Effects Of Pornography Research Articles

Pornography and sexual function in the post-pandemic period: a narrative review from psychological, psychiatric, and sexological perspectives.

The COVID-19 pandemic and lockdowns had significant impacts on sexual functioning and behavior. Partnered sexual activity decreased overall, while solo sex activities such as masturbation and pornography consumption increased exponentially. Given the ongoing debate about the effects of pornography on sexual function, it was prudent to consider how the increase in porn consumption during the pandemic might have impacted sexual function in the post-pandemic period. Results indicated that despite the increased rates of use during lockdowns, there remains no evidence supporting the relationship between sexual dysfunction and porn use during and following the pandemic period. On the contrary, pornography consumption and solo sex activities offered an alternative to conventional sexual behavior during a highly stressful period and were found to have positive effects of relieving psychosocial stress otherwise induced by the pandemic. Specifically, those who maintained an active sexual life experienced less anxiety and depression, and greater relational health than those who were not sexually active. It is important to consider factors including frequency, context, and type of consumption when analyzing the impact of pornography on sexual function. While excessive use can have negative effects, moderate use can be a natural and healthy part of life.

Dos efeitos à constatação dos usos da pornografia pela audiência

Abstract Pornography sites receive up to 75 million daily visits and digital technologies have made explicit sexual content more visible and accessible than ever before. Its intense consumption revived the interest of researchers in understanding what would justify the audience’s demand for pornography, as well as its possible effects, because, conceiving such relationships have direct consequences in the regulation and standardization of their production and circulation. In this sense, we seek to understand the motivations, the uses of the pornography by the audience, through a literature review that privileged the approach of the theoretical tradition of Uses and Gratifications. It also sought to expose our main findings: (i) manipulation of physiological reactions; (ii) social interaction; and (iii) self-awareness. In the end, we theoretically established the relationships between the uses and the possible effects of pornography on its users.

A Longitudinal Analysis of Political Ideology, Pornography Consumption, and Attitude Change

Abstract: The effects of pornography have been of central focus to communication scholars for decades. Despite this, recent meta-analyses reveal a need for additional longitudinal studies probing pornography’s socializing effects, in general; a need for attitudinal studies, specifically; and a need for studies of US adults, in particular. In response to these needs and recent calls for replication studies across the social and behavioral sciences, the present study replicated and extended an early US longitudinal study finding that pornography consumption predicted over time interindividual change in adults’ sexually permissive attitudes among liberal, but not conservative, pornography consumers. The results provided (a) evidence that the original study was neither a sampling fluke nor a product of model misspecification; (b) further evidence that longitudinal associations between pornography use and content congruent outcomes are not simply due to reverse-causation; and (c) preliminary optimism for the reproducibility of findings in the field of pornography effects.

Theoretically Suggested Divergent Predictions for Pornography Use, Religiosity, and Permissive Sexual Attitudes.

Pornography and attitude change studies most often adopt a sexual scripting (SS) perspective. The moral incongruence (MI) perspective on pornography has gained prominence in recent years, however, and may lead to differential predictions from the SS approach. Specifically, a detailed reading of MI and SS papers reveals the potential for discrepant predictions about the effect of pornography on sexual permissiveness, one of the most studied outcomes in pornography research. From an SS perspective, pornography use increases sexual permissiveness, but the preexisting traditional sexual scripts of the religious lessen the magnitude of this effect. Alternatively, the MI perspective implies the possibility that religious persons become more opposed to permissive sexuality as a result of their pornography use, as a way to mitigate the cognitive dissonance they feel for engaging in a sexual behavior proscribed by their faith tradition. The present study explored these divergent possibilities using nationally representative U.S. data. Across four meta-samples and four indicators of sexual permissiveness, religious nonviewers of pornography were the least sexually permissive, followed by religious viewers, nonreligious nonviewers, and nonreligious viewers. These results were robust over time and maintained after adjusting for demographics. For theorizing about pornography, religiosity, and sexual permissiveness, these results suggest that an SS approach may be preferable to an MI approach. The importance of continued research using both the SS and MI perspectives is discussed, however, emphasizing that the present study extrapolated a potential prediction from MI rather than a formal postulate put forth by the model's creators.

