Effects Of Modafinil Research Articles

Comparison of the effectiveness of modafinil and methylphenidate in treatment of excessive daytime sleepiness in patients with Parkinson's disease.

Background: A large percentage of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) suffer from excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS). This study aims to compare the effectiveness of modafinil and methylphenidate on EDS and side effects. Methods: Fifty nine patients with PD and EDS [Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) more than 9] were recruited in a double-blind placebo controlled trial. Twenty-two patients received modafinil 200 mg daily, twenty-six patients received methylphenidate 10 mg daily, and 11 patients received placebo for 6 weeks. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and ESS were filled out at baseline and 6 weeks later. Results: There was no significant difference in demographics, PSQI, and ESS variables at baseline. The mean of ESS scores decreased significantly in modafinil (17.36 ± 5.05 vs. 10.55 ± 4.62, P < 0.001) and methylphenidate (16.27 ± 5.40 vs. 12.23 ± 6.28, P < 0.001) groups after 6-week trial, compared with control group (14.27 ± 4.49 vs. 14.09 ± 4.46, P = 0.710). The effectiveness of modafinil and methylphenidate on improving daytime sleepiness and night sleep of patients was not significantly different. Conclusion: Both modafinil and methylphenidate were effective drugs in improving EDS and quality of sleep without significant difference in efficiency and side effects.

Exploring the therapeutic potential of Modafinil in mitigating renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats.

Renal ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) is a post-ischemic event, which can lead to subsequent acute kidney injury (AKI), transplant failure, renal dysfunction and fibrosis via heightened oxidative stress and production of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. This study aims to assess the effect of Modafinil, a wake-promoting agent with previously proven anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties, on ameliorating renal IRI. A total of 30 male Wistar rats were divided into five groups: Sham-operated group, ischemia reperfusion (I/R) control group and Modafinil pre-treated groups (at different doses of 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg). IRI was induced by means of bilaterally clamping the renal arteries for 45 min, followed by 24 h of reperfusion. Tissue pathological assessments demonstrated a reduction of glomerular, vascular and interstitial injury at doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg of Modafinil. The biochemical studies showed a significant decrease in tissue pro-inflammatory factors, including tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), Interleukin-18 (IL-18) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Moreover, an elevation was observed in levels of super oxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase, indicating the reduction of oxidative stress. Furthermore, the levels of creatinine (Cr), urea and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) were declined, indicating the improvement in renal function at effective doses of Modafinil (50 and 100 mg/kg) compared to the I/R control group without Modafinil pre-treatment. Our findings suggest that Modafinil holds promise as an effective therapeutic agent to address the clinical challenges associated with kidney IRI reducing the need for hospitalization and potentially alleviating related morbidities.

Efficacy and Safety of Modafinil for Treatment of Amphetamine-Type Stimulant Use Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trials: Efficacité et innocuité du modafinil pour le traitement des troubles liés à l'usage de stimulants de type amphétamine : revue systématique et méta-analyse d'essais randomisés contrôlés par placebo.

Amphetamine-type stimulants (ATSs) are related to significant harm worldwide, with limited effective pharmacological treatments for ATS use disorder (ATSUD). Modafinil has been explored as a potential treatment for ATSUD. This systematic review and meta-analysis (PROSPERO ID: CRD42023388487) aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of modafinil for the treatment of ATSUD. A comprehensive search of major indexing sources and trial registries, from inception to search date, was conducted on February 15, 2023, and updated on October 31, 2023. Eligible studies were randomized placebo-controlled trials (RCTs) of modafinil in individuals meeting the criteria for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth and fifth editions, diagnoses of ATSUD. Eligible studies were assessed for risk of bias, using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. The primary outcome included the effect of modafinil on ATS use. Secondary outcomes included retention in treatment, ATS craving, treatment discontinuation due to adverse events (AEs), and serious AEs. Subgroup analysis by modafinil dose was conducted where appropriate. Risk ratio (RR) or Peto's odds ratio (OR) was calculated for the meta-analysis of dichotomous variables and standardized mean difference (SMD) was calculated for the random-effect meta-analysis of continuous variables. Five RCTs (N = 451 participants) were included. Modafinil did not significantly impact ATS use (RR = 0.99; 95% CI, 0.97 to 1.02; p = 0.655), retention in treatment (RR = 1.02; 95% CI, 0.91 to 1.14; p = 0.799), ATS craving (SMD = -0.36; 95% CI, -1.19 to 0.47; p = 0.398), or treatment discontinuation due to AEs (Peto's OR = 0.48; 95% CI, 0.20 to 1.14; p = 0.100). These results were consistent across subgroup analyses. More episodes of serious AEs were reported in the modafinil group than in the placebo group, at higher doses (Peto's OR = 4.80; 95% CI, 1.18 to 19.56, p = 0.029). There is currently no evidence suggesting that modafinil has a statistically significant effect on efficacy outcomes in populations with ATSUD. Continued research into effective treatments and harm reduction strategies for ATSUD is essential.

