Effectiveness Of Non-governmental Organizations Research Articles

Explaining factors affecting the participation of nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) in disaster management: A systematic review.

Numerous disasters have occurred over the recent years. Moreover, there has been a considerable rise in the number of victims, injured people, and damages caused by disasters worldwide. Governments cannot meet needs alone due to the complicated nature of crises and accidents. Therefore, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) and communities must assist the states during disasters. The present study aimed to derive the factors affecting the participation of NGOs in disaster management using a systematic review in 2022. This systematic review was done using ISI, Science Direct, Scopus, PubMed/MEDLINE, ProQuest, and Cochran Library based on the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews (PRISMA) standard from January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2021. The articles were selected based on the search keywords (population, intervention, comparison, outcome (PICO)). After studying the titles, abstracts, and full texts of the articles, the factors affecting the participation of NGOs in disaster management were derived. The final assessment was done on 13 articles. Cooperation and coordination with other organizations, education, communication between NGOs, social empowerment, access to adequate references, and flexibility were the criteria with the highest frequency. As multiple NGOs take part in responding to disasters and performing relief operations, establishing a unified command and supervision system for effective coordination and collaborations among NGOs and other stakeholders is highly suggested. Further research is needed to develop a -measurement tool for assessing the effectiveness of NGOs' activities during disasters.

Addressing Crisis in Myanmar: The Role of NGOs in Promoting International Human Rights Standards

The Rohingya people have been victims of alleged severe human rights violations committed by the Myanmar government. In response to this situation, the United Nations (UN) has adopted some measures, including a United Nations General Assembly Resolution (UNGAR) A/RES/74/246 of 2019 that, inter alia, determines Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) as one of the key players in implementing its mandate. In practice, the NGOs' lack of international legal standing resulted in challenges in their operation. This paper examines the legal standing of NGOs' operations under international law. Specifically, it investigates NGOs' contributions to implementing UNGAR 74/246 in dealing with human rights violations in Myanmar. This article is based on legal research that combines library study and field research. The result indicated that Article 71 of the UN Charter needs to clarify the legal standing of NGOs’ operation in the international sphere, mainly to implement international human rights norms. In the context of the crisis in Myanmar, the NGOs have played a role as mandated by the UNGAR, including investigating gross human rights violations, providing gender-based protection and assistance, and assisting Myanmar in providing humanitarian assistance to all internally displaced persons within Rakhine. This paper recommends that all stakeholders cooperate to support the effectiveness of NGOs' contributions and peace-building efforts in Rakhine to achieve justice for all people in Myanmar.

Leadership Strategies Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) Utilise in Addressing Issues in the US-Mexico Border

This paper investigates the administrative procedures utilised by non-governmental organisations (NGOs) in the United States (US) and Mexico by addressing issues emanating from the US-Mexico border discourse. The boundary presents a complicated maze of problems including drug abuse, undocumented migration, compassionate emergencies, common freedom infringements, and financial differences. Understanding how NGOs practically explore this landscape is essential for constructing fruitful mediation strategies. Drawing from a survey of writing, contextual investigations and reports from three NGOs, this paper recognizes key initiatives or techniques utilised by these organisations. It investigates the characteristics and skills displayed by viable NGO pioneers like versatility, social capability, coordinated effort and key reasoning. Likewise, the paper highlights the basic significance of associations and coordinated efforts among NGOs, neighbourhood networks, states and global associations. These partnerships enhance the compass and effect of NGOs’ drives and highlight the interconnectedness of tending to line issues exhaustively. At last, this paper gives significant insights into the dynamic and advancing scene of NGO administration at the US-Mexico line. It adds to the more extensive comprehension of the powerful procedures and authoritative rules that impede or facilitate the provisioning of care in these critical regions.

Challenges and Barriers to the Participation of Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) in Flood Management: A Qualitative Study from Iran.

