Effects Of Molecular Hydrogen Research Articles

Effects of Molecular Hydrogen in the Pathophysiology and Management of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases.

Diet and lifestyle choices, notably the Western-type diet, are implicated in oxidative stress and inflammation, factors that elevate the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In contrast, the Mediterranean of diet, rich in antioxidants, appears to have protective effects against these risks. This article highlights the dual role of diet in generating molecular hydrogen ( ) in the gut, and 's subsequent influence on the pathophysiology and prevention of CVD and T2DM. Dietary fiber, flavonoids, and probiotics contribute to the production of liters of in the gut, functioning as antioxidants to neutralize free radicals and dampen inflammation. In the last two decades, mounting evidence has demonstrated that both endogenously produced and exogenously administered , whether via inhalation or -rich water (HRW), have potent anti-inflammatory effects across a wide range of biochemical and pathophysiological processes. Recent studies indicate that can neutralize hydroxyl and nitrosyl radicals, acting as a cellular antioxidant, thereby reducing oxidative stress and inflammation-leading to a significant decline in CVDs and metabolic diseases. Clinical and experimental research support the therapeutic potential of interventions such as HRW in managing CVDs and metabolic diseases. However, larger studies are necessary to verify the role of therapy in the management of these chronic diseases.

Exploration of the structural mechanism of hydrogen (H2)-promoted horseradish peroxidase (HRP) activity via multiple spectroscopic and molecular dynamics simulation techniques

Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) is an enzyme that is widely used in various fields. In this study, the effects of molecular hydrogen (H2) on the activity and structural characteristics of HRP were investigated by employing multiple spectroscopic techniques, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The results demonstrated that H2 could enhance HRP activity, especially in 1.5 mg/L hydrogen-rich water (HRW). The structural analysis results showed that H2 might alter HRP activity by affecting the active sites, secondary structure, hydrogen bonding network, CS groups, and morphological characteristics. The MD results also confirmed that H2 could increase the FeN bond distance in the active site, affect the secondary structure, and increase the number of hydrogen bonds. The MD results further suggested that H2 could increase the number of salt bridges, and lengthen the SS bonds in HRP. This study primarily revealed the mechanism by which H2 enhances the HRP activity, providing insight into the interactions between gas and macromolecular proteins. However, some of the results obtained via MD simulations still need to be verified experimentally. In addition, our study also provided a new convenient strategy to enhance enzyme activity.

Molecular Hydrogen Treatment of Sake Yeast and kuratsuki Bacteria Affects Sake Taste

To the best of our knowledge, there are no studies on the effects of molecular hydrogen (H2) on microorganisms. In this study, we performed co-culture experiments using two microorganisms involved in sake brewing: sake yeast strain K1401 and the kuratsuki bacterium Kocuria strain TGY1127_2. The cells were suspended in water or water containing H2 and statically incubated at 4 °C for 2 h before co-culture. Sake taste was estimated using a taste sensor. The taste of sake was affected by H2 treatment of kuratsuki Kocuria as well as sake yeast. These results strongly suggest that H2 treatment alters the physiology of kuratsuki bacteria and sake yeast. We showed that sake undergoes H2 treatment of the microorganisms involved in sake brewing to boost its variety and meet the market demand.

Different effects of hydrogen-rich water intake and hydrogen gas inhalation on gut microbiome and plasma metabolites of rats in health status

The potential for preventive and therapeutic applications of H2 have now been confirmed in various disease. However, the effects of H2 on health status have not been fully elucidated. Our previous study reported changes in the body weight and 13 serum biochemical parameters during the six-month hydrogen intervention. To obtain a more comprehensive understanding of the effects of long-term hydrogen consumption, the plasma metabolome and gut microbiota were investigated in this study. Compared with the control group, 14 and 10 differential metabolites (DMs) were identified in hydrogen-rich water (HRW) and hydrogen inhalation (HI) group, respectively. Pathway enrichment analysis showed that HRW intake mainly affected starch and sucrose metabolism, and DMs in HI group were mainly enriched in arginine biosynthesis. 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that HRW intake induced significant changes in the structure of gut microbiota, while no marked bacterial community differences was observed in HI group. HRW intake mainly induced significant increase in the abundance of Lactobacillus, Ruminococcus, Clostridium XI, and decrease in Bacteroides. HI mainly induced decreased abundances of Blautia and Paraprevotella. The metabolic function was determined by metabolic cage analysis and showed that HI decreased the voluntary intake and excretions of rats, while HRW intake did not. The results of this study provide basic data for further research on hydrogen medicine. Determination of the effects of hydrogen intervention on microbiota profiles could also shed light on identification of mechanism underlying the biological effects of molecular hydrogen.