Evaluation of the effect of modafinil on the pharmacokinetics of encorafenib and binimetinib in patients with BRAF V600-mutant advanced solid tumors.

A clinical drug-drug interaction (DDI) study was designed to evaluate the effect of multiple doses of modafinil, a moderate CYP3A4 inducer at a 400mg QD dose, on the multiple oral dose pharmacokinetics (PK) of encorafenib and its metabolite, LHY746 and binimetinib and its metabolite, AR00426032. This study was conducted in patients with BRAF V600-mutant advanced solid tumors. Treatment of 400mg QD modafinil was given on Day 15 through Day 21. Encorafenib 450mg QD and binimetinib 45mg BID were administered starting on Day 1. PK sampling was conducted from 0 to 8h on Day 14 and Day 21. Exposure parameters were calculated for each patient by noncompartmental analysis and geometric least-squares mean ratio. Corresponding 90% confidence intervals were calculated to estimate the magnitude of effects. Among 11 PK evaluable patients, encorafenib Cmax and AUClast were decreased in presence of steady-state modafinil by 20.2% and 23.8%, respectively. LHY746 exposures were not substantially changed in the presence of steady-state modafinil. The results from this clinical study indicate modafinil 400mg QD had a weak effect on encorafenib PK. Based on these results, encorafenib can be coadministered with a moderate CYP3A4 inducer without dosing adjustment. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03864042, registered 6 March 2019.

Chronic administration of caffeine, modafinil, AVL-3288 and CX516 induces time-dependent complex effects on cognition and mood in an animal model of sleep deprivation

ObjectiveCaffeine and modafinil are used to reverse effects of sleep deprivation. Nicotinic alpha-7 receptor and AMPA receptor positive allosteric modulators (PAM) are also potential substances in this context. Our objective is to evaluate the effects of caffeine, modafinil, AVL-3288 (nicotinic alpha-7 PAM) and CX516 (AMPA receptor PAM) on cognition and mood in a model of sleep deprivation. MethodModified multiple platform model is used to sleep-deprive mice for 24 days, for 8 h/day. Vehicle, Modafinil (40 mg/kg), Caffeine (5 mg/kg), CX516 (10 mg/kg), and AVL3288 (1 mg/kg) were administered intraperitoneally daily. A cognitive test battery was applied every six days for four times. The battery that included elevated plus maze, novel object recognition, and sucrose preference tests was administered on consecutive days. ResultsSleep deprivation decreased novel object recognition skill, but no significant difference was found in anxiety and depressive mood. Caffeine administration decreased anxiety-like behavior in short term, but this effect disappeared in chronic administration. Caffeine administration increased memory performance in chronic period. AVL group showed better memory performance in short term, but this effect disappeared in the rest of experiment. Although, in the modafinil group, no significant change in mood and memory was observed, anhedonia was observed in the chronic period in vehicle, caffeine and modafinil groups, but not in AVL-3288 and CX-516 groups. ConclusionCaffeine has anxiolytic effect in acute administration. The improvement of memory in chronic period may be associated with the neuroprotective effects of caffeine. AVL-3288 had a short-term positive effect on memory, but tolerance to these effects developed over time. Furthermore, no anhedonia was observed in AVL-3288 and CX516 groups in contrast to vehicle, caffeine and modafinil groups. This indicates that AVL-3288 and CX516 may show protective effect against depression.

Evaluation of the effect of Modafinil in the improvement of the level of consciousness in patients with COVID-19 encephalopathy: A randomized controlled trial.