Floods are one of Iran's most important natural hazards, which cause a lot of damage every year. Various organizations, including non-governmental organizations (NGOs), participate in flood management. The present study aimed to explore the challenges and barriers of NGOs' participation in the management of the flooding in Iran based on stakeholders' experiences. This qualitative study is a case study that was conducted using the content analysis approach. Fifteen participants, including 3 national managers, 2 volunteers active in responding to recent floods, and 10 NGO managers/secretaries who had the knowledge or operational experience of participating in disaster management, were approached for interviews. Data were collected using a purposeful sampling method and continued until reaching data saturation. Challenges and barriers to NGOs' participation in flood management were categorized into 4 main categories and 14 subcategories, including policy-making challenges, managerial challenges, executive challenges, and socio-cultural challenges. As multiple NGOs take part in responding to disasters and performing relief operations, establishing a unified command and supervision system for effective coordination and collaborations among NGOs and other stakeholders is highly suggested. Further research is needed to develop a measurement tool for assessing the effectiveness of NGOs' activities during disasters.

Impact of Non- Governmental Organisation in The Socio-Economic Development of Rural Lives; A Case Study of Vosard

Non-Governmental Organizations plays an important role in the development sector through participatory people cooperation. NGOs are widely recognized for filling the gaps created by governments' failure to satisfy the needs of the poorest residents in developing countries. The number of activities undertaken by NGOs has widened in the near future. It may range from awareness creation to much broad range of activities which includes humanitarian issues, developmental aid and sustainable development. Many organizations also participate in the actual administration of conservation areas, assisting in the promotion of community or individual action, as well as campaigning for more government and corporate sector accountability. Present Article focuses on effectiveness of nongovernmental organizations in rural growth through a case study directed on VOSARD (Voluntary Organization for Social Action and Rural Development), a NGO situated in Idukki district, Kerala. Major rural development programmes undertaken by the NGOs in their areas included community development programmes, agricultural programmes, human resource management and development activities, micro financing, industrial and trade programmes.

On NGOs’ Role in the Development of Business Ethics in Slovakia

The socio-economic transformation after the fall of communism in Slovakia took place without anchoring new economic subjects in corporate social responsibility. Private companies and state authorities showed little interest in business ethics, so it stayed marginalized. Now, after more than two decades of development for business ethics in Slovakia, an absence of a systematic support for business ethics still pertains. Nonetheless, some initiatives have already been implemented to sustain ethics in business and typically the impetus for these initiatives was given by non-governmental organizations (NGOs). This paper investigates the influence of nine prominent NGOs operating in Slovakia on the development of business ethics in the current Slovak business environment. Based on indepth analysis of NGOs' documentation to projects undertaken in Slovakia throughout the last two decades and semi-structured interviews with the respective NGOs' leaders, the article critically analyzes the nature, scope and effects of NGOs' activities with respect to the advancement of business ethics in companies in Slovakia. Results of this qualitative inquiry suggest NGOs' activities add value mainly on the macro level, i.e. focusing on the fight against corruption, anti-social and illegal activities in state and public administration, promoting democracy and transparency. There are also several inspirational initiatives to expand business ethics on the mezzo level, such as guidelines for introducing corporate codes of ethics, a corporate governance code, an anticorruption charter, or whistle-blowing channels. There is no doubt these initiatives are important because every stimulus for integrating ethics and economics is rare and valuable in Slovak cultural conditions. However, activities of NGOs lack a broader view of the necessity of ethical regulation in business. In particular, results indicate shortage of attention to the control of illegal and unethical activity within the company, to unethical leadership and related negligence of the tone at the top of companies