Effects of molecular hydrogen on dysbiosis and intestinal inflammation in high fat diet-loaded senescence-accelerated mice

Effects of molecular hydrogen on dysbiosis and intestinal inflammation in high fat diet-loaded senescence-accelerated mice

Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms Associated with Effects of Molecular Hydrogen in Cardiovascular and Central Nervous Systems

The increased production of reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress are important factors contributing to the development of diseases of the cardiovascular and central nervous systems. Molecular hydrogen is recognized as an emerging therapeutic, and its positive effects in the treatment of pathologies have been documented in both experimental and clinical studies. The therapeutic potential of hydrogen is attributed to several major molecular mechanisms. This review focuses on the effects of hydrogen on the cardiovascular and central nervous systems, and summarizes current knowledge about its actions, including the regulation of redox and intracellular signaling, alterations in gene expressions, and modulation of cellular responses (e.g., autophagy, apoptosis, and tissue remodeling). We summarize the functions of hydrogen as a regulator of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-mediated redox signaling and the association of hydrogen with mitochondria as an important target of its therapeutic action. The antioxidant functions of hydrogen are closely associated with protein kinase signaling pathways, and we discuss possible roles of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) and Wnt/β-catenin pathways, which are mediated through glycogen synthase kinase 3β and its involvement in the regulation of cellular apoptosis. Additionally, current knowledge about the role of molecular hydrogen in the modulation of autophagy and matrix metalloproteinases-mediated tissue remodeling, which are other responses to cellular stress, is summarized in this review.

Molecular hydrogen upregulates heat shock response and collagen biosynthesis, and downregulates cell cycles: meta-analyses of gene expression profiles

Molecular hydrogen exerts its effect on multiple pathologies, including oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. However, its molecular mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. In order to explore the effects of molecular hydrogen, we meta-analysed gene expression profiles modulated by molecular hydrogen. We performed microarray analysis of the mouse liver with or without drinking hydrogen water. We also integrated two previously reported microarray datasets of the rat liver into meta-analyses. We used two categories of meta-analysis methods: the cross-platform method and the conventional meta-analysis method (Fisher’s method). For each method, hydrogen-modulated pathways were analysed by (i) the hypergeometric test (HGT) in the class of over-representation analysis (ORA), (ii) the gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) in the class of functional class scoring (FCS), and (iii) the signalling pathway impact analysis (SPIA), pathway regulation score (PRS), and others in the class of pathway topology-based approach (PTA).Pathways in the collagen biosynthesis and the heat-shock response were up-regulated according to (a) HGT with the cross-platform method, (b) GSEA with the cross-platform method, and (c) PRS with the cross-platform method. Pathways in cell cycles were down-regulated according to (a) HGT with the cross-platform method, (b) GSEA with the cross-platform method, and (d) GSEA with the conventional meta-analysis method.Because the heat-shock response leads to up-regulation of collagen biosynthesis and a transient arrest of cell cycles, induction of the heat-shock response is likely to be a primary event induced by molecular hydrogen in the liver of wild-type rodents.

Propylene Polymerization using Dimethylsilanediylbis[2-methyl-4-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-1-indenyl] Zirconium Dichloride/Methylaluminoxane Catalyst System Immobilized on Sylopol 643 and Sylopol 633

Two different commercial silica materials including Sylopol 643 and Sylopol 633 were used as support materials for the preparation of heterogenous dimethylsilanediylbis[2-methyl-4-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-1-indenyl] zirconium dichloride catalyst. The support materials were calcinated at two different temperatures under heating rate of 2 °C/min before treatment with methylaluminoxane (MAO). The effects of molecular hydrogen and Al/Zr ratio on polymer properties were considered. The catalyst system derived from Sylopol 643 exhibits higher catalyst activity than that of Sylopol 633. Uniform immobilization of MAO is achieved using Sylopol 643. Polymer particle growth characteristics and particle distribution depends strongly on the silica support used. Sylopol 633 produced higher fine level than Sylopol 643.