COVID-19 can lead to encephalopathy and loss of consciousness. This double-blinded randomized clinical trial conducted in Tehran, Iran, aimed to assess the potential effectiveness of modafinil in patients with COVID-19-related encephalopathy. Nineteen non-intubated COVID-19 patients with encephalopathy were randomized into two groups: a treatment group receiving crushed modafinil tablets and a placebo group receiving starch powder. Modafinil was administered at a dose of 100 mg every 2 h, reaching a peak dosage of 400 mg. The level of consciousness was assessed using the Glasgow Coma Score (GCS) at multiple time points on the day of medication administration. The trial was registered under IRCT20170903036041N3 on 23/5/2021. The average age in the modafinil and placebo groups was 75.33 and 70 years, respectively. No significant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of chronic conditions, clinical symptoms, or laboratory data. GCS scores were similar between the groups at baseline (p-value = 0.699). After four doses of modafinil, GCS scores were slightly higher in the treatment group, but this difference was not statistically significant (p-value = 0.581). GCS scores after each round of drug administration didn't significantly differ between the treatment and placebo groups (p-value = 0.908). Modafinil exhibited a slight improvement in the level of consciousness among COVID-19 patients with encephalopathy, although this improvement did not reach statistical significance when compared to the control group. Further research with larger sample sizes and longer treatment durations is recommended to explore modafinil's potential benefits in managing altered consciousness in COVID-19 patients.

Effects of modafinil on nocturnal sleep patterns in patients with narcolepsy: A cohort study

BackgroundPatients with narcolepsy often experience disturbed nighttime sleep. Modafinil is commonly prescribed for hypersomnolence, but its impacts on nocturnal sleep remain unclear. This study uses actigraphy to examine the effect of modafinil on both hypersomnolence and nocturnal sleep patterns in patients with narcolepsy. MethodsPrior to treatment, 87 patients with narcolepsy wore an actigraphy for 7–14 days to assess their nighttime sleep. After evaluation, they received a daily dose of 200–400 mg of modafinil in the morning and wore an actigraphy again six months after initiating treatment. Questionnaires, including the Epworth-Sleepiness-Scale (ESS), the Visual-Analogue-for-Hypersomnolence (VAS), and the Short-Form-36-Health-Survey (SF-36), were used to evaluate hypersomnolence and quality of life both before and after treatment. Paired t-tests and independent samples t-tests were used for pre- and post-treatment comparisons and subgroup analysis. We used the Pearson's correlation test to measure the correlations between the sleep parameters of the actigraphy and data of the questionnaires. ResultsImprovements in hypersomnolence were noted following modafinil treatment, and we observed no significant deterioration in nocturnal sleep parameters by the actigraphy. The total number of awakenings by actigraphy significantly decreased (p = 0.005), especially in females (p = 0.008), while sleep onset latency significantly increased in children/adolescents (p = 0.014). Correlations were found between the sleep parameters of the actigraphy and ESS, VAS, and SF-36 scores. ConclusionModafinil treatment may not worsen nighttime sleep in patients with narcolepsy. However, it should be administered with care in children and adolescents.

Comparison of effects of modafinil and caffeine on fatigue-vulnerable and fatigue-resistant aircrew after a limited period of sleep deprivation.

Introduction: Literature suggests pilots experience fatigue differently. So-called fatigue-resistant or -vulnerable individuals might also respond differently to countermeasures or stimulants. This study, which is part of a larger randomized controlled clinical trial, aims to investigate the effect of caffeine and modafinil on fatigue-resistant and -vulnerable pilots. Methods: This study included 32 healthy employees of the Royal Netherlands Air Force, who completed three test days, separated by at least 7days. After a regular work day, the subjects were randomly administered either 300mg caffeine, 200mg modafinil or placebo at midnight. Hereafter the subjects performed the psychomotor vigilance test (PVT), vigilance and tracking test (VigTrack) and Stanford sleepiness scale (SSS) six times until 8 a.m. the next day. Subjects were ranked on the average number of lapses on the PVT during the placebo night and divided into three groups: fatigue-vulnerable (FVUL), -intermediate (FINT) and -resistant (FRES), with 11, 10 and 11 subjects in each group, respectively. Area under the curve (AUC) of the PVT, VigTrack and SSS during the test nights were calculated, which were used in univariate factorial analysis of variance (ANOVA). Tukey's HSD post hoc tests were used to differentiate between the groups. Results: A significant effect of treatment was found in the ANOVA of both PVT parameters, VigTrack mean reaction time and SSS. There was a statistically significant effect of fatigue group on all PVT parameters and VigTrack mean percentage omissions, where FINT and FRES scored better than FVUL. There was a significant interaction effect between treatment and fatigue group for PVT number of lapses. This is congruent for the AUC analyses in which for all parameters (except for the SSS) the performance of the FVUL group was consistently worse than that of the FINT and FRES groups. Discussion: This study demonstrates that the performance of individuals with different fatigue tolerances are differently affected by simulants after a limited period of sleep deprivation. The classification of fatigue tolerance through PVT lapses when sleep deprived seems to be able to predict this.