The Effect of Pornography on Social Media on Sexual Harassment Behavior among Adolescents in Yogyakarta

Social media has been utilized by a number of thoughtless people to share pornographic information or content that may influence sexual harassment behavior. This study analyzes various kinds of pornographic scenes that are frequently accessed by teenagers in social media platforms and the influencing factors of those pornographic scenes on behaviors considered sexual harassment among teenagers in Yogyakarta. This study was done by using quantitative method and descriptive approach with questionaires responded by 60 teenagers in Yogyakarta chosen by random as the data-collecting technique. The data was, then, analyzed quantitatively by using software SPSS 24.0. The result shows that the kinds of pornographic scenes frequently watched by teenagers in Yogyakarta are pictures and videos. The factors that influence sexual harassment among teenagers are motive, need, psycho-social, and stimuli. Out of the four influencing factors, motive brings the highest influence towards sexual harassment behavior among teenagers.

Epistemic Injustice in Political Discourses? The Problematic Concept of Authority in Langton’s Account of Pornography.

Through her silencing thesis, Langton has contributed to the study of epistemic injustice by highlighting a possible cause of such a phenomenon: She asserts that the pornographic representation of (straight) sexual relationships affects the felicity conditions of speech uttered by women, so this speech is not understood as an illocution by men. This fact arguably undermines women’s credibility, since their testimony is not even registered in men’s testimonial sensibility. However, this thesis entails problematic consequences from at least two standpoints. From a theoretical perspective, it enacts a circularity when it comes to the empirical individuation of the subordinative effects of pornography. I will point out that this problem arises from Langton’s substantive conception of power, i.e. from her notion of authority as an attribute which can be ascribed to preexisting subjects. From a political perspective, such conception of power allows Langton to performatively rank women as credible when testifying sexual violence, but it also leads her to silencing alternative political strategies, e.g. the ones proposed by Butler. Hence, I propose to consider this form of silencing as a specific kind of epistemic injustice, one that neutralises the performative value of political discourses.

Effects of pornography on young adults: A study of college students in Coimbatore

In this research study data was collected from college going students/respondents comprising of a 50 item questionnaire on pornography. Confidentiality was strictly maintained in data collection. Over 47.4% of female and 52.6% male were found having the habit of watching pornography and reported doing so between once a week and also almost equally once a month. Significant gender differences included that male were viewing pornography more than female. The objective of the study was to see the relationship between pornography and psychological effects among the young adults. Male respondents were found to be gaining more pleasure viewing pornography than the female respondents, but the female respondents were found to be affected psychologically on a higher level because of it. More than male, females readily accepted that they viewed pornography.

Young People, Sexuality and the Age of Pornography

Recently interest into the effects of pornography on children and young people’s sexual development has increased leading to an increase in studies in the area, laws being changed and public concern growing. This paper aims to recap these findings including more recent studies carried out in the UK. The literature shows links between viewing pornography and sexually explicit material and young people’s attitudes and behaviours. This suggests that young people’s sexuality is affected by sexual imagery and that this influences children and young people’s sexual attitudes and behaviours. The impact is contingent on the young person’s support network, social learning and other demographic factors, not least gender which has been consistently found to be significant. Recent studies have found changes in sexual practices of young people which are attributed to viewing pornography such as an increase in anal sex and casual attitudes to consent. Links between porn use and sexual coercion have also been found. How and in what ways children and young people are affected by such imagery—and what can be done to reduce the negative impact on young people is debated in the light of the gaps in the literature and the issues with the existing literature. Further need for study is discussed.

