Effect Of PEDOT Research Articles

Optoelectronic Properties of MAPbBr3 Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes Using Anti-Solvent and PEDOT:PSS/PVK Double-Layer Hole Transport Layers.

Perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) have attracted extensive attention due to their advantages such as low-temperature solution processing, high photoluminescence quantum efficiency, high color purity, tunable wavelength, and excellent carrier mobility. The hole transport layer plays an important role in the device's performance. In this paper, the effect of anti-solvent (ethyl acetate) on the performance of PeLEDs was studied in order to determine the optimal anti-solvent condition. The effect of PEDOT:PSS/PVK double-layer hole transport layers on the optoelectronic properties of MAPbBr3 PeLEDs was investigated. The device with 8 mg/mL PVK produced the best results, with a maximum luminance of 5139 cd/m2 and a maximum current efficiency of 2.77 cd/A. Compared with the control device with PEDOT:PSS HTL, the maximum luminance of the device with 8 mg/mL PVK is increased by 2.02 times, and the maximum current efficiency is increased by 188%. The experimental results show that the addition of PVK helps to reduce the size of perovskite particles, contributing to the spatial confinement of excitons, and suppress the quenching of luminescence occurring at the interface between PEDOT:PSS and MAPbBr3, thereby enhancing the optoelectronic performance of PeLEDs. The results of this paper can provide a basis for the improvement and industrialization of PeLEDs.

A Conductive Hydrogel-Based Microneedle Platform for Real-Time pH Measurement in Live Animals.

Conventional microneedles (MNs) have been extensively reported and applied toward a variety of biosensing and drug delivery applications. Hydrogel forming MNs with the added ability to electrically track health conditions in real-time is an area yet to be explored. The first conductive hydrogel microneedle (HMN) electrode that is capable of on-needle pH detection with no postprocessing required is presented here. The HMN array is fabricated using a swellable dopamine (DA) conjugated hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel, and is embedded with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) to increase conductivity. The catechol-quinone chemistry intrinsic to DA is used to measure pH in interstitial fluid (ISF). The effect of PEDOT:PSS on the characteristics of the HMN array such as swelling capability and mechanical strength is fully studied. The HMN's capability for pH measurement is first demonstrated using porcine skin equilibrated with different pH solutions ranging from 3.5 to 9. Furthermore, the HMN-pH meter is capable of in vivo measurements with a 93% accuracy compared to a conventional pH probe meter. This HMN technology bridges the gap between traditional metallic electrochemical biosensors and the direct extraction of ISF, and introduces a platform for the development of polymeric wearable sensors capable of on-needle detection.

Effect of PEDOT:PSS on the performance of solution-processed blue phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes with an exciplex host

The acidity of the PEDOT:PSS hole injection layer was found to effect the performance of efficient solution-processed organic light-emitting diodes incorporating a light-emitting layer composed of a blue phosphorescent dendrimer:exciplex host blend.

Effect of PEDOT:PSS composition on photovoltaic performance of PEDOT:PSS/n-Si hybrid solar cells

Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with poly(4-styrenesulfonic acid) (PEDOT:PSS) with different composition ratios (α = [PSS]/[PEDOT]) was newly synthesized by chemical oxidative polymerization and organic/inorganic heterojunction hybrid solar cells were fabricated by spin-coating of the PEDOT:PSS water dispersion on n-type silicon wafer. It was found that the photovoltaic performance of the hybrid solar cells was strongly affected by electrical and optical properties of the PEDOT:PSS, where at α = 2.8 the short-circuit current (J sc), open-circuit voltage (V oc), and power conversion efficiency attained 32.1 mA cm−2, 0.521 V, and 11.1%, respectively.

