Effects Of Night Shift Work Research Articles

Personalized sleep and nutritional strategies to combat adverse effects of night shift work: a controlled intervention protocol

Abstract Background Working during the night interferes with the timing of normal daily activities and is associated with an increased risk of chronic diseases. Under controlled experimental conditions, interventions focusing on sleep and nutrition can mitigate the short-term adverse effects of shift work. However, it is unclear how these results translate to real-life, how they can be targeted to individual conditions, and how they relate to long-term health. Therefore, the current study aims to implement a personalized sleep and nutritional intervention among night shift workers in the field. Methods A non-blinded controlled intervention study is used, consisting of a run-in period, an intervention of 3 months, post-intervention measurements, and a follow-up after 12 months. Three study arms are included: sleep intervention, nutritional intervention, and control group (n = 25 each). Participants are healthy 18–60-year male night shift workers, with at least one year of experience in night shift work. Information from the run-in period will be used to personalize the interventions. The main outcomes are sleep measurements and continuous interstitial glucose levels. Furthermore, general health biomarkers and parameters will be determined to further evaluate effects on long-term health. Discussion This study aims to mitigate negative health consequences associated with night shift work by introducing two personalized preventive interventions. If proven effective, the personalized interventions may serve as practical solutions that can have a meaningful impact on the sustainable health and employability of night shift workers. This study will thereby contribute to the current need for high–quality data on preventative strategies for night shift work in a real-life context. Trial registration This trial has been registered under ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT06147089. Registered 27 November 2023.

Prevalence and characterization of sleep quality and insomnia in security guards working on the day and night shift in Delhi-NCR.

In today's modern world, shift working has become an important part of society and industrial work; prolonged wakefulness is a widespread phenomenon due to which the sleep patterns of individuals are getting disturbed, and many sleep disorders are arising. This study compared the sleep quality and insomnia of the security guards working the day and night shifts. This observational study comprised 100 security guards from Delhi and the NCR region. Self-administered questionnaires, i.e., the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) and the Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS), were used to assess sleep quality and insomnia. Fifty questionnaires were filled out by the day shift security guards, and the night shift security guards filled out 50. The data underwent analysis, and a comparison was conducted between security workers on night and day shifts using a Mann-Whitney U test, with a significance level set at p < 0.05. The result revealed a significant difference (95% CI; p < 0.05) for the variables, sleep quality and insomnia when compared between night and day shift working security guards. Among night shift workers, 74% reported issues with sleep quality and 48% experienced insomnia. In comparison, among day shift workers, 58% reported concerns about sleep quality, while 32% reported experiencing insomnia. The study concluded that night-shift working security guards had poorer sleep quality and a higher prevalence of insomnia compared to their day-shift counterparts. These differences are highly significant, highlighting the potential adverse effects of night shift work on sleep health, urging the need for interventions to improve sleep quality and manage insomnia among night shift workers.

The Effect of Night Shift Work on Health of Healthcare Workers

The Effect of Night Shift Work on Health of Healthcare Workers

Mitigating the Adverse Effects of Night Shifts: A Review of Strategies for Enhancing Health Outcomes in Shift Workers

Introduction and PurposeShift work, essential for continuous operation in industries like healthcare, transportation, and security, disrupts circadian rhythms and adversely affects health. This review consolidates findings on the multifaceted impacts of night shift work, emphasizing interventions to mitigate these effects and improve worker health and well-being. Brief Description of the State of KnowledgeNight shift work disrupts circadian rhythms, leading to cognitive decline, sleep disorders, mental health risks, cardiovascular issues, metabolic disturbances, and cancer susceptibility. Effective interventions include limiting shift lengths and frequency, incorporating rest breaks and napping, aligning meal times with circadian rhythms, using melatonin supplementation and light therapy to improve sleep quality, engaging in regular aerobic exercise, and employing stress management techniques. Summary Implementing proposed interventions can mitigate the adverse health effects of night shift work, enhancing worker well-being, efficiency, and job satisfaction. Tailoring strategies to different age groups optimizes effectiveness, with structured approaches beneficial for older workers and flexible options suitable for younger workers. Further research should explore long-term intervention effects and develop personalized strategies for diverse populations. This review provides comprehensive guidelines for managing the health impacts of night shift work, supporting improved patient safety, reduced accidents, and enhanced work performance across various industries.