Effects of Pornography Use and Demographic Parameters on Sexual Response during Masturbation and Partnered Sex in Women.

The effect of pornography on sexual response is understudied, particularly among women. A multinational, community-based sample of 2433 women at least 18 years of age completed a 42-item, opt-in questionnaire collecting information on demographic and sexual history characteristics, use of pornography during masturbation, frequency of pornography use, and sexual response parameters. Pornography use and average frequency were compared across demographic variables. We also examined how pornography frequency predicted differences in self-reported arousal difficulty; orgasmic difficulty, latency, and pleasure; and the percent of sexual activities ending in orgasm during both masturbation and partnered sex. On average, women using pornography were younger, and reported more interest in sex. Pornography frequency differed significantly by menopausal status, sexual orientation, anxiety/depression status, number of sexual partners, and origin of data collection. During masturbation, more frequent pornography use predicted lower arousal difficulty and orgasmic difficulty, greater pleasure, and a higher percentage of masturbatory events leading to orgasm. Frequency of pornography use predicted only lower arousal difficulty and longer orgasmic latencies during partnered sex, having no effect on the other outcome variables. Pornography use frequency did not predict overall relationship satisfaction or sexual relationship satisfaction. Overall, more frequent pornography use was generally associated with more favorable sexual response outcomes during masturbation, while not affecting most partnered sex parameters. Several demographic and relationship covariates appear to more consistently and strongly predict orgasmic problems during partnered sexual activity than pornography use.

Measuring the Multidimensional Construct of Pornography: A Long and Short Version of the Pornography Usage Measure.

With the increase in the availability and usage of pornography, the research on the effects of pornography has also increased. This research has uncovered several controversies in the field regarding how pornography usage influences attitudes, sexual behaviors, and relationships. However, many of the measures of pornography are problematic as there is often little reliability and validity information for them and it is not clear that participants in these research studies are referring to the same types of materials when they answer pornography usage questions. Consequently, many of the research findings are suspect and it is crucial to develop reliable and valid scales to measure general pornography usage. In this study, we present both a 20-item and a 7-item version of the Pornography Usage Measure (PUM) that is based on extensive previous research on what types of materials individuals consider pornographic and that indicates pornography is a multidimensional construct. We evaluated the reliability and validity of both versions by using an MTurk sample of 934 males and 705 females (N =1639 total) to conduct confirmatory factor analyses, item response analyses, and structural equation model analyses. These analyses demonstrated that there were adequate reliability and early evidence for content, construct, concurrent, and predictive validity for both versions of the PUM. This measure could improve the quality of future research on pornography by providing more consistency between different studies about what is being measured when individuals indicate their pornography usage patterns.

Adolescent Pornography: A Narrative Review

This narrative review is based on a literature search on PsycINFO and PubMed that involved entering the terms adolescent pornography. Following exclusion criteria, 31 papers could be classified as adolescent pornography studies including research on the prevalence, effects and risk factors for pornography. Most of the studies have been conducted in other countries where the prevalence of adolescent pornography has ranged from 8%-22% for habitual use. The effects of pornography have included legal problems, permissive attitudes and unrealistic expectations regarding sex as well as problematic behaviors including victimization and assault. The predictor or risk variables have included male gender, family dysfunction and sensation-seeking. Like other literature on adolescent problems, this research is limited by primarily deriving from self–report and parent report and by the absence of longitudinal data that might inform whether the data being reported are effects of or risk factors for adolescent pornography and the need for prevention/intervention research.

The effects of pornography on sexual minority men’s body image: an experimental study

ABSTRACTPornography’s effects on sexual minority men have not been extensively researched. Studies specifically examining its effects on body image in both heterosexual and sexual minority men have reported conflicting findings and have only used correlational and qualitative methods. This is this first known experimental study to investigate the impact of pornography on sexual minority men’s body image. Eighty-seven sexual minority men were recruited for an online study. Participants were randomly assigned to watch either a pornographic video or nature video, and then completed three questionnaires assessing male genital self-image, drive for muscularity, and social physique anxiety. Results indicated that participants exposed to pornography did not report greater social physique anxiety, greater drive for muscularity, or reduced genital body image compared to participants exposed to the nature video. Self-reported history of pornography use was not associated with scores on the body image measures utilized. These results contradict previous findings indicating a positive correlation between pornography use and body dissatisfaction in sexual minority men, and further research is needed to explore these discrepancies.