Molecular hydrogen alleviates motor deficits and muscle degeneration in mdx mice

Objective: Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a devastating muscle disease caused by a mutation in DMD encoding dystrophin. Oxidative stress accounts for dystrophic muscle pathologies in DMD. We examined the effects of molecular hydrogen in mdx mice, a model animal for DMD.Methods: The pregnant mother started to take supersaturated hydrogen water (>5 ppm) ad libitum from E15.5 up to weaning of the offspring. The mdx mice took supersaturated hydrogen water from weaning until age 10 or 24 weeks when they were sacrificed.Results: Hydrogen water prevented abnormal body mass gain that is commonly observed in mdx mice. Hydrogen improved the spontaneous running distance that was estimated by a counter-equipped running-wheel, and extended the duration on the rota-rod. Plasma creatine kinase activities were decreased by hydrogen at ages 10 and 24 weeks. Hydrogen also decreased the number of central nuclei of muscle fibers at ages 10 and 24 weeks, and immunostaining for nitrotyrosine in gastrocnemius muscle at age 24 weeks. Additionally, hydrogen tended to increase protein expressions of antioxidant glutathione peroxidase 1, as well as anti-apoptotic Bcl-2, in skeletal muscle at age 10 weeks.Discussion: Although molecular mechanisms of the diverse effects of hydrogen remain to be elucidated, hydrogen potentially improves muscular dystrophy in DMD patients.

Clinical Effects of Hydrogen Administration: From Animal and Human Diseases to Exercise Medicine

Here we review the literature on the effects of molecular hydrogen (H2) on normal human subjects and patients with a variety of diagnoses, such as metabolic, rheumatic, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative and other diseases, infections and physical and radiation damage as well as effects on aging and exercise. Although the effects of H2 have been studied in multiple animal models of human disease, such studies will not be reviewed in depth here. H2 can be administered as a gas, in saline implants or infusions, as topical solutions or baths or by drinking H2-enriched water. This latter method is the easiest and least costly method of administration. There are no safety issues with hydrogen; it has been used for years in gas mixtures for deep diving and in numerous clinical trials without adverse events, and there are no warnings in the literature of its toxicity or long-term exposure effects. Molecular hydrogen has proven useful and convenient as a novel antioxidant and modifier of gene expression in many conditions where oxidative stress and changes in gene expression result in cellular damage.

Molecular hydrogen as an emerging therapeutic medical gas for neurodegenerative and other diseases.

Effects of molecular hydrogen on various diseases have been documented for 63 disease models and human diseases in the past four and a half years. Most studies have been performed on rodents including two models of Parkinson's disease and three models of Alzheimer's disease. Prominent effects are observed especially in oxidative stress-mediated diseases including neonatal cerebral hypoxia; Parkinson's disease; ischemia/reperfusion of spinal cord, heart, lung, liver, kidney, and intestine; transplantation of lung, heart, kidney, and intestine. Six human diseases have been studied to date: diabetes mellitus type 2, metabolic syndrome, hemodialysis, inflammatory and mitochondrial myopathies, brain stem infarction, and radiation-induced adverse effects. Two enigmas, however, remain to be solved. First, no dose-response effect is observed. Rodents and humans are able to take a small amount of hydrogen by drinking hydrogen-rich water, but marked effects are observed. Second, intestinal bacteria in humans and rodents produce a large amount of hydrogen, but an addition of a small amount of hydrogen exhibits marked effects. Further studies are required to elucidate molecular bases of prominent hydrogen effects and to determine the optimal frequency, amount, and method of hydrogen administration for each human disease.

Effects of molecular hydrogen, water vapor, and high vacuum on the conductivity and magnetic properties of lanthanum-calcium manganite in the 78–300 K temperature range

The conductivity and magnetoresistance in a magnetic field of 0.5 T were studied for the first time in fused samples of a La0.67Ca0.33MnO3−α composition with variable oxygen nonstoichiometry (0.3≥α≥0) modified by exposure to H2, H2O vapor, and high vacuum (10−4 Pa).

Palladium-Catalyzed Hydroesterification of Alkenes in the Presence of Molecular Hydrogen

The effects of molecular hydrogen on the palladium-catalyzed alkene-alcohol-carbon monoxide and alkene-formate reactions have been studied. Yields of esters were generally increased, especially in the alkene-formate reaction, in which an improvement up to 46% yield has been observed. A possible explanation is proposed in which the molecular hydrogen promotes the oxidative addition of formate to palladium. Decarbonylation of formate ester is unlikely to be the initial step.

The Interstellar Medium in the Line of Sight to X Persei and 3U 0352 + 30

The X-ray absorption column of 3U 0352+30 obtained with the Copernicus X-ray telescopes is compared with the atomic and molecular hydrogen column densities in the line of sight to X Per, as measured with the Copernicus ultraviolet telescopes, and with the visible reddening of X Per, by means of reddening/X-ray absorption-column relationships. The results are consistent with both the star and X-ray source being equidistant. When comparing X-ray absorbing column densities with those derived by other means, it is necessary to include the effects of molecular hydrogen in the line of sight to X Per and, in particular, the related number of medium-weight elements. It is suggested that failure to do this in previous work may account for reported discrepancies between the X-ray and radio column densities to the Crab Nebula and other sources. The far-ultraviolet extinction curve of X Per is presented.