Assessment of metacognition and retinal optical coherence tomography findings in shift workers

ABSTRACT It is known that working in the shift system, especially the night shift, affects physical, mental, and social well-being. We investigated the changes in the inner retinal layers and choroidal layer of the eyes of nurses working night and day shifts using optical coherence tomography (OCT). We also explored the effect of night shift work on metacognition and the relationships between these variables. A total of 79 nurses participated in the study, of whom 40 worked night shifts. The researcher gave the participants sociodemographic information and the Metacognition Questionnaire-30 (MCQ-30) form. Retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, ganglion cell layer (GCL) thickness, inner nuclear layer (INL) thickness, inner plexiform layer (IPL) thickness, central macular thickness (CMT), and subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) were measured with OCT. It was found that the level of metacognitive activity associated with cognitive confidence was higher (p = 0.044) for nurses who worked night shifts and that the level of metacognitive activity associated with cognitive awareness was lower (p = 0.015) for nurses who worked night shifts. RNFL-nasal superior (NS) thickness was lower in night shift workers than the day shift group (p = 0.017). Our study revealed significant relationships between metacognition and the OCT findings among night and day shift workers. Our study revealed that RNFL measurements and metacognitive activity may differ and there may be a relationship between these parameters in nurses who work shifts. Further research is needed to investigate the long-term effects of night shift work on retinal health.

Lichttherapiebrillen während der Nachtschicht: eine Feldstudie

Abstract Background Night shift work leads to severe short- and long-term side effects, posing a risk to personal and occupational safety. Objective This study aimed to test the effects of blue-enriched light-emitting glasses on sleepiness, alertness, and sustained attention during the early morning hours of night shift work. Methods To remedy the risks of reduced alertness, sustained attention, and increased sleepiness in a single-blind study design, Luminette® 3 (Lucimed SA, Wavre, Belgium) glasses emitting blue-enriched light (BL) were tested from 05:00 to 05:30 during night shift work in 21 participants at a sleep laboratory, and the effects were compared with those of glasses emitting sham dim red light (DRL). Sleepiness was rated hourly from 21:00 to 07:30 using the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale, while alertness was assessed using the PC Psychomotor Vigilance Task before and after the intervention. At the end of the night shift, sustained attention (using the computerized Mackworth Clock Test), comfort ratings, and fatigue were measured. Statistical analyses were conducted using the Friedman and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. Results Sleepiness increased significantly throughout the night and was not significantly reduced after the intervention, with a more prolonged reduction using BL. Compared with using DRL, using BL revealed no clear benefit in terms of alertness or sustained attention, yet comfort ratings were slightly better, without any negative side effects. Conclusion In the current study, BL glasses were not clearly superior to DRL glasses in ameliorating the negative side effects of night shift work. Despite some limitations, however, this field study showed high ecological validity and demonstrated the convenient use of an intervention that is easy to implement in a realistic workplace setting.

The Effects of Night Shift Work on Heart, Gut, and Reproductive Health, A Systematic Review

The Effects of Night Shift Work on Heart, Gut, and Reproductive Health, A Systematic Review

Does Long-Term Night Shift Work Cause Dry Eye in Hospital Nurses?

