Effect Of Nano-titanium Dioxide Research Articles

The toxicological effects of nano titanium dioxide on target organs and mechanisms of toxicity.

Nano-titanium dioxide (TiO2 NPs) is widely used for its extremely high stability, corrosion resistance, and photocatalytic properties and has penetrated into various fields of production and life. Assessing its toxicity to different organs should be a key part of preclinical toxicity assessment of TiO2 NPs, which is relatively incomprehensive yet. Therefore, this review focuses on the toxic effects of TiO2 NPs on various organs in mammals and biological mechanisms from different organs. The commonality of toxic effects on various target organs reflected in tissue structure damage and dysfunction, such as liver damage and dysfunction; pulmonary fibrosis; and renal impairment (including hematuria and nephritis); damage of brain tissue and neurons; alteration of intestinal villi; and weight loss. And effects on the reproductive system are affected by different sexes, including ovarian dysfunction, testicular development damage, and sperm viability reduction. We believe that the toxic mechanisms of TiO2 NPs in target organs have commonalities, such as oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, and organelle damage. However, different target organ toxicities also have their specificities. TiO2 NPs disturb the intestinal flora and cause undesirable changes in feces products. And in spleen are infiltration of neutrophils and lymphadenopathy and eventually immune deficiency. Although the toxic pathways are different, but there may be a close link between the different toxic pathways. In this article, the main manifestations of the toxic effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on major mammalian organs are reviewed, in order to provide basic data for their better application from a medical perspective.

Antimicrobial effects of nano titanium dioxide and disinfectants on maxillofacial silicones

Statement of problemDeficient hygiene of maxillofacial prostheses can be a source of infection, and various disinfectants, including nano-oxides, have been suggested for the disinfection of silicone prostheses. While maxillofacial silicones involving nano-oxides at different sizes and concentrations have been evaluated in terms of their mechanical and physical properties, reports are lacking on the antimicrobial effect of nano titanium dioxide (TiO2) incorporated into maxillofacial silicones contaminated by different biofilms. PurposeThe purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the antimicrobial effects of 6 different disinfectants and nano TiO2 incorporation into maxillofacial silicone contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans biofilms. Material and methodsA total of 258 silicone specimens (129 pure silicones and 129 nano TiO2-incorporated silicones) were fabricated. Specimens in each silicone group (with or without nano TiO2) were divided into 7 disinfectant groups (control, 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate, 4% chlorhexidine gluconate, 1% sodium hypochlorite, neutral soap, 100% white vinegar, and effervescent) in each biofilm group. Contaminated specimens were disinfected, and the suspension of each specimen was incubated at 37 °C for 24 hours. Proliferated colonies were recorded in colony-forming units per mL (CFU/mL). The differences in microbial levels among specimens were evaluated to test the effect of the type of silicone and the disinfectant (α=.05). ResultsSignificant difference was found among disinfectants regardless of the silicone type (P<.05). Nano TiO2 incorporation showed an antimicrobial effect on S aureus, E coli, and C albicans biofilms. Nano TiO2 incorporated silicone cleaned with 4% chlorhexidine gluconate had statistically less C albicans than pure silicone. Using white vinegar or 4% chlorhexidine gluconate led to no E coli on either silicone. Nano TiO2 incorporated silicone cleaned with effervescent had fewer S aureus or C albicans biofilms. ConclusionsThe tested disinfectants and nano TiO2 incorporation into silicone were effective against most of the microorganisms used in this study.

Kritička procjena učinka nanotitanijeva dioksida na svojstva betona

Recent advances in nanotechnology in various fields demonstrate tremendous promise for resolving a wide variety of problems. Nanotechnology has been shown to improve the efficiency of conventional building materials such as concrete. Numerous types of nanoparticles, such as nano-titanium dioxide, are being used to significantly improve the efficiency, longevity, and sustainability of concrete. This paper summarises prior research on the effect of nano-titanium dioxide on a variety of properties, including heat of hydration, workability, setting time, chemical shrinkage, mechanical strength, abrasion resistance, fire resistance, and freeze/thaw resistance. Water absorption, chloride penetration, and permeability are all low in conventional plain or blended cement systems. Additionally, the matrix containing nano-titanium dioxide is compared in this study to a matrix containing other nanoparticles. Civil engineers can use this paper as a quick reference.

