Effects Of Nonverbal Behavior Research Articles

Distinctive features of nonverbal behavior and mimicry in application interviews through data analysis and machine learning

This paper reveals the characteristics and effects of nonverbal behavior and human mimicry in the context of application interviews. It discloses a novel analyzation method for psychological research by utilizing machine learning. In comparison to traditional manual data analysis, machine learning proves to be able to analyze the data more deeply and to discover connections in the data invisible to the human eye. The paper describes an experiment to measure and analyze the reactions of evaluators to job applicants who adopt specific behaviors: mimicry, suppress, immediacy and natural behavior. First, evaluation of the applicant qualifications by the interviewer reveals how behavioral self-management can improve the interviewer’s opinion of the candidate. Secondly, the underlying mechanics of mimicry behavior are exposed through analysis of seven nonverbal actions. Manual data analysis determines the frequency features of the actions and answers how often the actions are performed and how often they are mimicked during application interviews. Two of the seven actions are here deemed negligible due too low frequency features. Finally, machine learning is employed to analyze the data in great detail and distinguish the four behavior categories from each other. A Random Forest classifier is able to achieve 55.2% accuracy for predicting the behavior condition of the interviews while human observers reach an accuracy of 32.9%. The feature set for the classifier is reduced to 130 features with the most important features relating to the correlations between the leaning forward actions of the interview participants.

The reciprocal relationship between nonverbal behavior and sports performance in a cross-lagged panel model

ObjectivesThe aim of the present research is to investigate the relationship between nonverbal behavior (NVB) and sports performance in a longitudinal design using cross-lagged panel models (CLPMs). MethodIn our study NVB and performance were measured at eight time points (n1) in 48 basketball matches (n2), resulting in N = 384 data points. Cross-lagged paths between NVB and performance were analyzed in multilevel models, with NVB at time point t-1 predicting performance at time point t and performance at time point t-1 predicting NVB at time point t. Performance was measured as the score difference between one team to the opposing team within a time point. NVB was rated on a scale from dominance to submissiveness by two blinded raters. Dependence of performance measures between time points was eliminated by two different approaches, resulting in two different measurements of performance. ResultsResults indicate an effect of NVB at time point t-1 on performance at time point t for one of the methods of performance. Contrary to our hypothesis and evidence from previous findings, there was no effect of performance at time point t-1 on NVB at time point t for neither method of measuring performance. ConclusionsThis study supports a positive relationship between NVB and sports performance, more so in the direction of NVB predicting performance.

Do the effects of nonverbal behaviour on team outcome confidence in team sports depend on the availability of additional performance information?

The aim of the present research is to investigate whether the effects of nonverbal behaviour (NVB) on team outcome confidence in sports decrease when additional information on players' performance is provided. In three experiments using video footage of football players, we examined the effects of both NVB and performance information on team outcome confidence. When no additional performance-related information was given, team outcome confidence was significantly influenced by NVB (Experiment 1). When performance-related information was added, the effect of NVB remained large, independent of how strong information distinguished between low- and high-performance players (Experiments 2 and 3). In line with previous research, our results suggest that NVB has an important impact on a team's outcome confidence even when additional performance-related information is available.

Relationship between Nonverbal Behavior of Consultants and Consultees: A Preliminary Study

Little is known about the relationship between the nonverbal behavior of consultants and consultees in problem identification interviews in behavioral consultations. In particular, despite its assumed importance to consultative relationships and consultation success, the effects of nonverbal behavior on behavioral consultations remains unexplored. This short case report describes a study which sought to determine how nonverbal behavior from consultants can control the behavior of consultees. We recorded the occurrence or nonoccurrence of gestures and nodding responses and examined the association between these nonverbal behaviors in consultants and consultees by lag sequential analysis of videotaped sessions. The consultations involved two consultants and one consultee. The consultee presented the cases of two clients with distinct clinical problems and discussed solutions in two consultation sessions with each consultant, for a total of four consultation sessions. Our findings suggest that the experiential differences of consultants influenced the use and effect of nonverbal behaviors in behavioral consultations. Lag sequential analysis further showed that a consultant’s nonverbal behavior, such as hand gestures, controlled that of the consultee. However, the promotional impact of nodding responses by the consultee in response to the experienced consultant was not observed in response to the less experienced consultant. Although our findings were derived from a single consultation series involving only four consultation sessions, they highlight the importance of nonverbal behavior for behavioral consultation success and suggest that consultant education and training programs for nonverbal behavior be continually updated with new knowledge to improve consultation success.