To determine the long-term effects of night shift work on dry eye in hospital nurses. Each participant was evaluated four times, including at the beginning of the day shift (8 am), at the end of the day shift (2 pm), at the beginning of the night shift (8 pm), and at the end of the night shift (8 am), using the tear break-up time (TBUT) test and ocular surface disease index (OSDI) questionnaire. The results showed significant differences in the TBUT and OSDI between the end of the day shift (2 pm) (10.26, 16.61) and the end of the night shift (8 am) (6.89, 38.59) relative to each other and relative to the beginning of the day and night shifts. As for the correlation between TBUT and OSDI, a significant correlation was found at all measurement times (correlation coefficient: 0.478, 0.707, 0.556, and 0.365, respectively) (p 0.05). The results showed that the severity of dry eye increased after the night shift with variation over a 24-hr period. Moreover, a significant correlation was observed between TBUT and OSDI results at the beginning and at the end of the day and night shifts.

Thyroid Function Status of Female Nurses Working Night-shift at a Tertiary Care Hospital

Background &amp; objective: Night shift work has well-known adverse effects on health like sleep disturbances and other medical conditions including thyroid diseases. Various studies have revealed that the effect of night shift work on healthis mainly related to its interference with circadian rhythm, which can also influence thyroid hormone levels in accordance with sleep patterns. Therefore, night work can modify thyroid function and increase the risk of thyroid disorders. The present study was therefore conducted to evaluate the impact of the night shift work on the thyroid function status of female nurses in a tertiary care hospital. Methods: This case-control study was conducted in the Department of Physiology, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka over a period of 1 year from January 2021 to December 2021. All female nurses (in the age range of 25-50 years) working at Dhaka Medical College in different shifts were the study population. Of them, the case group consisted of 90 female nurses who worked the night shift in different wards from 8.00 pm. to 8.00 am and the control group consisted of 90female nurses who worked the morning shift in the Outpatient Department (OPD) from 8.00 am to 2.00 pm. However, nurses with a personal or family history of sleep disorder, taking medications that may interfere with sleep, history of diabetes mellitus, bronchial asthma, or diagnosed with any kind of thyroid disease, such as Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, and pregnant nurses were excluded from the study. While the exposure variable was shift-work, the outcome variable was thyroid function status, evaluated in terms of serum FT4, FT3, and TSH and the presence of thyroid disorders. Results: The cases and controls were almost alike in terms of age, BMI, and blood pressure. The mean age of the case and the control groups were between 34 and 35 years with no significant difference between the groups. While serum levels of free thyroxine (FT4) and free triiodothyronine (FT3) were somewhat reduced in the case group than those in the control group, the serum TSH was significantly elevated in the former group than that in the latter group – a picture typical of subclinical hypothyroidism. Overt hypothyroidism was also higher in the former group than that in the latter group. Subclinical and clinical hyperthyroidism was found in 2(2.2%) and 3(3.3%) subjects of the control group only. Overall, 60% of the cases had some form of thyroid disorders as opposed to 15% of the controls with the risk of having thyroid disorders in night shift nurses being &gt; 8(95% CI = 4.1 – 17.5) times higher than that in morning shift nurses(p &lt; 0.001). Conclusions: The study concluded that night shift nurses may have a higher risk of developing subclinical hypothyroidism due to significantly higher levels of TSH and normal FT3, and FT4 levels. About two-fifths of the nurses working night shifts are at increased risk of having thyroid disorders, primarily subclinical hypothyroidism. Ibrahim Card Med J 2022; 12 (2): 40-45

The Effect of Night Shifts on Nurses' Health and Well-Being in Itanagar, Arunachal Pradesh