NGOs and international development: A review of thirty-five years of scholarship

Abstract Since 1980, the number of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in developing countries has exploded. Published research on NGOs has paralleled this growth, yet there exists scant synthesis of the literature. This article presents a synthesis, while also introducing a collaborative research platform, the NGO Knowledge Collective. We ask four questions: first, who studies NGOs, and how do they study them? Second, what issues, sectors and places are studied when NGOs are the focus? Third, what effect do NGO activities have on specific development outcomes? And fourth, what path should the NGO research agenda take? To answer these questions, we conduct a mixed-method systematic review of social science publications on NGOs, which includes computer-assisted content analysis of 3336 English-language journal articles (1980–2014), alongside a close, qualitative analysis of 300 randomly selected articles. We find, first, that interdisciplinary journals dominate NGO publishing, that research on NGOs is more qualitative than quantitative, and that practitioners publish, but Northern academics create most published knowledge. Second, we find the literature is framed around six overarching questions regarding: the nature of NGOs; their emergence and development; how they conduct their work; their impacts; how they relate to other actors; and how they contribute to the (re)production of cultural dynamics. Articles also focus disproportionately on the most populated and/or politically salient countries, and on the governance and health sectors. Third, we find that scholars generally report favorable effects of NGOs on health and governance outcomes. Fourth, we propose a research agenda calling for scholars to: address neglected sectors, geographies, and contextual conditions; increase author representativeness; improve research designs to include counterfactuals or comparison groups; and better share data and findings, including results from additional, focused NGO-related systematic reviews. Implementing this agenda will help reduce bias in decisions by donors, governments, and other development actors, which should improve development outcomes.

Substitution or Facilitation: Service-Delivery NGOs and Political Engagement in the Peruvian Amazon

Whether nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) undermine or build democratic linkages between citizens and governments in developing contexts is a long-standing debate. This research explores the divergent claims of whether service-delivery NGOs, by doling out goods, decrease demands made of governments or whether they facilitate interactions with governments. Using a mixed-methods approach based on original household data from the Peruvian Amazon and interviews with community leaders, NGOs, and government, the research paints a nuanced picture fleshing out aspects of the NGO debate. The likelihood of pressing for services and interacting with government increases with more NGO interaction, supporting claims about the positive effects of NGOs. However, higher levels of NGO activity in communities can have a deterrence effect on petitioning government for support, a result that likely hinges on the role of information. The research has implications for the role of NGOs in affecting government responsiveness and accountability.

The Effects of Non-Governmental Organizations (NGSs) on Regional Trade within the Scope of Assyrian Culture

The main purpose of the research is to determine the effects of civil society organisations concerned with Assyrian culture on the regional trade. The questionnaire designed in this framework had been applied to 102 Assyrian individuals concerning 4 civil society organisations in the Southeast Anatolia (the city of Mardin and the district of Midyat) between October 2014 and February 2015. The questionnaire is composed of three parts and 37 propositions, which include socio-demografic factors, civil society and regional trade in general and civil society and regional trade with reference to the activities of the civil society organisations and Assyrian culture. Most of the participants share the opinion that the relationship of individuals and civil society organisations, the condition of the regional trade and the support and the ability to access for regional trade are not comprehended adequately.

The Effect of Leadership and Organizational Culture on Effectiveness of NGOs: An Empirical Study

<p>This study aims to investigate the effect of leadership and organizational culture on organizational effectiveness of nongovernmental organizations (NGOs). In the study, after a comprehensive literature review, an empirical study by means of a survey questionnaire has been conducted to find out the effect of leadership and organizational culture on effectiveness. In the study, organizational culture is conceptualized as motivational climate within the organization, the atmosphere that relies on trust and confidence and willingness of members to take responsibility and the leadership is analyzed in terms of being democratic, respecting others, being participative in decision making and taking risks when necessary. The effectiveness of NGOs refers to the achievement of the previously set objectives, using benchmarking as an indicator, and diversifying the sources of revenue. The results obtained from the survey show that organizational culture and leadership both have positive effects on effectiveness of NGOs.</p>

