Effect Of Mineral Fertilization Research Articles

Effect of Mineral Fertilizers and Pesticides Application on Bacterial Community and Antibiotic-Resistance Genes Distribution in Agricultural Soils

Soils are a hotspot for the emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance. The effects of agrochemical treatments on the bacterial community of agricultural soils and the content of antibiotic-resistance genes (ARGs) were studied. Treatments included the following: control, mineral fertilizers (NPKs), pesticides, and the combined treatment of soils under soya (Glycine max), sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), and wheat (Triticum aestivum). Bacterial community taxonomic composition was studied using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The content of 10 ARGs and 3 integron genes (intI1, intI2, intI3) was determined using quantitative real-time PCR. The results showed that the treatments had little effect on the taxonomic composition and diversity of the soil bacterial community. The most significant factors determining differences in the microbial community were sampling time and soil physico-chemical parameters. A significant role of the bacterial community in ARG distribution in soils was demonstrated. Representatives of the Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Sphingomonas, Arthrobacter genera, and the Nocardioidaceae and Micrococcaceae families were likely ARG hosts. The presence of integron genes of all three classes was detected, the most numerous being intI3. This work provides important information on the role of agricultural soils in ARG transfer, and the findings may be useful for sustainable and safe agricultural development.

Effect of Mineral Fertilization and Seed Inoculation with Microbial Preparation on Seed and Protein Yield of Pea (Pisum sativum L.)

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of different NPK rates and N application methods and seed inoculation with a microbial preparation on selected elements of plant growth and the productivity parameters seed yield, protein content in seeds and the yield of protein. The research hypothesis suggested that seed inoculation and a split rate of N application with an optimal supply of plants with PK could improve the nutritional status and increase the efficiency of nutrient use in peas. The studies included two factors: the application of NPK at doses of N0P0K0 (control), N15P15K15 (pre-sowing), N15P30K30 + N15 (pre-sowing + N15 at BBCH 22–23), N30P30K30 (pre-sowing), N30P45K45 + N15 (pre-sowing + N15 at BBCH 22–23) and N45P45K45 (pre-sowing), and seed inoculation with the microbial preparation Rhizogumin. The results of the study showed significant effects of seed inoculation and mineral fertilization on pea plant growth and the productivity parameters seed yield, protein content and protein yield. It was concluded that among the studied combinations, seed inoculation and the application of mineral fertilizers with fractional nitrogen fertilization with N30P45K45 + N15 were the most effective. This combination significantly increased seed yield, protein content and protein yield compared to the control treatment (by 26.2%, 11.1% and 43,5%, respectively).

Effect of Mineral Fertilizer on Yield, Quality and Nutrient Uptake of Black Sesame [Sesamum radiatum (L.)

A field study aimed to evolve efficient nutrient management for improving yield and quality of sesamum was conducted during pre-rabi season of 2022. The experiment was laid out in a factorial randomized block design replicated thrice with twelve treatments. Treatments consisting of two levels of nitrogen (25 and 50 kg/ha), two levels of phosphorus (12.5 and 25 kg/ha) and three levels of sulphur (0, 20 and 30 kg/ha). Seed and stover yield as well as total nutrient uptake were recorded significantly higher with the application of 50 kg/ha N, 25 kg/ha P and 30 kg/ha S. The application of 50 N and 30 kg S was recorded significantly higher oil content and oil yield over the rest of the nitrogen and sulphur levels. N content in seed (3.13%) and stover (1.226%) were found significantly influenced by 50 kg/ha N. Phosphorus @ 25 kg/ha was recorded significantly higher P content in seed (0.493 %) and stover (0.392%).S content in seed (0.325%) and stover (0.171%) were found significantly influenced by 50 kg/ha S. Significantly higher available nitrogen (281.22 kg/ha) was found under application of nitrogen @ 50 kg/ha. Significantly the higher residual phosphorus (28.81 kg/ha) was obtained with the application of 25 kg P/ha. Significantly the higher residual sulphur (7.63 mg/kg) was obtained with the application of 30 kg S/ha.