The Effects of Pornography on Adult Males’ Relationships

The Effects of Pornography on Adult Males’ Relationships

The Effects of Pornography on Unethical Behavior in Business

Pornography is no longer an activity confined to a small group of individuals or the privacy of one’s home. Rather, it has permeated modern culture, including the work environment. Given the pervasive nature of pornography, we study how viewing pornography affects unethical behavior at work. Using survey data from a sample that approximates a nationally representative sample in terms of demographics, we find a positive correlation between viewing pornography and intended unethical behavior. We then conduct an experiment to provide causal evidence. The experiment confirms the survey—consuming pornography causes individuals to be less ethical. We find that this relationship is mediated by increased moral disengagement from dehumanization of others due to viewing pornography. Combined, our results suggest that choosing to consume pornography causes individuals to behave less ethically. Because unethical employee behavior has been linked to numerous negative organization outcomes including fraud, collusion, and other self-serving behaviors, our results have implications for most societal organizations.

004 How Science Studies Pornography Impact and What Science Can, and Cannot, Tell Us

Sexuality clinicians have been concerned about the impact of pornography on sexual behavior at least since Dr. Ivan Bloch’s declaration, in 1902, that “There is no sexual aberration, no perverse act, however frightful, that is not photographically represented today.” Historically, the US, Britain, and Canada have funded national commissions to investigate the presumed negative effects of pornography, and in very recent years, the US Republican party platform and the US states of Florida and Utah have declared that pornography represents a public health crisis. More recently still, the Canadian parliament launched an inquiry into the health effects of online pornography. There is a widely accepted social, scientific, and clinical narrative to the effect that pornography is a pervasive cause of sexual aggression against women, relationship devaluation and deterioration, and cause of sexual dysfunction. This presentation provides an overview of four decades of scientific research on the effects of pornography with a view towards soberly assessing what science can, and cannot, tell us about the effects of pornography on sexual aggression, relationship breakdown, and sexual dysfunction.

The impact of virtual reality versus 2D pornography on sexual arousal and presence

The psychological impact of pornography consumption remains a contentious issue, with perspectives ranging from seeing it as a healthy expression of sexuality to a potentially dangerous addiction. Understanding how novel technologies can change how pornography is experienced is crucial for grappling with the effects of pornography. With the advent of consumer virtual reality (VR) technology in recent years, VR pornography has become increasingly popular. To date, we are not aware of any research that has compared people's responses to VR versus typical pornography. In our study, 95 heterosexual participants (47 females) viewed either VR or 2D pornography (between subjects), from both voyeuristic and first person perspectives (within subjects), and rated their subjective arousal and presence. Consistent with excitement about VR, men found VR pornography more arousing than 2D scenes, but this was not the case for women. Rather than VR being generally experienced as more arousing, we found that a first person or ‘participant’ perspective consistently induced greater arousal relative to a voyeuristic view, regardless of presentation medium in both genders. However, VR did consistently elicit a greater sense of presence than typical pornography, and presence was positively correlated with sexual arousal. Our findings indicate that under certain conditions, VR can enhance the experience of arousal and pleasure in response to pornography, and generally facilitates presence. Clearly, however, the immersive capabilities of technology are not the only, and likely not the strongest, predictor of sexual arousal, perhaps tempering concerns that VR could greatly exacerbate compulsive pornography consumption.