Cerebellar-cortical connectivity in bipolar disorder: Exploring the regulatory action of modafinil

Bipolar and related disorders (BD) are characterized by frequent deregulation and changes in mood and energy states. The neurobiological mechanisms underlying these changes remain unknown. The cerebellum has recently demonstrated its role in emotional and behavioral regulation in psychiatric illnesses and may be an essential structure for mood regulation and clinical stabilization in bipolar disorder. Modafinil has demonstrated efficacy in improving and controlling symptoms of bipolar depression through its control of symptoms such as fatigue, drowsiness, and regulation of wakefulness levels. However, since this drug also showed effects on mood improvement and treated BD patients do not have an increased risk of manic episodes, it appears to have mood-stabilizing effects whose neurobiological mechanisms are not yet established. In this regard, recent research has demonstrated the modulating effect of modafinil on the connectivity of the cerebellum and cortex. This article explores the interaction between this effect and its possible interference in maintaining euthymia in bipolar disorder.

Effect of psychostimulant medications on physical function in children with cerebral palsy: scoping review.

The aim of this scoping review is to examine the extent and depth of the literature on effects of central nervous system (CNS) stimulant medications on physical function in children with cerebral palsy (CP). A systematic search for relevant peer-reviewed studies was conducted of PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane, SPORTDiscus, Embase, & Scopus (January 2002 & August 2022). We included studies that examined the effects of CNS stimulants on physical function in children with CP. Four studies met our selection criteria. All studies explored the effect of Modafinil on physical function outcomes. Three studies of the four included studies reported positive effects of Modafinil on spasticity, motor performance, and gait, whereas one study reported no significant effects of Modafinil. Our findings suggest that there is very low-quality evidence that suggests that Modafinil may enhance physical improvements in body structure and function, including reduction in spasticity and improvements in gait parameters. IMPACT: Central nervous system stimulants were examined for efficacy on physical function and spasticity in children with cerebral palsy. The evidence on the effects of central nervous system stimulants on physical function in children with CP is limited and inconsistent.

Effects of modafinil on epileptiform activity in absence epilepsy: Results of a study in WAG/Rij rats

Absence epilepsy (AE) presents with brief episodes of unconsciousness limited to generalized ∼3-Hz spike-and-wave complexes. Modafinil is a drug that is well-tolerated and is used to treat conditions such as hypersomnia, attention deficit disorder, and cocaine addiction. This study was conducted to explore how modafinil affects epileptiform activity in WAG/Rij. A total of 42 adult male WAG/Rij rats were used in this study. The rats were divided into six groups, each containing seven rats. Then, 1 ml/kg of 0.9% serum physiologic was given intraperitoneally (i.p.) to the control group, and modafinil (1 mg, 2 mg, 4 mg, 45 mg, and 180 mg/kg) was given i.p. to the other groups for 7 days. Electrocorticography (ECoG) was used for electrophysiological recording. The total number and mean duration of the SWDs were evaluated after injections of 0.9% serum physiologic solution and different doses of modafinil. There was a notable distinction observed between the control group and the modafinil group concerning the number and average duration of SWDs. Modafinil dose-dependently decreased the total overall count and average duration of SWDs compared to the control group at all doses (p < 0.001). Modafinil may play an important role in the prevention of epileptic seizures. Our results showed that modafinil may dose-dependently ameliorate the total SWD number and mean duration in WAG/Rij rats. Because this was the first study to investigate the effect of modafinil on AE in WAG/Rij rats, we believe that our data will form the basis for further research.

Neurochemical Effects of Methylphenidate and Modafinil in Ameliorating Stress-Induced Cognitive Deficits.