NGOs, INGOs, and Environmental Policy Reform, 1970–2010

We examine the effects of domestic and international environmental nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) on pro-environmental policy adoption using cross-national data. We address three views: (1) a bottom-up perspective, prioritizing the role of domestic NGOs; (2) an interaction imagery, stressing alliances or reinforcing pressures between domestic and international NGOs; (3) a top-down view, emphasizing the part of international NGOs. We use event history analysis to model the cross-national adoption of three major pro-environmental policy reforms between 1970 and 2010: omnibus environmental laws, environmental impact assessment reporting requirements, and national environmental ministries. Results show that international NGOs are strongly associated with pro-environmental reforms, with very large effects. By contrast, domestic NGOs are generally not associated with policy adoption in global analyses. In a subsample of democratic countries, we find smaller effects of domestic NGOs for some outcomes. We find no evidence that international NGOs amplify the effects of domestic ones. While there are compelling historical examples of bottom-up and interaction processes, the broad pattern of environmental policy adoption across the world is better explained by global rather than domestic organizational dynamics.

Improving the credibility and effectiveness of non-governmental organizations

As a part of the third-sector, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) are faced with issues of trust and accountability. Questions are increasingly being raised about how to make NGOs more accountable for the funds they receive and how to enhance their effectiveness and performance. This article examines the issues of trust and credibility of NGOs. The article identifies a number of factors that would help improve NGOs’ credibility, effectiveness and performance. Implications for third-sector organizations are discussed.

The Effectiveness of Non-governmental Organizations in Promoting the Awareness of Hypertension and Self-Control Management Measures of Families

Background: Despite the known risks of having high blood pressure, there is still a high prevalence of undiagnosed hypertension cases in society. A number of suggestions have been put forth over the years to counteract this issue. One suggestion was implementing a screening program; however, there was a high cost as well as a fear of low accessibility from lower socio-economic classes. Alternatively, there has been a suggestion to raise the degree of awareness about the risks of having high blood pressure. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of using nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) to promote awareness of hypertension and self-control management methods in families in Ardabil, Iran. Patients and Methods: In 2007, a quasi-experimental study was completed with the collaboration of local volunteers in Ardabil. A total of 84 volunteers and 121 patients with hypertension were included in the study. Educational workshops were held for the volunteers by the NGO (Saman) and patients were educated by the volunteers. Thereafter, both groups were assessed for awareness by using self-administered questionnaires. The data was then statistically analyzed by paired t-test. Results: Approximately half of the volunteers aged between 21 and 30 years, 94% of them were female and 68% of this cohort was single at the time of the study. Approximately 46% of the volunteers had an education level equivalent to a diploma. Paired-samples t test revealed that there was a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) between the scores of awareness before and after education in both groups. Conclusions: Holding workshops by NGOs to train volunteers on hypertension is a helpful method to increase awareness about hypertension and control measures in patients with high blood pressure.

The Effectiveness of Non-governmental Organizations in Promoting the Awareness of Hypertension and Self-Control Management Measures of Families

Background: Despite the known risks of having high blood pressure, there is still a high prevalence of undiagnosed hypertension cases in society. A number of suggestions have been put forth over the years to counteract this issue. One suggestion was implementing a screening program; however, there was a high cost as well as a fear of low accessibility from lower socio-economic classes. Alternatively, there has been a suggestion to raise the degree of awareness about the risks of having high blood pressure. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of using nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) to promote awareness of hypertension and self-control management methods in families in Ardabil, Iran. Patients and Methods: In 2007, a quasi-experimental study was completed with the collaboration of local volunteers in Ardabil. A total of 84 volunteers and 121 patients with hypertension were included in the study. Educational workshops were held for the volunteers by the NGO (Saman) and patients were educated by the volunteers. Thereafter, both groups were assessed for awareness by using self-administered questionnaires. The data was then statistically analyzed by paired t-test. Results: Approximately half of the volunteers aged between 21 and 30 years, 94% of them were female and 68% of this cohort was single at the time of the study. Approximately 46% of the volunteers had an education level equivalent to a diploma. Paired-samples t test revealed that there was a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) between the scores of awareness before and after education in both groups. Conclusions: Holding workshops by NGOs to train volunteers on hypertension is a helpful method to increase awareness about hypertension and control measures in patients with high blood pressure.