Objective: The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of night shift work on nurses’ health and well-being. Methods: 100 nurses in all were chosen at random from various hospital located in Itanagar. Data was collected from night shift working nurses by self-administered questionnaire through personal interview method. Data was used to gather information on socio- demographic, anthropometric measurements, professional, physical activity, food habits and intakes were collected. To study the detrimental impact of night shift employment on the health and wellbeing descriptive frequency and correlation were used. Results: One hundred nurses in all, the majority of them had one or more health issues, digestive problems includes- disturbed appetite (60%), heartburn or stomach-ache (71%), feeling nausea/ dizziness (75%), difficulty in digestion (72%) and suffer from constipation (52%). Cardiovascular problems of the respondents it was found that out of 100 respondents (16%) workers reported that they are on their high blood pressure or cardiac problems and chronic chest disorder (6%) followed by (45%) workers were low blood pressure. About 23% of nurses regularly skip meals, followed by 52% of nurses who did so once or twice, and the majority of nurses did not eat at set times. The results showed that 72% of nurses often ate fast food; only 8% of nurses took home-cooked meals with them for dinner. During night shifts, chips, cookies, sweets, and were the most popular munchies. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that nurses working nights have bad eating habits that cause their diets to be unbalanced. They eat less nutrient-dense foods but a greater number of meals that are rich in calories. They also rarely engage in any sort of exercise outdoors from what they do for a living and frequently prefer to eat snacks rather than full meals. The hospital's nurses need to get nutritional hygiene counseling, and night shift food service needs to be enhanced.

Acute Effect of Night Shift Work on Endothelial Function with and without Naps: A Scoping Review.

We examined the breadth and depth of the current evidence investigating napping/sleeping during night shift work and its impact on non-invasive measures of endothelial function. We used a scoping review study design and searched five databases: Ovid Medline, EMBASE, Ovid APA PsycInfo, Web of Science Core Collection, and EBSCO CINAHL. We limited our search to English language and publications from January 1980 to September 2022. Our reporting adhered to the PRISMA-ScR guidance for scoping reviews. Our search strategy yielded 1949 records (titles and abstracts) after deduplication, of which 36 were retained for full-text review. Five articles were retained, describing three observational and two experimental research studies with a total sample of 110 individuals, which examined the non-invasive indicators of endothelial function in relation to the exposure to night shift work. While there is some evidence of an effect of night shift work on the non-invasive indicators of endothelial function, this evidence is incomplete, limited to a small samples of shift workers, and is mostly restricted to one measurement technique for assessing endothelial function with diverse protocols. In addition, there is no identifiable research investigating the potential benefits of napping during night shift work on non-invasive measures of endothelial function.

The Effect of Night Shift Work on Melatonin Level, Burnout Level and Sleep Quality in Intern Doctors

Bu çalışmada gece vardiyalı sistemde çalışan intörn doktorların gece vardiyalı sistem öncesinde ve sonrasındaki mesleki tükenmişlik, uyku kalitesi ve melatonin değerlerinin değişimini incelemeyi amaçladık. Bu çalışma prospektif, tanımlayıcı ve kesitsel bir çalışmadır. Acil servis stajında gece vardiyalı sistemde çalışan intörn doktorlara gece vardiyalı sistem başladığı ve bittiği gün Maslach tükenmişlik ölçeği, Pittsburgh uyku kalite indeksi uygulandı. Ayrıca staj başında ve sonunda melatonin düzeylerinin belirlenmesi için kan örnekleri alındı. Uygulanan ölçek ve indeks uygun şekilde puanlandı. Melatonin değerleri uygun kitlerle çalışıldı. Elde edilen verilerin istatistiksel analizi yapıldı. Çalışmaya 45 gönüllü alındı. Gönüllülerin gece vardiyalı sisteme geçtikten sonraki duygusal tükenmişlik, duyarsızlaşma, kişisel başarısızlık oranları arttı (p değerleri sırası ile p=0,007, p=0,002, p=0,004). Gönüllülerin melatonin değerinde ise gece vardiyalı sisteme geçtikten sonra düşme gözlendi. Anca bu düşüş istatistiksel olarak anlamlı değildi (p=0,286). Gece vardiyalı sistem ile çalışmak mesleki tükenmişliği arttırır, uyku kalitesini bozar ve melatonin değerlerinde az da olsa düşmeye neden olur.

The Correlation Between Night Shift Work Schedules, Sleep Quality, and Depression Symptoms.