Effects of Nano‐Titanium Dioxide and Mentha piperita Essential Oil on Physicochemical, Mechanical, and Optical Properties of Cassava Starch Film

AbstractThe objective of this study is to investigate the synergistic effects of nano titanium dioxide (TiO2‐N) and Mentha piperita essential oil (MEO) on cassava starch film characteristics. Cassava starch films with TiO2‐N (1%, 3%, and 5% of dried starch) and MEO (1%, 2%, and 3% of dried starch) are prepared by a casting method. Physicochemical, mechanical, barrier, and optical properties of the films are evaluated. The moisture content, solubility, water absorption capacity, water vapor permeability, and transparency of films significantly decrease with the incorporation of TiO2‐N and MEO. The color of bionanocomposite films is darker, yellower, and redder than that of the control film. The highest tensile strength (23.39 MPa), highest Young's modulus (39.51 MPa), and lowest elongation (6.63%) are observed in the film containing 5% TiO2‐N and 1% MEO. The incorporation of TiO2‐N and MEO reduces the percentage of UV transmitted from films. In summary, the results show that the combination of TiO2‐N and MEO improves the starch film characteristics, and these bionanocomposite films could be used for food packaging or coating.

Effect of nano titanium dioxide in intumescent fireproof coating on thermal performance and char morphology

This research study was performed in the effects of nano material in intumescent fireproof coating on thermal performance and char morphology. The nanomaterials were synthesized via hydrothermal process by using rutile, ilmenite and leucoxene minerals compare titanium dioxide for protective the steel structure in cause of a fire, which has insulation properties. The intumescent fireproof coating was contained thermoplastic acrylic resin, fire retardant agents and organic filler to evaluate its effect thermal performance and char formation. The tests were performance and characterization in a furnace accordance with ASTM E-119 fire test of building construction and material standard, with temperatures 538, 704, 843, 927 and 1,010° C for 5, 10, 30, 60 and 120 min. The foam structure of intumescent fireproof coating has been observed using scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results showed that the addition of nano titanium dioxide from all 3 type of minerals in amount 1.0% using SEM analyze it was found that the porosity and the large expands of the volume which the increasing porous affects insulate of fireproofing coating and the height expansion. It’s suggested that nano titanium dioxide can improve thermal performance properties and significantly effect of porous and continuous the char formation if incorporated as flame retardant filler in suitable intumescent paints.

Effect of Nano-Titanium Dioxide Contained in Titania-Polyurea Coating on Marina Biofouling and Drag Reduction.

Marine structures often suffer from biofouling, which may lead to macrofouling by marine animals like marine worms and barnacles, weighing down the structures and increasing the drag. This paper analyses the effect of the newly fabricated biological anti-adhesion Titania-Polyurea spray coating, which can effectively reduce biofouling from enriching on the surface. Through the surface characterization, bioassays and micro-channel drag-reduction test, the antibacterial effect caused by the nano-titanium dioxide is systematically studied. Compared to the different weight percentages of nano-TiO₂ in the coating system, the photocatalytic activity, riblet surface structure and hydrophobic wettability are supposed to be the key factors to reduce the flow resistance at a drag reduction rate of 3.0% and further enhance the anti-biofouling performance under dark conditions.

Effect of Nano-Titanium Dioxide on Blood-Testis Barrier and MAPK Signaling Pathway in Male Mice.

Some studies have found that nano-sized titanium dioxide (nano-TiO2) has adverse effects on the male reproductive system. Blood-testis barrier (BTB), as one of the tightest blood-tissue restriction, is crucial to the male reproductive system. However, the potential effects on BTB and signaling pathway changes in testis tissue induced by nano-TiO2 remain poorly understood. Therefore, in this study, 60 Institute of Cancer Research mice were divided randomly into four groups (per group = 15). The mice of four groups were intragastrically administered with 0, 10, 50, and 100mg/kg BW nano-TiO2 respectively for 30days to analyze the changes of BTB structure, BTB-related proteins, and MAPK signal pathways. Besides, testosterone level, estradiol level, and sperm parameter (sperm count, sperm motility, and sperm malformation rate) changes were also studied in this research. The results indicated that nano-TiO2 could induce the BTB structural damage and accompanied by the BTB main protein (ZO-1, Claudin-11, and F-actin) elevation of irritability. Nano-TiO2 could also activate the MAPK signaling pathways (p38, JNK, and ERK) of mice testis tissue. The testosterone and estradiol levels in serum reduced. Besides when the mice were administered with nano-TiO2, we also found the sperm motility rate decreased, and sperm malformation increased. The above changes may be associated with BTB damage and the activation of MAPK signaling pathways, thereby causing male reproductive dysfunction.