Chronic stressful situations result in altered monoaminergic activity of neurotransmitters, resulting in various conditions characterized by deficits in learning, memory and attention. Stimulant effects can be visualized in terms of increased cognitive abilities through enhancement of dopamine (DA) release. This study examined cognitive responses and brain DA and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT) levels after prolonged methylphenidate (MPH) and modafinil administration, to demonstrate their effect on stress-induced cognitive deficits in rats. Effects on cognition were evaluated by passive avoidance and water maze tests. Furthermore brain levels of DA, homovanillic acid (HVA), dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), 5HT and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5HIAA) were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrochemical detection. We found that both MPH and modafinil improved cognition in both restrained and unrestrained rats, as examined through water maze and passive avoidance tests. Furthermore, these substance were associated with increased brain DA and 5-HT levels. Notabily, we observed decrease in DOPAC and HVA levels, while 5-HIAA levels exhibited a slight increase. The prevention of stress-induced cognitive deficits by MPH and modafinil could be elucidated through the interaction between 5HT and DA in regulating cognitive function.

Modafinil's effects on cognition and sleep quality in affectively-stable patients with bipolar disorder: a pilot study.

Despite advances in the treatment of bipolar disorder (BD), most patients do not achieve complete inter-episode recovery and functional disability is common. During periods of relative remission, many patients continue to experience neurocognitive dysfunction, reduced daytime activity levels, and sleep disturbances. This 8-week, randomized, placebo-controlled pilot study evaluated the feasibility, safety and preliminary efficacy of the wake-promoting drug, modafinil (Provigil®), on neurocognitive functioning, daytime sleepiness, and sleep quality in affectively-stable BD patients. Twelve individuals with affectively-stable BD were recruited and randomized to a flexible dose of modafinil (100 to 200 mg/day) or placebo, adjunctive to a therapeutic dose of a mood stabilizer. Weekly in-person visits tracked sleep quality and daytime sleepiness as well as side effects and mood symptoms. Neurocognitive functioning was assessed at baseline, week 4, and week 8. No serious adverse events were reported. Newly emergent side effects in the modafinil group included heart palpitations, itching, fatigue, and decreased energy. Two patients discontinued modafinil owing to side effects and one of these patients withdrew from the study. One patient discontinued placebo and was withdrawn from the study. Preliminary evaluations of clinical efficacy showed a marginally significant interaction between treatment group and time in two cognitive domains (speed of processing and verbal learning), indicating greater improvement in the modafinil group versus placebo. Additionally, there was a marginally significant effect of treatment group on daytime sleepiness, suggesting lower daytime sleepiness in the modafinil group versus placebo. Counterintuitively, we found a significant treatment group by time interaction effect on sleep quality, suggesting greater improvement in sleep quality in the placebo group versus the modafinil group. Results suggest that modafinil is a relatively safe medication for affectively-stable BD patients when given with adjunctive mood stabilizers. Results are suggestive of cognitive benefit and improved daytime sleepiness, but worse sleep quality in those patients prescribed modafinil. A fully powered clinical trial is warranted with specific attention to the characteristics of patients who are most likely to benefit from treatment with modafinil and other methodological lessons learned from this pilot. ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT01965925.

Modafinil. Armodafinil. The use of eugeroics in assisting the treatment of depression, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia. Benefits, drawbacks, and adverse effects

Modafinil is used to treat narcolepsy with cataplexy and is also being extensively studied to find new therapeutic uses. In recent years, there have been reports suggesting the potential benefits of modafinil in the treatment of psychiatric illnesses such as depression and bipolar depression. In the case of depression, modafinil can be used as an adjuvant or as monotherapy in patients who do not respond sufficiently to antidepressants. Studies have shown that modafinil improves symptoms of depression, reduces fatigue and improves cognitive function. There are also reports of a beneficial effect of modafinil in the treatment of seasonal depression. For bipolar depression, modafinil can be used as an adjunct therapy during the depressive phase, particularly in patients experiencing slowness, lethargy and loss of pleasure. Studies suggest that modafinil may improve depressive symptoms without inducing manic episodes. There are also data indicating modafinil's potential efficacy in treating negative symptoms and improving cognitive function in patients with schizophrenia. In conclusion, modafinil appears to be a promising drug in aiding the treatment of various psychiatric illnesses.