Poor sleep and depressive symptoms are two negative effects of night shift work on physical and mental health. This study evaluated the correlation between sleep quality and depression symptoms among nurses in Saudi Arabia. Specifically, we assessed depressive symptoms and sleep quality observed among nurses who worked night shifts and compared the outcomes with those who worked exclusively day shifts in hospital settings. A total of 191 participants (55.5% men, 44.5% women) participated. The response rate was 63.6%. The hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were used to assess depression score and sleep quality, respectively. Nurses whoworkednight shifts had substantially higher PSQI ratings (p<0.05) than those whoworked day shifts. In addition, there was a clear relationship between the HADS and PSQI scores. According to the binary logistic regression, longer working hours and inadequate sleep were both independently linked to depressive symptoms among nurses. Poor sleep quality brought on by night shifts may explain why Saudi nurses who work night shifts experience higher rates of depression than those who work day shifts only.

Effects of Nightshift Work on Blood Metabolites in Female Nurses and Paramedic Staff: A Cross-sectional Study.

Nightshift work disturbs the circadian rhythm, which might contribute to the development of cardio-metabolic disorders. In this cross-sectional study, we aimed to gain insight into perturbations of disease relevant metabolic pathways due to nightshift work. We characterized the metabolic profiles of 237 female nurses and paramedic staff participating in the Klokwerk study using the Nightingale Health platform. We performed analyses on plasma levels of 225 metabolites, including cholesterol, triglycerides, fatty acids, and amino acids. Using both principal component- and univariate-regression, we compared metabolic profiles of nightshift workers to metabolic profiles from workers that did not work night shifts (defined as day workers). We also assessed whether differential effects were observed between recently started versus more experienced workers. Within the group of nightshift workers, we compared metabolic profiles measured right after a nightshift with metabolic profiles measured on a day when no nightshift work was conducted. We observed evidence for an impact of nightshift work on the presence of unfavorable fatty acid profiles in blood. Amongst the fatty acids, effects were most prominent for PUFA/FA ratios (consistently decreased) and SFA/FA ratios (consistently elevated). This pattern of less favorable fatty acid profiles was also observed in samples collected directly after a night shift. Amino acid levels (histidine, glutamine, isoleucine, and leucine) and lipoproteins (especially HDL-cholesterol, VLDL-cholesterol, and triglycerides) were elevated when comparing nightshift workers with day workers. Amino acid levels were decreased in the samples that were collected directly after working a nightshift (compared to levels in samples that were collected during a non-nightshift period). The observed effects were generally more pronounced in samples collected directly after the nightshift and among recently started compared to more experienced nightshift workers. Our finding of a suggested impact of shift work on impaired lipid metabolism is in line with evidence that links disruption of circadian rhythmicity to obesity and metabolic disorders.

Metabolomic profiles in night shift workers: A cross-sectional study on hospital female nurses.

Shift work, especially including night shifts, has been found associated with several diseases, including obesity, diabetes, cancers, and cardiovascular, mental, gastrointestinal and sleep disorders. Metabolomics (an omics-based methodology) may shed light on early biological alterations underlying these associations. We thus aimed to evaluate the effect of night shift work (NSW) on serum metabolites in a sample of hospital female nurses. We recruited 46 nurses currently working in NSW in Milan (Italy), matched to 51 colleagues not employed in night shifts. Participants filled in a questionnaire on demographics, lifestyle habits, personal and family health history and work, and donated a blood sample. The metabolome was evaluated through a validated targeted approach measuring 188 metabolites. Only metabolites with at least 50% observations above the detection limit were considered, after standardization and log-transformation. Associations between each metabolite and NSW were assessed applying Tobit regression models and Random Forest, a machine-learning algorithm. When comparing current vs. never night shifters, we observed lower levels of 21 glycerophospholipids and 6 sphingolipids, and higher levels of serotonin (+171.0%, 95%CI: 49.1-392.7), aspartic acid (+155.8%, 95%CI: 40.8-364.7), and taurine (+182.1%, 95%CI: 67.6-374.9). The latter was higher in former vs. never night shifters too (+208.8%, 95%CI: 69.2-463.3). Tobit regression comparing ever (i.e., current + former) and never night shifters returned similar results. Years worked in night shifts did not seem to affect metabolite levels. The Random-Forest algorithm confirmed taurine and aspartic acid among the most important variables in discriminating current vs. never night shifters. This study, although based on a small sample size, shows altered levels of some metabolites in night shift workers. If confirmed, our results may shed light on early biological alterations that might be related to adverse health effects of NSW.