Effect of nano titanium dioxide on mechanical properties of regenerated silk

Silk and spider silk have excellent mechanical properties, and their superior physical properties are closely related to their complex structure. Here, we reported the wet spinning behavior of nanomaterials mixed with silk proteins and study the effect of the different sizes of TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) on the mechanical properties of regenerated silk. Our study retained silk protein nanofibers in CaCl2-FA solution, and optimized the wet spinning process, and produced high-quality regenerated silk fiber (RSF) with excellent mechanical properties by using TiO2 NPs. Among them, when the TiO2 NPs of 5-10 nm was 4 mg/g(TiO2 NPs/Silk Fibroin(SF)), the tensile stress of the RSF reached at 312.44 ± 20.31 MPa, which is 113.11% higher than the control group; the tensile strain reached 46.55 ± 2.76%, which is 152.85% higher than the control group. And the secondary structure conformation of RSF tended to transform from silk I to silk II, and its β-sheet content was 47.27 ± 0.25%. We found that the mechanical properties of RSF decreased with the size of TiO2 NPs increased. This may be due to the smaller the size of TiO2 NPs and the larger the specific surface area, which can provide more binding sites between TiO2 NPs and silk proteins, and also transformed the RSF conformation from silk I to silk II. The characteristics of this spinning method are simple operation, environmentally friendly, low cost, and large-scale industrialization potential. The method of producing RSF has great potential in the production of textiles and multifunctional materials.

Influence of nano TiO2 on strength and durability properties of geopolymer concrete

Geopolymer concrete (GPC) is treated as an ecologically pure construction material because cement is completely retrieved by pozzolanic materials that are abundant in alumina and silica. GPC is actuated with alkaline liquids to begin as a binder in concrete. Geopolymer concrete evince many outstanding properties just as rapid strength, less shrinkage, and less creep, better resistance against sulphate and chloride attacks. The current review is to explore the effect of nano titanium dioxide (nano-TiO 2 ) on fly ash based geopolymer concrete (FAGPC) with oven curing at 60 0 c for 48 hrs. As an initial study, GPC with 10 M was carried out for dissimilar ratios of sodium silicate (Na 2 SiO 3 ) to sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solutions between 1.5 and 3.5. Out of all mixes, alkaline activator ratio harmonize to the highest compressive strength was ascertained at 2.5. This ratio was kept constant for further study in GPC carried out by replacing fly ash with nano TiO 2 between 1% and 5%. For all mixes of GPC with and without nano titanium dioxide, mechanical and durability properties were observed and evaluated. The test results depict that, percentage increase of nano TiO 2 , gives rise to decline in workability and improves strength properties of concrete. The maximum strength enrichment was noticed when 5% of nano-TiO 2 was incorporated in GPC. As percentage of nano TiO 2 hiked in GPC, the results of RCPT, Water absorption and Sorptivity decreased. All these GPC specimens are immersed individually in 5% magnesium sulphate and 5% sodium chloride to know the resistance of geopolymer concrete against sulphate and chloride attacks. Results of this study concluded that increase in nano TiO 2 percentage gives better performance against sulphate and chloride solutions. Change in microstructure and mineral phases of reference geopolymer concrete samples and maximum strength obtained geopolymer concrete samples containing nano TiO 2 was investigated using SEM and XRD analyses.

Effect of nano-TiO2 content on the flexural strength and compressive strength of dry-Mixing CDG-Slag based geopolymer paste

In this paper, the effects of nano-titanium dioxide (TiO2) content on the 28-day flexural strength and 28-day compressive strength of Completely decomposed granite (CDG) and slag based geopolymer paste was investigated, using the dry-mixing method. The calcium hydroxide, sodium carbonate and solid sodium silicate were used as the alkali activator. The results show that with the increase of nano-titanium dioxide content increasing from 0 to 2.0%, the compressive strength and flexural strength gradually increase. In addition, the surface of geopolymer paste gradually became smooth. What’s more, the geopolymer paste microstructure was characterized by using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX) Microanalysis, details of the research process and analysis are presented throughout the paper.

Rheological characterization of Nanocomposite modified asphalt binder

Increase in traffic loading on pavement structures has necessitated use of asphalt with high durability, resistant to permanent deformation and most significantly higher service life of pavements. Rutting at high temperature and fatigue cracking under repeated loading are the major structural distresses in asphalt pavements. In some regions the base binder fails to serve the required purpose and their properties need to be modified by adding suitable materials. Nano-materials have unique properties which have led to increased interest of its use as an additive to asphalt binder. Therefore, in this study the effects of Nano titanium dioxide (TiO2) used as second modifier to modify polymer modified asphalt (PMA) binder have been investigated. Frequency sweep, temperature sweep, Linear Amplitude Sweep (LAS) and Multiple Stress Creep Recovery (MSCR) tests were carried out. The results showed that addition of Nano-TiO2 in PMA results in overall enhancement of properties of asphalt binder.