0025 Effects of NLS-4 (Lauflumide) and modafinil in a rat model of circadian rhythm and chronic severe fatigue

Abstract Introduction The chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is a heterogeneous disorder characterized by easy fatigability, feverishness, diffuse pains, and depression. Many COVID-19 patients expressed a long-term effect of coronavirus (long-COVID), with some characteristics typically found in CFS. To examine the efficacy of NLS-4 (Lauflumide), in comparison with a positive control, modafinil, which has been shown to improve recovery from CFS in human, to improve recovery from severe fatigue in rats. Methods Male 7-8 weeks old Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to a fatigue procedure for seven consecutive days. Their locomotor activity in home cage was then recorded for 3 days following the end of the fatigue procedure. A Sham group was subjected to the same measurement of circadian activity but without the fatigue procedure. Rats were divided into different groups which received, before the start of the dark period, three daily administrations of NLS-4, modafinil or vehicle (Control and Sham groups). Results The fatigue procedure induced an impairment in the circadian activity, that is a decrease in motor activity during the dark period and an increase in motor activity during the period of light. Accordingly, the difference of distance travelled between the dark period and the light period was lower in the Control group than in the Sham group. This impairment was still present 3 days after the end of the fatigue procedure. modafinil and NLS-4 dose-dependently increased locomotor activity during the dark phase and, to a lesser extent, during the light phase. The increase in activity during the dark phase was significant at doses of 16, 32 and 64 mg/kg with NLS-4 and at doses 64 and 128 mg/kg with modafinil but the effect of NLS-4 was more sustainable than that of modafinil. Conclusion This study suggests that the impairment of circadian rhythm induced by a fatigue procedure was reduced to a similar magnitude by modafinil (64 mg/kg) and NLS-4 (16 mg/kg). Since modafinil has been shown to improve recovery from chronic fatigue in human, these results show that NLS-4 could improve recovery from CFS in human at doses four times lower than that used for modafinil. Support (if any) NLS Pharmaceutics

Modafinil Improves Autism-like Behavior in Rats by Reducing Neuroinflammation.

To evaluate the ameliorating effect of Modafinil on neuroinflammation, behavioral, and histopathological alterations in rats induced by propionic acid (PPA). Thirty male Wistar rats were used in the study, divided into 3 groups of ten subjects. One group served as a control, the subjects in the other two were given 250mg/kg/day of PPA by intraperitoneal injection over the course of 5days to induce autism. The experimental design was as follows: Group 1: Normal control (orally-fed control, n = 10); Group 2 (PPA + saline, n = 10): PPA and 1ml/kg/day % 0.9 NaCl saline via oral gavage; Group 3 (PPA + Modafinil, n = 10) PPA and 30mg/kg/day Modafinil (Modiodal tablets 100mg, Cephalon) via oral gavage. All of the groups were investigated for behavioral, biochemical, and histological abnormality. Autism-like behaviors were reduced significantly in the rats treated with PPA. TNF-α, Nerve Growth Factor (NGF), IL-17, IL-2, and NF-KB levels as well as MDA levels and lactate were significantly higher in those treated with PPA compared to the control group. Using immunohistochemical methods, the number of neurons and GFAP immunoreactivity was significantly altered in PPA-treated rats compared to the control. Using Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS), we found that lactate levels were significantly higher in the PPA-treated rats, while creatinine levels were significantly decreased. In the rats administered with Modafinil, behavior, neuroinflammation, and histopathological changes brought about by PPA were significantly reversed. Our results demonstrate the potential role of Modafinil in ameliorating PPA-induced neuroinflammation in rats.

Assessing the impacts of L-carnitine and modafinil on fatigue in Iraqi multiple sclerosis patients.

Fatigue is a prevalent symptom experienced by individuals diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS), which greatly affects their daily activities and causes frustration and depression, thus affecting their lives and society. This can be prevented through the use of medicines such as L-carnitine and modafinil. The study aimed to examine the effect of L-carnitine and modafinil on fatigue and which one is better for MS patients. This was a clinical trial. This clinical trial was conducted in cooperation between Al-Kut University College and an MS consultant at Al-Zahraa Teaching Hospital in addition to the private neurological clinic from October 1, 2022, to March 15, 2023. Forty participants were split into two groups; both of which were almost identical characteristics regarding age, disease duration, and degree of fatigue. Group I (n = 20): relapsing-remitting MS patients with fatigue received modafinil. Group II (n = 20): relapsing-remitting MS patients with fatigue received L-carnitine. Fatigue was evaluated according to the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS). The statistical work was done in SPSS (IBM Corp., Chicago, IL, USA, version 24). P values were calculated by the t-test. Significant data have P = 0.05. After 2 months of treatment, the results show a significant decrease in MFIS in both groups with a higher reduction in patients who use L-carnitine. Both modafinil and L-carnitine show a significant influence on fatigue in MS patients, and these effects are more in L-carnitine.

