characteristics, yield and nutritive value of corn silage.

Potassium nutrition, ionic relations, and oxalic acid accumulation in three cultivars of Setaria sphacelata

The effects of potassium and nitrogen fertilization on growth, chemical composition, ionic relations, and oxalic acid levels in the Nandi, Kazungula, and Narok cultivars of Setaria sphacelata have been studied. Potassium response curves have been derived and their use in predicting 'critical potassium levels' in these grasses discussed. Cation-anion balances (total inorganic cation concentrationndash;total inorganic anion concentration) have been calculated and the effects of potassium and nitrogen fertilization on ionic relations are discussed. The Kazungula and Narok cultivars contained higher levels of the cations calcium, magnesium, sodium, and ammonium when grown under limiting potassium conditions than when supplied with adequate potassium. The Nandi cultivar was similarly affected but did not accumulate sodium. All plants with high levels of potassium in their tissues also contained high levels of nitrate when the nitrogen supply was adequate. The cation-anion balance increased with increasing potassium fertilization in all cultivars but there was an interaction between potassium fertilization and nitrogen fertilization. Potassium and nitrogen fertilization resulted in large increases in oxalic acid levels. It is shown that the amount of oxalic acid accumulated is related to the cation-anion balance.

The Effect of Potassium Fertilization on The Acid Content of `Concord' Grape Juice

High acidity is detrimental to the flavor of `Concord9 grape juice. The feasibility of reducing tartaric acid content to promote greater precipitation of potassium acid tartrate was studied with grapes of various potassium contents. The tartrate and malate contents of juices prepared from these grapes were determined before and after storage at 28°F. Reduction of tartrate content in storage was proportional to the potassium contents of leaf petioles and grapes, but the quantity of potassium that can be absorbed under growing conditions in New York is insufficient to effect the desired reduction in acid content.

Effect of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium Fertilization on Yield and Yield Attributing Characters of Cumin Crop (Cyminum L, Kreuz‐Kümmel)

Effect of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium Fertilization on Yield and Yield Attributing Characters of Cumin Crop (Cyminum L, Kreuz‐Kümmel)