Effects of nonverbal behavior on anesthesiology teaching

As the burden of anesthesiology teaching is heavy in undergraduate course, teachers can communicate with the students by nonverbal behaviors, such as eye contact, silent language, facial expression, paralanguage, which can make class atmosphere active, develop harmonious teacherstudent relationship, and improve the quality of class teaching. Teachers of anesthesiology should take some measures, such as rehearsing lessons, summing up the experience of the lessons in time, accumulating the experience of nonverbal behaviors, and doing some exercise for the nonverbal behavior as much as possible, so as to set up an excellent atmosphere for teaching, and meanwhile improve the quality of anesthesiology teaching. Key words: Anesthesiology; Nonverbal behaviors; Quality of teaching

Nonverbal Service Behavior and Customer's Affective Assessment

Body language has its own words, sentences, and punctuation. Yet, despite its significance in service interactions, the effect of nonverbal behavior (NVB) on service recovery evaluations of customers has been inadequately examined in the tourism and hospitality literature. This study explored whether nonverbal behavior could alter customers' emotional reactions, their evaluation of service employees, and their behavioral intentions in a recovery situation. Compared with a closed body posture, an open body posture accompanied by appropriate eye contact resulted in more positive emotions and favorable perceptions about the service employee. Service employees who displayed positive NVB were found by customers to be highly credible, competent, courteous, and trustworthy. Effects of NVB on behavioral intentions differed significantly as a result of the type of the NVB expressed by the service employee. These findings have significant implications for the hotel and hospitality industry.

Effects of Nonverbal Behavior on Perceptions of a Female Employee's Power Bases

The authors extended a previous examination of the effects of nonverbal behavior on perceptions of a male employee's power bases (H. Aguinis, M. M. Simonsen, & C. A. Pierce, 1998) by examining the effects of nonverbal behavior on perceptions of a female employee's power bases. U.S. undergraduates read vignettes describing a female employee engaging in 3 types of nonverbal behavior (i.e., eye contact, facial expression, body posture) and rated their perceptions of the woman's power bases (i.e., reward, coercive, legitimate, referent, expert, credibility). As predicted, (a) direct eye contact increased perceptions of coercive power, and (b) a relaxed facial expression decreased perceptions of all 6 power bases. Also as predicted, the present results differed markedly from those of Aguinis et al. (1998) regarding a male employee. The authors discuss implications for theory, future research, and the advancement of female employees.

The effects of nonverbal behavior on outcomes of compliance gaining attempts

An increasing number of investigations have demonstrated that the use of certain nonverbal behaviors such as gaze and touch can increase compliance‐gaining effectiveness. A meta‐analysis of 49 studies with a total of 9977 subjects was conducted to determine the strength of the nonverbal‐compliance relationship. The results indicated that there are consistently positive and small effects for gaze, touch, proxemics, and apparel in increasing compliance‐gaining effectiveness. Several different theoretical accounts of these data are evaluated. Finally, the effects of the nonverbal behaviors are compared with those of verbal behaviors. The nonverbal behavioral effects on compliance‐gaining appear to be as strong, and in some cases stronger, than the effects associated with various verbal compliance‐gaining strategies.

Nonverbal intimacy, sex, and compliance: A field study

The present study was designed to explore further the effects of nonverbal behaviors and sex on compliance. Male and female subjects who had just found a dime in a phone booth were approached by a male or female experimenter and were asked to return the dime that the experimenter had supposedly just lost. In the Eye Contact condition, the experimenter gazed at the subject as the request was made, whereas in the No-Eye Contact condition he/she did not. In addition, the experimenter lightly touched half of the subjects while making his/her request, but did not touch the other half. Replicating previous findings, it was found that both eye contact (significantly) and touching (marginally) produced increased rates of compliance. Extending prior results, these effects were obtained for male experimenters. Furthermore, a Sex of experimenter times Sex of subject interaction effect was obtained, such that subjects were much more willing to comply with the request of an opposite, rather than same sex experimenter. Questionnaire data suggested that: 1) subjects were aware of the touch, but not of the eye contact variable, and 2) the requesters were perceived as much more attractive when they were of the opposite, rather than the same sex as the subjects.

Effects of nonverbal behaviors on judged levels of counselor warmth and empathy.

Effects of nonverbal behaviors on judged levels of counselor warmth and empathy.

Effects of nonverbal behaviors on judged levels of counselor warmth and empathy.

Effects of nonverbal behaviors on judged levels of counselor warmth and empathy.