Effect of mineral fertilizers on microorganisms community characteristic during leaf litter decomposition under Pinus massoniana in a subtropical forest

Leaf litter decomposition is a crucial ecological process driven by bacteria and fungi, which release extracellular enzymes. However, the effects of mineral fertilizer application on microbial aspects in forest ecosystems are unclear. We hypothesized that mineral fertilizers significantly affect bacteria and fungi in terms of function, diversity, structure, and composition. We also proposed that microbial phyla respond more to fertilizers than untreated conditions and that there's a strong correlation between bacteria, fungi, and chemical factors under fertilizer treatments. Using next-generation sequencing, we investigated microbial responses in a Masson pine plantation across four sampling times (90, 180, 270, and 360 days) with control (CK), N fertilization (+N), N and P fertilization (+NP), and N, P, K fertilization (+NPK). Mineral fertilizer impacts were more pronounced on bacterial diversity than fungal diversity, especially in alpha diversity. Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Acidobacteria, and Cyanobacteria (11.76, 0.34, 0.08, 1.86, 7.17 %), respectively, responded positively to fertilizers, while only Ascomycota and Basidiomycota (14.77, 16.51 %), respectively, were influenced among fungal phyla. Beta diversity analysis revealed distinct groupings of bacterial and fungal communities over time. Redundancy analysis indicated shifts in community structure linked to soil chemical properties. Our findings concluded that NPK fertilizer might be a preferred management option, providing valuable insights for fertilization strategies in subtropical forest ecosystems, benefiting both surface and belowground components. However, the application of mineral fertilizer requires careful consideration of the implications and limitations on microbial communities.

A Properly Chosen Rate of NPK Fertilizers Has a Positive Effect on C Sequestration in Sandy Soils in the Conditions of a Changing Climate

Abstract Soil organic carbon (SOC) plays a significant role in climate change. Its content can be modified by soil management practices, however, the effect of mineral fertilization on SOC is not clear. For this reason, a long-term effect of gradually increasing rates of NPK fertilizers on changes in soil organic carbon (SOC) in bulk soil and in water-stable aggregates (WSA) in soils with sandy loam and loamy sand texture at two experimental sites (Skierniewice, Poland, and Dražovce, Slovakia) was quantified. In both sites, soil samples were collected from the following treatments: NF – no fertilization, NPK1 and NPK2 – 1st level and 2nd level of NPK fertilization, respectively. The results showed that 100-year long application of NPK1 increased total carbon (TC) and SOC content by 24%, while NPK2 decreased it by 5% compared to NF at the Skierniewice site. The content of water-stable macroaggregates (WSAma) increased because of NPK application. In NPK1, the content of WSAma was higher and the content of water-stable microaggregates (WSAmi) was lower than in NPK2 or NF. However, as a result of NPK application, the content of agronomically favorable WSAma in size fraction 0.5–3 mm was reduced by 8 and 24% in NPK1 and NPK2, respectively, compared to NF. Overall, SOC in WSAma was lower than in bulk soil. The SOC in WSAma in NF, NPK1 and NPK2 treatments was 6.51, 7.77 and 5.89 g.kg−1, respectively. Similar tendency of SOC in WSAma 0.5–3 mm was observed (NF: 6.12 g.kg−1, NPK1: 7.35 g.kg−1, and NPK2: 6.88 g.kg−1). The SOC in WSAmi in NF, NPK1 and NPK2 was 8.33, 7.39 and 7.24 g.kg−1, respectively. At Dražovce site, TC content decreased significantly due to the graded rates of NPK, not because of SOC mineralization but as a result of carbonate dissolution for a period of 14 years. The carbonate content decreased from 20 g.kg−1 in NF to 6.5 g.kg-1 in NPK1 and 3.0 g.kg-1 in NPK2, while SOC did not change significantly: (NF: 23.8 g.kg−1, NPK1: 25.9 g.kg−1, and NPK2: 23.4 g.kg−1). In NPK1, the WSAma content was reduced significantly when compared to NPK2 and NF treatments. No significant difference was observed between NF and NPK2. On the contrary, the content of WSAma 0.5–3 mm significantly increased when compared to NF and NPK1. No difference was observed between NF and NPK1. Lower SOC content was found in WSA than in the bulk soil. Overall, higher SOC content was observed in WSAma when compared with WSAmi. The application of NPK1 and NPK2 increased SOC in WSAma as well as in WSAma 0.5–3 mm. The effect was more significant in NPK1 than NPK2 treatments when compared to NF.