After the Norm Cascade: NGO Mission Expansion and the Coalition for the International Criminal Court

The literature on transnational advocacy focuses on the battle for norm adoption, yet little is known about what happens to advocacy organizations after they succeed. Do they disband, take up another cause, or expand their mission? This article explores the organizational response of mission expansion through a case study of the Coalition for the International Criminal Court. The CICC--a prominent global coalition of local and international nongovernmental organizations--was instrumental in advocating for the formation and ratification of the Rome Statute, the treaty that created the International Criminal Court. Following the entry into of the Rome Statute, the CICC did not disband or shift issues, but instead expanded its advocacy efforts and began service provision on behalf of the ICC. KEYWORDS: International Criminal Court, international law. IN THE PAST DECADE, THE LITERATURE ON THE EFFECTS OF NONGOVERNMENTAL organizations (NGOs), advocacy networks, and transnational or global civil society has blossomed and scholars have shifted from arguing whether these organizations matter to how and when they matter. (1) Much of this literature focuses on the roles and impacts of NGOs and advocacy networks in the process of norm emergence and adoption. (2) Because of its increasing scope and influence in national and global affairs, transnational civil society has even been coined the third force in global politics. (3) While this burgeoning literature has grown in scope and sophistication, it exclusively focuses on the battle for norm adoption and overlooks what happens to the organizations after they succeed. The reason for this is that the literature assumes advocacy NGOs exercise their greatest impact on norm change during the early stages of norm emergence, where they share information, frame the issue, and place it on the agenda. (4) The impact of advocacy NGOs is greatly decreased in the later stage of norm internalization, which is mostly occupied by bureaucracy. (5) What do advocacy NGOs do after attaining their mission goals? Organizational theory predicts three possible outcomes that could occur once an organization's raison d'etre has been fulfilled. First, the organization could disband. This theory emerges from the political science organizational literature and is rooted in the ideas of functionalism. (6) In this view, organizations are instruments or tools of their creators formed for specific purposes. Once those purposes have been fulfilled, the organization is disbanded because it is no longer necessary. This functionalist approach applies to some NGOs that have definitive and attainable goals. Malaria No More, an organization that provides mosquito nets in malarial zones, and Out2Play, an organization that builds playgrounds in public elementary schools in New York City, both closed down after achieving their foundational goals. (7) Second, the organization could adapt its skill sets to a new emerging issue. This occurs because the marginal cost of maintaining the institution is less than the cost of creating a new one. Based on this economic costs model, the organization will change its mission if it can adapt the rules, procedures, and skills from one set of problems to another. For example, the March of Dimes did not disband when Jonas Salk discovered the vaccine to combat polio--it was able to transfer its fund-raising and organizational skills to a new issue, birth defects. This transfer of skills can also occur with large coalitions of NGOs. The International Campaign to Ban Landmines took up the related issue of cluster bombs after its success in banning landmines in the Convention on the Prohibition of the Use, Stockpiling, Production and Transfer of Anti-Personnel Mines and Their Destruction (Ottawa Treaty). Third, the organization _ could expand its mission. Mission expansion can either represent scaling up existing activities or expanding horizontally by adding related activities. …

Explaining the Role of Culture and Traditions in Functioning of Civil Society Organizations in Kazakhstan

Recent studies find that Western-style professional nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) in Kazakhstan and other Central Asian countries are weak and unsustainable. Most of these NGOs developed strong dependency on foreign donors for funds, and did not develop local network of support. This study is conducted to understand the lack of effectiveness of NGOs in Kazakhstan and to test popular sentiments toward NGOs. The interview with local and foreign social science experts and public figures confirm that NGOs in Kazakhstan are weak and unsustainable. The explanations of institutional ineffectiveness lay in disconnect with local traditions, low visibility of NGOs, and unsupportive government. Survey of general population suggests that people in Kazakhstan know very little about NGOs and do not appreciate their utility. We explain the inability of civil society organizations to reach out to local people by cultural mismatch. By using the Hofstede national culture model (Culture's consequences: International differences in work-related values. Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications, 1984), we argue that local culture is in striking dissonance with the culture of donor countries, which created the NGO agenda in Kazakhstan.