Biological response of protists Haematococcus lacustris and Euglena gracilis to conductive polymer poly (3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate

Improving the growth and pigment accumulation of microalgae by electrochemical approaches was considered a novel and promising method. In this research, we investigated the effect of conductive polymer poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) dispersible in water on growth and pigment accumulation of Haematococcus lacustris and Euglena gracilis. The results revealed that effect of PEDOT:PSS was strongly cell-dependent and each cell type has its own peculiar response. For H. lacustris, the cell density in the 50mg·l-1 treatment group increased by 50·27%, and the astaxanthin yield in the 10mg·l-1 treatment group increased by 37·08%. However, under the high concentrations of PEDOT:PSS treatment, cell growth was significantly inhibited, and meanwhile, the smaller and more active zoospores were observed, which reflected the changes in cell life cycle and growth mode. Cell growth of E. gracilis in all the PEDOT:PSS treatment groups were notably inhibited. Chlorophyll a content in E. gracilis decreased while chlorophyll b content increased in response to the PEDOT:PSS treatment. The results laid a foundation for further development of electrochemical methods to promote microalgae growth and explore the interactions between conductive polymers and microalgae cells.

Ultrahigh photovoltage responsivity of PEDOT:PSS–silicon hybrid heterojunction photodiodes

Strong inversion at the poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): polystyrene sulfonate PEDOT:PSS/silicon interface facilitates the separation of excess carriers and obstructs surface recombination, both are of utmost importance for optoelectronic detectors. In this view, low-temperature solution-processed PEDOT:PSS/silicon hybrid heterojunctions possess great potential for light detection applications. We investigate the performance of hybrid PEDOT:PSS/silicon photodetectors following long-period exposure to ambience. In addition, the effect of PEDOT:PSS conductivity on the performance of hybrid heterojunction photodiodes is also explored. In the self-powered photovoltage mode, the hybrid photodiode displays an ultrahigh responsivity of 106 V/W, a noise equivalent power of 10 pW/Hz, and a detectivity up to 1010 Jones. Thermal noise is identified as the main limiting factor in the device performance. The hybrid photodetector demonstrates a desirable stability over long-time storage in air.

Tuning hole injection of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) to optimize a quantum dot light-emitting diode

Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) is considered the best hole injection/extraction material in organic electronic devices. Two types of PEDOT:PSS (AI4083, PH1000) are demonstrated for tuning of hole injection and according optimization of electro-optic performance in a quantum dot light-emitting diode (QLED). In comparison with PEDOT:PSS-AI4083, PEDOT:PSS-PH1000 has inferior QLED performance owing to its higher hole mobility and hence serious carrier imbalance. The effect of PEDOT:PSS-AI4083 concentration is investigated in detail. With CdSe/ZnS quantum dots as the emitter and the optimal concentration of PEDOT:PSS-AI4083 as the hole injection layer, the QLED produces typical green emission with an electroluminescent peak of 527 nm, full width at half maximum of 24 nm and 1931 Commission Internationale d’Eclairage color coordinates of (0.150, 0.784). It gives a maximum luminous efficiency of 18.4 cd A−1, power efficiency of 5.8 lm W−1 and external quantum efficiency of 5.9%, with overwhelming superiority over the corresponding references. The current–voltage and impedance spectroscopy analysis of hole-only cells indicates that the hole injection can be facilely tuned by using different types of PEDOT:PSS and/or altering the PEDOT:PSS concentration, which accounts for regulation of carrier balance and optimization of device performance. Our results pave the way to an alternative approach for the lab-to-fab journey of PEDOT:PSS and advancing electronic devices.

Effect of PEDOT:PSS (Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-polystyrenesulfonate) Coating on Nanostructured Cobalt-Free LiNi0.9Mn0.1O₂ Layered Oxide Cathode Materials for Lithium-Ion Battery.

Among cobalt-free layered oxides, Li(Ni1-xMnx)O₂ (x ≤0.5) (LNMO) shows high reversible capacity, good cycling performance and thermal stability, and has relatively low cost and toxicity due to the absence of cobalt. In this study, we synthesized LNMO cathode materials having a porous fiber shape with primary particles that had an average diameter of about 328 nm. The prepared LNMO has an increased surface area, on which side reactions between the electrolyte and cathode material occur. Therefore, we coated the conductive polymer PEDOT:PSS to solve the problems that may arise. The coated LNMO exhibited a reversible capacity of 128.03 mAh g-1, and 87.1% capacity retention, at a current density of 0.1 C, for up to 30 cycles. It showed a better performance than uncoated LNMO. The process used in this study can be proposed as a new synthesis method for cobalt-free layered oxide materials.