Influence of Nano Titanium Dioxide and Clove Oil on Chitosan-Starch Film Characteristics.

The combined effects of nano titanium dioxide (TiO2-N) and clove oil (CO) on the physico-chemical, biological and structural properties of chitosan (CH)/starch (ST) films were investigated by using a solvent casting method. Results indicated that the incorporation of TiO2-N could improve the compactness of the film, increase the tensile strength (TS) and antioxidant activity, and decrease the water vapour permeability (WVP). As may be expected, the incorporation of CO into the film matrix decreased TS but increased the hydrophobicity as well as water vapour barrier antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) data supported intermolecular interactions between TiO2-N, CO and the film matrix. Use of a scanning electron microscope (SEM) showed that TiO2-N and CO were well dispersed and emulsified in the film network. Thermogravimetric (TG) and derivative thermogravimetric (DTG) curves demonstrated that TiO2-N and CO were well embedded in the film matrix, hence this blend film system could provide new formulation options for food packaging materials in the future.

The photocatalytic degradation of organic dyes in the nanotitanium dioxide-polyester based nonwoven fibers

Nanocomposite fiber of titanium dioxide and polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) were prepared by spunbond process. The effect of nanotitanium dioxide (TiO2) contents on the morphology, thermal properties, mechanical properties and photocatalytic degradation of organic dyes were also investigated. The PBT/TiO2 nanocomposite fibers were obtained from single screw extruder and then nonwoven form was produced from Hills: Lab Scale spunbond at various contents of TiO2 (1wt%, 3wt%, 5wt% and 10wt%). The results of the nonwoven from X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed that TiO2 were good compatibility with PBT composite fibers. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed the formation of good compatibility of TiO2 in nonwoven. The photocatalytic characteristic of the nonwoven fibers was studied throughout self-cleaning properties by using methylene blue and methyl orange. It was found that the presence of contents of TiO2 in the PBT nonwoven showed significantly the improvement of the self-cleaning properties under UV-A radiation.

Toxicity of nanotitanium dioxide (TiO2-NP) on human monocytes and their mitochondria.

The effect of nanotitanium dioxide (TiO2-NP) in human monocytes is still unknown. Therefore, an understanding of probable cytotoxicity of TiO2-NP on human monocytes and underlining the mechanisms involved is of significant interest. The aim of this study was to assess the cytotoxicity of TiO2-NP on human monocytes. Using biochemical and flow cytometry assessments, we demonstrated that addition of TiO2-NP at 10μg/ml concentration to monocytes induced cytotoxicity following 12h. The TiO2-NP-induced cytotoxicity on monocytes was associated with intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) collapse, lysosomal membrane injury, lipid peroxidation, and depletion of glutathione. According to our results, TiO2-NP triggers oxidative stress and organelles damages in monocytes which are important cells in defense against foreign agents. Finally, our findings suggest that use of antioxidants and mitochondrial/lysosomal protective agents could be of benefit for the people in the exposure with TiO2-NP.

Histological investigation of the effects of nano titanium dioxide on the development of the first mandibular molar bud in NMRI mouse strain in vivo

Histological investigation of the effects of nano titanium dioxide on the development of the first mandibular molar bud in NMRI mouse strain in vivo

Effect of nano-titanium dioxide on mechanical and electrical properties and microstructure of reactive powder concrete

Nano-titanium dioxide (NT) was introduced into reactive powder concrete (RPC) to prepare NT reinforced RPC (NTRRPC) in this study. The mechanical and electrical properties and microstructure of NTRRPC were investigated. Research results indicate that NT can accelerate the hydration of RPC at early ages due to its nucleation effect. Cement hydration degree is free from the inclusion of NT at the curing age of 28 d. However, x-ray powder diffraction (XRD) analysis and scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation confirm that the nucleation effect of NT not only can reduce the orientation degree of calcium hydroxide (CH), but also can restrict the size of CH. Hence, NT may also benefit to enhance the strength at late age. The flexural and compressive strengths of NTRRPC at age of 28 d achieve increases of 47.07% (relative increase rate)/3.62 MPa (the absolute increase) and 18.05%/18.42 MPa with respect to the control RPC, respectively. The compactedness model demonstrates that NT can improve the compactedness of RPC and reduce the porosity of RPC from 9.04% to 6.96%. SEM observations suggest that the NT can refine the pores and micro cracks of the RPC by its filling effect, which is in accordance with the result of compactedness model. In addition, the addition of NT can improve the electrically conductivity property of RPC and make a 13.61% decrease in the electrical resistivity of RPC.