Gene-X-Environment Analysis Supports Protective Effects of Eveningness Chronotype on Self-Reported and Actigraphy-derived Sleep Duration among Regular Night Shift Workers in the UK Biobank.

Previous research has linked having an eveningness chronotype with a higher tolerance for night shift work, suggesting the ability to work nights without health consequences may partially depend upon having a circadian clock optimized for these times. As chronotypes entrain over time to environmental cues, it remains unclear whether higher relative eveningness amongst healthy night workers reflects a moderating or mediating effect of chronotype on health. We address these concerns conducting a GWAS (genome-wide association study) and utilizing a polygenic score (PGS) for eveningness as a time-invariant measure of chronotype. On a sample of 53,211 workers in the UK Biobank (2006-2018), we focus on the effects of night shift work on sleep duration, a channel through which night shift work adversely affects health. We ask whether a higher predisposition towards eveningness promotes night shift work tolerance. Results indicate that regular night shift work is associated with a 13-minute (3.5%) reduction in self-reported sleep per night relative to those who never work these hours (95% CI = -17:01, -8:36). We find that eveningness has a strong protective effect on night workers: a one-SD increase in the PGS is associated with a 4-minute (28%) reduction in the night shift work sleep penalty per night (CI = 0:10, 7:04). This protective effect is pronounced for those working the longest hours. Consistent patterns are observed with an actigraphy-derived measure of sleep duration. These findings indicate that solutions to health consequences of night shift work should take individual differences in chronotype into account.

Effect of night shift work on the reduction of glomerular filtration rate using data from Korea Medical Institute (2016-2020).

Shift work increases the risk of chronic diseases, including metabolic diseases. However, studies on the relationship between shift work and renal function are limited. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between shift work and a decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Data were evaluated for 1,324,930 workers who visited the Korean Medical Institute from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2020 and underwent a health checkup. Daytime workers were randomly extracted at a ratio of 1:4 after matching for age and sex. In total, 18,190 workers aged over 40 years were included in the analyses; these included 3,638 shift workers and 14,552 daytime workers. Participants were categorized into the shift work group when they underwent a specific health checkup for night shift work or indicated that they were shift workers in the questionnaire. The odds ratio was calculated using a conditional logistic regression to investigate the relevance of shift work for changes in GFR. 35 workers in the shift group and 54 in the daytime group exhibited an estimated GFR (eGFR) value of < 60 mL/min/1.73m2 (p < 0.01). The difference in eGFR values between two checkups differed significantly depending on the type of work (p < 0.01); the difference in the shift work group (-9.64 mL/min/1.73 m2) was larger than that in the daytime work group (-7.45 mL/min/1.73 m2). The odds ratio for eGFR reduction to < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 in the shift group versus the daytime group was 4.07 (95% confidence interval: 2.54-6.52), which was statistically significant. The results of this study suggest that eGFR decreases by a significantly larger value in shift workers than in daytime workers; thus, shift work could be a contributing factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD). Further prospective studies are necessary to validate this finding and identify measures to prevent CKD in shift workers.

Effect of Night Shift Work in Clinical Laboratories on Pediatric Complete Blood Count Results.

There has been much research into the impact of shift systems on clinicians and nurses, but little research into quality control in clinical laboratories. This topic focuses on assessing the impact of shift systems on clinical laboratory scientists. A total of 34,955 CBCs from pediatric patients who visited the hospital during night-time hours over a period of three years were selected for analysis. The quality of routine blood tests was evaluated using four indica-tors: red blood cell count, white blood cell count, platelet count, and hemoglobin levels. The effects of gender, years of experience, and length of the night shift on test results were evaluated separately for each clinical laboratory scientist. The results showed that the gender and years of experience of the clinical laboratory scientists did not affect the CBC results. However, a significant impact was observed as the number of hours worked on night shifts increased. The findings of this study suggest that the night shift schedule of clinical laboratory scientists can have an impact on the accuracy of pediatric CBCs. It is essential for healthcare institutions to consider the length of night shifts for clinical laboratory scientists and implement measures to minimize the impact on test results.