Kaligrafi (The Control Of Pornography Negative Behavior) As An Efforts To Reduce Pornography Negative Impacts With Antipornography Detection And Potential Motoric Development At Karangbesuki 1 Elementary

Pornography has big negative impacts on students. KALIGRAFI has purpose to reduce the negative impact of pornography and develop potential motoric on children. This program implemented for 5 months at Karangbesuki 1 Elementary School Malang. The methods used are pretest, giving material, integrated practice, and posttest. Materials given are religious and sexual education and also healthy internet usage. Integrated exercise is done through fun games and grouping of children based on talents and interests to increase the potential of children. The results show that there is a decrease in the number of students exposed to the negative effect of pornography from 57.5% to 17.5% of students. Based on the results, KALIGRAFI make some regeneration and modules as sustainability of the program so that the program can be maintained and even can be applied easily by the community from elementary school students, educators and parents

The intersection of pornography and racism in De Buitenvrouw and Alleen maar nette mensen

The references to pornography in the novels De Buitenvrouw (Joost Zwagerman) and Alleen maar nette mensen (Robert Vuijsje) alert the feminist reader to the intersection of racism and misogyny in the narratives of the protagonists. Some scenes in both novels accord with Andrea Dworkin’s definition of pornography as the presentation of sexual abuse. Dworkin and MacKinnon’s theory of the effects of pornography is interrogated by Judith Butler who rejects the idea of pornography as an illocutionary speech act. Rosi Braidotti’s emphasis on the visual aspect of pornography is borne out by both protagonists who use pornography to watch themselves as objects. While Theo in De Buitenvrouw keeps his pornographic fantasies secret, David and Ryan in Alleen maar nette mensen use the camera as a weapon when they humiliate a woman in order to capture it on film. While some women (mostly white) have the power to resist becoming part of male pornographic narratives, other women (especially Isidra and Juchi in Alleen maar nette mensen) do not have the illocutionary power to say no and are therefore silenced. The white male protagonists project their negative sexual behaviour on black men who are associated with the worst kinds of violent sex.

Linking Pornography Consumption to Support for Adolescents' Access to Birth Control: Cumulative Results from Multiple Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal National Surveys

ABSTRACTThis article reports the results of three meta-samples investigating U.S. adults' pornography consumption, attitudes toward teen sex, and support for teen access to birth control. Findings were based on multiple independent samples totaling more than 11,000 people. Pragmatic motivations included examining what public health advocacy groups would consider a positive public opinion effect of pornography at a potentially pivotal time for U.S. policy makers. Theoretical motivations included probing key tenets from the sexual script acquisition, activation, application model (3AM) of sexual media socialization and the reinforcing spirals model (RSM) of media uses and effects. Consistent with the 3AM, path and mediation analyses of both cross-sectional and longitudinal data suggested that pornography consumption may increase support for teens' birth control access through a shift in perspective on teen sex. In alignment with the RSM, participants' prior beliefs and attitudes were prospectively predictive of their likelihood of future pornography consumption.

Male-Centric and Female-Centric Pornography Consumption: Relationship With Sex Life and Attitudes in Young Adults

ABSTRACTPornography availability has increased in recent years, and while there is plenty of speculation about its effects, empirical investigation about how porn influences our lives has yielded mixed results. Additionally, few studies have addressed the effects of specific pornography characteristics. Past research has shown that male-centric pornography can be related to negative outcomes, while female-centric pornography is related to more positive outcomes, particularly in women. The present survey study examined the relationship between pornography characteristics (male- and female-centric) and the self-reported attitudes and sexual experiences of men and women. Participants in the full sample were 195 men and 310 women who completed an online questionnaire. Although effect sizes were small, women who reported viewing pornography with more female-centric features also reported more positive effects of pornography on sex life and perceptions of the other gender. While men were more likely than women to report negative effects relating to pornography use on these same measures, there were very few reported negative effects of pornography overall. These findings demonstrate a small association between the use of female-centric pornography and more positive outcomes, particularly for women.