Effect of nano titanium dioxide on heavy oil recovery during polymer flooding

ABSTRACTIn recent years, polymer flood of heavy oil has been extensively studied in laboratories and successfully applied in several fields. Polymer flooding is the most successful chemical enhanced oil recovery method. However, still, the need for a large amount of polymer, leading to high operational costs, presents a big challenge in technologies. This challenge can be addressed by considering the newly emerging nanomaterials. In this work, the author focuses on roles of TiO2 nanoparticles on polymer viscosity and improve recovery in heavy oil recovery. He present the results obtained from a coreflood experiment with polymer injection in heavy oil at 1320 mPa.sec viscosity. Nanopolymer exhibits an outstanding flow behavior and enhanced oil recovery performance in coreflood displacement tests compared to base polymers. The results indicate that polymer flooding with higher viscosity can significantly improve oil recovery. Flooding test showed about 4% increase in oil recovery for nanopolymer solution in comparison with polymer solution after one pore volume fluid injection.

The effect of nano-titanium dioxide on the self-cleaning properties of TiO2-PP composite fibers

This study aims to synthesis the self-cleaning fibers. The nano-titanium dioxide (<TEX>$TiO_2$</TEX>) were blend with the polypropylene (grade 561R) at 1wt%, 3wt%, 5wt%, 10wt%, 15wt% and 20wt%. The <TEX>$TiO_2$</TEX>-fibers were obtained from single screw extruder. The mechanical, thermal, rheology and self-cleaning properties were also investigated. The results showed that the tensile strength of the <TEX>$nTiO_2$</TEX>-PP fibers decreased with increasing of the amount of <TEX>$TiO_2$</TEX>. The presents of the <TEX>$TiO_2$</TEX> in the PP fibers significantly showed the improving of the self-cleaning properties under sunlight and 20 watt of UV radiation. The <TEX>$TiO_2$</TEX>-PP fibers in presents of <TEX>$TiO_2$</TEX> 20wt% showed the best results of self-cleaning under 5 hours of the sunlight which the similar results were found under 5 hours of 20 watts of UV radiation.

The effects of Nano titanium dioxide (TiO2NPs) on lung tissue.

The application of nanoparticles is widely spread in all aspects of modern life because of their unique features such as small size and high surface area. High surface area can be very reactive and produce reactive oxygen species (ROS). These nanoparticles can damage human and animal cells by increasing oxidative stress mechanism. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs) are among the top five nanoparticles used in consumer products, paints, and pharmaceutical preparations.TiO2 NPs have various capabilities such as robust oxidation, biocompatibility and photocatalytic properties. They are frequently used in a wide range of sciences, including pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, medicine and engineering. The ever increasing industrial and consumer applications of TiO2NPs raise concern over the possible risk association with their environmental exposure. This study investigates the effects of TiO2NP on lung tissue by intraperitoneal injection to rats at different doses (15, 30, 60 and 70 mg/kg). Our results showed that intraperitoneal injection of TiO2NP creates capillary congestion and hemorrhage in alveolar wall, granulomas in lung parenchyma, and hemosiderin depositions in blood vessels adjacent to bronchioles without any inflammation. The pulmonary side effects could be due to the production of ROS post TiO2NP exposure (Tab. 1, Fig. 5, Ref. 27). Text in PDF www.elis.sk.

Investigation of synergistic effect of nano sized Ag/TiO2 particles on antibacterial, physical and mechanical properties of UV-curable clear coatings by experimental design

Abstract The synergistic effect of nano titanium dioxide (10 and 30 nm) and nano silver (10 nm) as antibacterial agents were investigated on UV curable clear coating. Antibacterial and physical–mechanical properties of coating were optimized using experimental design in response surface method. Twenty different samples of nano Ag and nano TiO 2 were prepared in this method. Antibacterial properties on Gram-negative bacteria ( Escherichia coli ) were investigated. The results revealed that using equal amounts of two sizes of nano TiO 2 promote the antibacterial activity of nano Ag. So, the coating shows strong activity against E. coli . Physical–mechanical properties such as surface hardness, abrasion resistance, scratch resistance and gloss of the coating were evaluated. The results depicted appropriate physical–mechanical properties. Also, scanning electron microscope (SEM), atomic force microscope (AFM) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy were used to study the effect of nano particles on coating properties.