A Comparison Study of Confinement Effect of PEDOT and CNT for Sulfur Nanocomposites in Li-S Battery Application

A Comparison Study of Confinement Effect of PEDOT and CNT for Sulfur Nanocomposites in Li-S Battery Application

Effect of PEDOT:PSS content on structure and properties of PEDOT:PSS/poly(vinyl alcohol) composite fiber

In this study, effect of PEDOT:PSS content on structure and properties of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS)/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) composite conducting fiber was systematically investigated for the first time. PEDOT:PSS/PVA composite conducting fibers with various PEDOT:PSS loadings were successfully fabricated via wet-spinning technique. Correlation between PEDOT:PSS loading and performance of composite fibers was investigated by analyzing changes in chemical constitution, morphology, thermal property, conductivity, and tensile property of composite fibers. Formation of hydrogen bonding interactions was observed between PVA matrix and PEDOT:PSS conducting filler, and the interaction was enhanced with increasing PEDOT:PSS loading. As PEDOT:PSS loading increased in composite fiber, fiber conductivity increased monotonically, and surface morphology of composite fibers became regularly circular. Young’s modulus and tensile strength of composite fibers also increased with increasing PEDOT:PSS loading, while elongation at break decreased. In addition, thermal stability of composite fibers improved with increasing PEDOT:PSS loading.

Green electroluminescence from Tb2O3/polymer heterojunction light-emitting diodes

In this work, heterojunction light-emitting diodes made of Tb2O3 and poly(3,4-ethylene-dioxythiophene)–poly(styrene-sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) were prepared and the effect of PEDOT:PSS films on performance of the electroluminescence devices was studied. PEDOT:PSS films about 0, 50, 80, 120 and 150 nm were deposited on the 160 nm Tb2O3 film. Crystal structures, morphologies and electroluminescence properties of the devices were characterized, and the electroluminescence mechanism was analyzed. The turn-on voltages of the devices are almost the same under a forward bias. Four characteristic emission peaks of Tb3+ at 488, 544, 584 and 618 nm are observed from electroluminescence spectra of all the devices. The current decreases with increasing the thickness of the PEDOT:PSS film. However, the electroluminescence intensity first increases and then decreases under this condition. The electroluminescence intensity is up to 3.2 times higher than that of the pristine LED after spin-coating the PEDOT:PSS film. The optimum thickness of the PEDOT:PSS film is about 80 nm.

Effect of PEDOT:PSS in tissue engineering composite scaffold on improvement and maintenance of endothelial cell function

According to recent research, smart polymers can affect different kind of mammalian cells such as endothelial cells. It is known that conductive polymers have great features, e.g. electrical conductivity, and can help increase electrical cell communication. To clarify the effect of one of these smart materials on endothelial cells, which are not inherently electrically dependent, poly(3, 4-ethylene dioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) was chosen. Scaffolds were composed of gelatin, alginate, and PEDOT:PSS and made through solvent casting. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were cultured on the scaffold with different PEDOT:PSS concentrations. SEM, MTT assay, cell attachment, nitric oxide measurement, real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry analysis were employed to assess endothelial cell responses. Although there was no significant difference in swelling ratio, mass loss, and cell attachment when PEDOT:PSS concentration increased in scaffold construction, cell proliferation noticeably increased after seven days. The cells showed a significant increase in proliferation and NO release to the scaffold with 1% PEDOT:PSS concentration. The results indicated increases in the amount of expression of platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1, CD31), kinase insert domain receptor (KDR), vascular-endothelial Cadherin (VE. Cadherin), and von Will brand factor (vWf) in the group which contained a conductive polymer in comparison with the non-conductive scaffold. Therefore, as a conductive polymer, PEDOT:PSS can affect the endothelial cell behaviours.