Lights, camera, cognition: Unveiling the Neurocognitive Effects of Modafinil in Actors

In the dynamic intersection of cognitive enhancement and artistic expression, this article explores the cognitive neuroeffects of modafinil on the cognitive abilities of actors and investigates its potential impact on the inherent cognitive domains crucial to the entertainment industry. Employing a comprehensive experimental approach, professional actors of diverse backgrounds utilized modafinil to uncover its effects on sustained attention, working memory, creativity, emotional recognition, cognitive flexibility, and emotional intelligence. The findings reveal significant improvements in attention accuracy, working memory precision, heightened creative output, emotional recognition acuity, cognitive flexibility, and emotional intelligence within the modafinil group when compared to the placebo. These effects stem from the modulation of neural chemical pathways governing attention, memory, emotional processing, and cognitive flexibility by modafinil. The results affirm modafinil as a cognitive enhancer for actors, optimizing their executive intelligence while heightening ethical considerations and potential challenges. This exploration of modafinil's cognitive effects in the realm of acting contributes valuable insights to cognitive enhancement research and paves the way for the integration of pharmacological interventions in creative professions.

The effect of modafinil on passive avoidance memory, brain level of BDNF and oxidative stress markers in sepsis survivor rats

Propose/aim of study: Modafinil (MD) is a psychostimulant drug used off-label and cognitive dysfunction may be a significant emerging treatment target for this drug. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of MD on the neurochemical parameters and memory impairment of rats submitted to sepsis by cecal ligation and perforation (CLP). Material and method: Male Wistar rats (250–350g) were submitted to CLP, or sham as control, and divided into the sham + water, sham + MD (300 mg/kg), CLP + water, and CLP + MD (300 mg/kg) groups. Ten days after the administration of MD and CLP, the rats were submitted to a memory test by passive avoidance apparatus being sacrificed. The nitrite and nitrate (N/N) concentration, myeloperoxidase (MPO) and catalase (CAT) activity, lipid and protein oxidative damage, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels were measured in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Results: The passive avoidance test verified an increase in the latency time compared training and test section in the groups sham + water and CLP + MD. Decreased N/N concentration and MPO activity were verified in the prefrontal cortex of rats submitted to CLP and MD treatment, as well as reduced protein and lipid oxidative damage in the hippocampus, which was accompanied by increased CAT activity and BDNF levels.Conclusion: Our data indicate the role of MD in attenuating oxidative stress parameters, the alteration of BDNF, and an improvement in memory impairment in rats ten days after induction of sepsis.

Subjective Effects of Modafinil in Military Fighter Pilots During Deployment.

INTRODUCTION: Fatigue has negative effects on flight safety, especially in military aviation, where missions are often performed under challenging conditions. Modafinil is a relatively new pharmaceutical able to counter the symptoms of fatigue, but efficacy has not yet been studied in operational military aviation. This study aims to establish effectiveness and safety of modafinil in military operations. METHODS: This field study was conducted during deployment in the Middle East by the Royal Netherlands Air Force fighter pilots. Prior to use operationally, pilots had to complete a 24-h ground test in which modafinil was administered during a nonflying period using a questionnaire to screen for duty-relevant side effects. If no side effects were reported, operational usage was allowed. In addition to registration of modafinil's effects, relevant data prior to and after administration were recorded, including caffeine consumption and sleep afterwards. RESULTS: Of the 75 pilots who completed ground testing, only one experienced duty-relevant side effects. Modafinil was used in 192 operational flights, mostly during night-time. In 128 (67%) of the flights, modafinil was used preventively, in 64 (33%) because of fatigue. In 182 (95%) of the flights, positive effects of modafinil were reported, with a maximum effect 2-3 h after administration. There was no statistical correlation between modafinil's beneficial effects and prior administration of caffeine or sleep medication, nor was sleep afterwards negatively affected. DISCUSSION: This study indicates modafinil is a suitable pharmaceutical countermeasure to minimize the effects of fatigue during real-life fighter operations, without signs of negative impact on flight safety or sleep quality afterwards.