The Effect of Non-Governmental Organizations (NGO)’s Approaches on Women’s Empowerment in Shiraz, Iran

The paper attempts to determine the impact of Non-Government Organizations (NGO's) approaches on the empowerment of women in Shiraz, Iran. Through empowerment, women become able to organize themselves, to increase self-reliance and to assert their independent right to make choices and control resources. In this study , empowerment is conceptually defined and analyzed at two levels, that is, 'individual' and 'community'. The study based on 195 women participants in NGO' s activities showed that their level of empowerment is moderate. This means they are neither disempowered nor empowered sufficiently. Various approaches were adopted by the local NGOs such as top-down, partnership and bottom-up to help women to achieve the empowerment. The result indicated the bottom-up approach is the most effective approach on the empowerment of women.

Contextual influences on safer sex negotiation among female sex workers (FSWs) in Hong Kong: the role of non-governmental organizations (NGOs), FSWs' managers, and clients

Despite social-cognitive interventions to increase safer sex awareness, condom use among female sex workers (FSWs) continued to be inconsistent. To account for the possible influences of contextual factors that may hinder or promote FSWs' safer sex negotiation and condom use, the present study examined the effects of non-governmental organizations (NGOs), FSWs' managers, and clients on FSWs' negotiation efficacy and condom-use efficacy, and the effects of efficacy on condom use. One hundred and nineteen FSWs in Hong Kong completed a questionnaire that focused on their perceived influences of NGOs, managers, and clients toward safer sex negotiation and condom use. Hierarchical regression results showed that whereas NGOs' influence and clients' support were positively related to negotiation self-efficacy, managers' pressure, and clients' pressure were negatively related to negotiation self-efficacy. Managers' pressure was negatively related to condom-use self-efficacy. Logistic regression results showed that FSWs with high condom-use self-efficacy was 24 times more likely to use condom in the previous six months than their counterparts. The present study indicated the importance of social contexts in affecting FSWs' safer sex negotiation and condom-use self-efficacy. Implications on preventive programs for FSWs, managers, and clients were discussed.

A critical cross‐cultural perspective for developing nonprofit international management capacity

AbstractIssues of the effectiveness of international nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) are becoming critical among a claim that cultural sensitivity to people's needs and the appropriateness of interventions is a competitive advantage of the sector. Here, the cross‐cultural management agenda is set out, particularly in terms of the transferability or appropriateness of management knowledge and development interventions. Research propositions are presented that, if supported through future empirical findings, suggest cultural hybridization is a process that can be managed through greater stakeholder involvement, leading to greater appropriateness as well as effectiveness of international NGOs.

Supporters or Challengers?

How do nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) affect local politics in developing democracies? Specifically, do NGOs have systematic effects on the fortunes of incumbent political parties in local elections? Existing work predicts starkly contradictory political effects: Some scholars claim that NGOs most likely help incumbents by providing services for which politicians can claim credit, whereas others believe that NGOs most likely hurt incumbents by facilitating political opposition. The authors argue that both of these effects are possible, depending on the size of a jurisdiction's population. In smaller populations, the authors hypothesize that NGOs facilitate collective action and decrease the ability of an incumbent to claim credit for projects; larger jurisdictions water down the effect of NGOs on collective action and permit incumbents' credit claiming. Strong support is found for hypotheses, using electoral, sociodemographic, and NGO data for all of 314 municipalities in Bolivia.