Effect of night shift work on metabolic syndrome in adults who suffered from earthquake stress in early life.

To examine the role of night shift work on the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in adults suffered from earthquakes prenatally or as infants and to analyse the effect of stress on factors that influence MetS in this population. We included 870 subjects from 2014 to 2015. All subjects work as miners for the Kailuan Mining Group and were born were living in Tangshan. Participants were classified into two groups on basis of their work schedules: day shift and night shift. They were further classified into the prenatal exposure group, the infancy exposure group, and the control group based on their age during the Tangshan earthquake. This study was conducted 38 years after the earthquake. Participants' general demographic data, smoking and drinking habits, as well as work schedules were collected. All participants' sleep status was assessed with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. The measurement of all subjects' waist circumference and blood pressure was made, and triglycerides, fasting blood glucose, high-density lipoproteins, and low-density lipoproteins were measured by collecting blood samples. The definition of MetS was made after the guidelines for preventing and controlling type 2 diabetes in China (2017 Edition). A total of 187 (21.5%) workers were determined to have MetS. The incidence of MetS was greatly higher in night shift workers who were exposed to an earthquake during infancy than in day shift workers (χ2 = 8.053, p = 0.005). A multivariate logistic regression analysis displayed male participants had a higher risk develop MetS than female participants (p = 0.042, OR = 0.368, 95% CI = 0.140, 0.965). Current smokers (p = 0.030, OR = 1.520, 95%CI = 1.042, 2.218) and participants who sleep fewer than 7 h per night (p = 0.015, OR = 1.638, 95%CI = 1.101, 2.437) had a higher risk of MetS. Prenatal earthquake stress was also a risk element for MetS (p = 0.012, OR = 1.644, 95%CI = 1.115, 2.423). The risk of MetS is significantly higher in night shift workers exposed to earthquake stress during infancy than day shift workers. Earthquake exposure during pregnancy is an independent risk factor for MetS. Smoking and sleeping less than 7 h have a higher risk of MetS than the control group.

Association between work characteristics and epigenetic age acceleration: cross-sectional results from UK - Understanding Society study.

Occupation-related stress and work characteristics are possible determinants of social inequalities in epigenetic aging but have been little investigated. Here, we investigate the association of several work characteristics with epigenetic age acceleration (AA) biomarkers.The study population included employed and unemployed men and women (n = 631) from the UK Understanding Society study. We evaluated the association of employment and work characteristics related to job type, job stability; job schedule; autonomy and influence at work; occupational physical activity; and feelings regarding the job with four epigenetic age acceleration biomarkers (Hannum, Horvath, PhenoAge, GrimAge) and pace of aging (DunedinPoAm, DunedinPACE).We fitted linear regression models, unadjusted and adjusted for established risk factors, and found the following associations for unemployment (years of acceleration): HorvathAA (1.51, 95% CI 0.08, 2.95), GrimAgeAA (1.53, 95% CI 0.16, 2.90) and 3.21 years for PhenoAA (95% CI 0.89, 5.33). Job insecurity increased PhenoAA (1.83, 95% CI 0.003, 3.67), while working at night was associated with an increase of 2.12 years in GrimAgeAA (95% CI 0.69, 3.55). We found effects of unemployment to be stronger in men and effects of night shift work to be stronger in women.These results provide evidence of associations between unemployment with accelerated ageing and suggest that insecure employment and night work may also increase age acceleration. Our findings have implications for policies relating to current changes in working conditions and highlight the utility of biological age biomarkers in studies in younger populations without long-term health information.