CuInS2/CdS Quantum Dots and Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/Carbon-Fabric Based Solar Cells

Quantum dot solar cells (QDSCs) were fabricated with cadmium sulfide (CdS)- and copper indium sulfide (CuInS2 or CIS)- QDs which harvested blue-green and red photons respectively, and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) coated over carbon (C)-fabric as the counter electrode (CE). Charge transfer mechanisms were evaluated for the photoanodes sensitized with the QDs (TiO2/CIS, TiO2/CdS and TiO2/CIS/CdS) and the effect of PEDOT in ameliorating cell performance was shown. Emission quenching and decay analysis revealed that photogenerated electrons relay from the conduction band (CB) of CdS to the CB of CIS, and then to the CB of TiO2, while holes from the valence bands of CdS and CIS are scavenged by the sulfide ions, most efficiently in the TiO2/CIS/CdS photoanode, compared to the TiO2/CIS and TiO2/CdS electrodes. The PEDOT/C-fabric CE has a higher electrocatalytic activity and a larger electrical conductivity compared to pristine C-fabric, which enables facile reduction of the sulfide species. The synergy between the two factors: (a) broad spectral utilization induced by the CdS and CIS QDs and their ability to relay photo-excited charge carriers quickly to the current collector, via favorable energy level offsets and (b) the outstanding electroactivity of the CE ensues in a cell, which delivered a power conversion efficiency of 5.24%. The cell retained 76% of its’ original efficiency upon prolonged illumination. Slow photovoltage decays obtained for the TiO2/CIS/CdS and TiO2/CdS cells resulted in high open circuit voltages (>800mV). This study shows that by using a cocktail of QDs of different band gaps and a suitable CE, effective charge separation that can lead to enhanced efficiencies is realizable.

PEDOT:PSS as back contact for CdTe solar cells and the effect of PEDOT:PSS conductivity on device performance

Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) was studied as the back contact of Cadmium telluride (CdTe) solar cells and was compared with conventional Cu-based back contact. A series of PEDOT:PSS aqueous solutions with different conductivities were spin coated onto the glass/SnO2:F/SnO2/CdS/CdTe structures as back contact, and the PEDOT:PSS conductivity dependence of device performance was studied. It was found that PEDOT:PSS back contact with higher conductivity produces devices with lower series resistance and higher shunt resistance, leading to higher fill factor and higher device efficiencies. As the conductivity of PEDOT:PSS increased from 0.03 to 0.24 S/cm, the efficiency of the solar cell increased from 2.7 to 5.1 %. Methanol cleaning also played an important role in increasing the device performance. The efficiency of our best device with PEDOT:PSS back contact has reached 9.1 %, approaching those with conventional Cu/Au back contact (12.5 %).

Use of a New Blue Emitter in Color-Stable, Flexible, Polymeric White Light-Emitting Diodes with a Simple Structure

New, polymeric white light-emitting diodes with the structure ITO/PEDOT:PSS/BFE + MEH-PPV/Al have been fabricated, in which poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene-co-N,N′-di(phenyl)-N,N′-di(3-carboethoxyphenyl) benzidine (BFE) was used as the blue emitter host and poly [2-methoxy-5-(2′-ethyl-hexyloxy)-1,4-phenylene vinylene (MEH-PPV) as the red emitter guest. A poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) layer was spin-coated as the hole-injection layer (HIL) on a flexible poly(ethylene terephthalate)/indium tin oxide (PET/ITO) substrate; the cathode was aluminium (Al). The entire simple, low-cost fabrication process was performed without any need for a glove box. The effect of PEDOT:PSS films prepared from the PEDOT:PSS/water solution with two different volume ratios (1:3 and 1:6) as the HIL on the lifetime and output performance of devices was investigated. The device fabricated by using the volume ratio 1:3 emitted white light with high color quality and Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.34, 0.38), and had a long operating lifetime.

Improved performances of CuPc/C60-based solar cell by using randomly and irregularly embossed PEDOT:PSS as anode buffer layer

An unique organic solar cell (OSC) based on copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) and fullerene C60 as the electron donor and acceptor materials is demonstrated with randomly and irregularly embossed poly (3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene) poly (styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT: PSS) as anode buffer layer. The effect of PEDOT:PSS nanostructure is characterized by optical and electrical measurements. The results indicate that introducing irregular nanostructure with random distribution into OSC leads to longer light paths by efficient scattering of the incident light and thus higher light absorption in active layer. Moreover, such a nanostructure increases the junction area, allowing more efficient exciton dissociation and charge carrier transfer/collection. These combined effects result in a prominent enhancement of 25.5% in average power conversion efficiency relative to the non-structured OSC due to the increases in short-circuit current and fill factor.

Effect of PEDOT:PSS vs. MoO3 as the hole injection layer on performance of C545T-based green electroluminescent light-emitting diodes

In order to understand the effect of hole injection on the performance of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) with electron- and hole-type hosts used in the emissive layer, we fabricated OLEDs based on a green fluorescent 10-(2-benzothiazolyl)-2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1,1,7,7-tetramethyl-1H,5H,11H-(1)benzopyropyrano(6,7-8-I,j)quinolizin-11-one (C545T) with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) and MoO3 as the hole injection layer, respectively. Here, N,N′-di(naphthalene-1-yl)-N,N′-diphenyl-benzidine (NPB) and tris-(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (Alq3) are, respectively, used as the host in the emissive layer for comparison. It is clearly found that different hole injection layers play different roles in the adjustment of the electron/hole injection and the transport balance, thus the different hosts are needed in the emissive layer for high electroluminescence efficiency OLEDs. This means that the selection of appropriate hole injection layers for OLEDs according to the different hosts in the emissive layer is especially important in the fabrication of high efficiency single emissive layer OLEDs.

Influence of NiOx hole-transporting layer on the light absorption of the polymer solar cells

Polymer solar cell composed of the blend bulk- heterojunctions is fabricated by the conjugated polymer as donor material and fullerene as acceptor material. P3HT and PCBM are chosen in the present study. The effect of the NiOx layer on the light absorption of the polymer solar cell is investigated via the transfer matrix of the multilayer dielectric film, Maxwell equations and photon absorption equation. NiOx as alternative material of PEDOT:PSS in polymer solar cell can redistribute the electromagetic field of device and effectively improve the light absortption. in the device with structure of ITO/HTL/P3HT:PCBM/LiF:Al, and the effects of PEDOT:PSS and the NiOx on the performance of device are investigated by numerical simulation. The results show that the optimal NiOx layer device with a thickness of 10 nm has a larger short-circuit current, filling factor and energy-conversion efficiency than the 40 mm thick PEDOT:PSS device.

Effect of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) in carbon-based composite electrodes for electrochemical supercapacitors

Electrochemical double layer supercapacitor cells were fabricated and tested using composite electrodes of activated carbon with carbon black and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), and an organic electrolyte 1 M TEABF 4/PC solution. The effect of PEDOT on the performance of the EDLC cells was explored and the cells were characterised by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge–discharge. A generalised equivalent circuit model was developed for which numerical simulations were performed to determine the properties and parameters of its components from the EIS data. It was found that the proposed model fitted successfully the data of all tested cells. PEDOT enhanced the electrode and cell capacitance via its pseudo-capacitance effect up to a maximum value for an optimum PEDOT loading and greatly increased the energy density of the cell while the maximum power density has been still maintained at supercapacitor levels. Furthermore, PEDOT replaced PVDF as a binder and harmful solvent release was reduced during electrode processing. Activated carbon–carbon black composite electrodes with PEDOT as binder were found to have specific capacitance superior to that of activated carbon–carbon black electrodes with PVDF binder.