Influence of nitrogen fertilization, seed inoculation and the synergistic effect of these treatments on soybean yields under conditions in south-western Poland

Soybean, belonging to legumes, has a specific ability to biological nitrogen fixation, which can be reinforced by seeds inoculation. However, support with a starter dose of mineral nitrogen fertilizer may be necessary to achieve high seed yields. A four-year field experiment was conducted to determine the effect of mineral N fertilization (0, 30, 60 kg ha−1), seed inoculation with two commercial inoculants and combinations of these treatments on yield components and yielding of soybean in conditions of south-western part of Poland. The synergistic effect of mineral fertilization at dose 30 kg ha−1 and inoculation on soybean productivity was the most beneficial. Similar effects were observed when 60 kg N ha−1 was applied both separately and with inoculation. However, due to the environmental impact of mineral fertilizers and to promote plants to biological nitrogen fixation (BNF), it is advisable to use lower doses of N fertilizer (at 30 kg ha−1) and inoculate soybean seeds in agro- climatic conditions of south-western Poland. Therefore, based on this study we recommend to apply starter dose of N and inoculation.

CHANGE OF PHOTOSYNTHETIC PRODUCTIVITY OF WINTER WHEAT IN IRRIGATED LIGHT COLOR GRAY SOILS DEPENDING ON THE RATE OF MINERAL FERTILIZERS

The article presents the results of field experiments conducted to study the effect of mineral fertilizers of different standards on the photosynthetic productivity and pure photosynthesis productivity of winter wheat variety "Asr" in the conditions of irrigated light gray soils of Navoi region. It was found that the photosynthesis productivity was determined by the accounting balance of mineral fertilizers and the methods of soil plant diagnostics, and the options used in combination with pesticides with biologically active organic and mineral fertilizer Rokogumin were the highest.

Effect of Long-Term Different Land Uses on Improving Stable Humic Compounds in Arenosol

There has not been enough research conducted on the effect of land use on the composition of humus in Arenosols. This long-term study (1995–2022) aimed to determine the differences in the formation of humic compounds in the natural and agricultural ecosystems of Arenosols. Soil samples were collected from six plots at two soil depths (0–15 and 15–25 cm), with four replicates. Conclusions were reached based on the results of the accumulation of humic substances (HSs) and their qualitative fractional composition, C/N ratio, humification degree (HD), and the optical properties of the humus substances. Afforestation, after 27 years, significantly increased (+6.7 g kg−1) the soil organic carbon (SOC) and influenced the qualitative composition of HS: HA + FA 79.3% of the SOC. Grassland cultivation showed faster (+3.8 g kg−1) SOC sequestration, a higher HA/FA ratio, and an increased HD. Arenosols may be used in crop rotation with approximately 40% leguminous plants to maintain a stable humus balance. Additionally, the effects of mineral fertilisers on the humification processes and humus quality of +2.59 g kg−1 SOC, +1.27 g kg−1 humin in crop rotation, +3.26 g kg−1 SOC, and 2.82 g kg−1 humin in a grass cultivation field were established. For SOC accumulation and a larger humus amount of a better quality, it is recommended that an Arenosol is used, as it is suitable for use in perennial cut grasslands, natural grasslands, and pine afforestation.

Effect of Mineral Fertilization and Microbial Inoculation on Cabbage Yield and Nutrition: A Field Experiment

Cabbage serves as an important food and nutrition source for numerous communities in the world, yet its production requires substantial quantities of chemical fertilizers. In this study, we assessed the impact of both increasing nitrogen and phosphorus mineral (NP) fertilization, along with the application of plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) on the N and P uptake, quality, and yield of cabbage. To this end, we conducted two consecutive field experiments following a randomized block design with four replicates and two factors: NP doses and PGPB inoculation. PGPB inoculation used a bacterial consortium comprising Azospirillum brasilense D7, Herbaspirillum sp. AP21, and Rhizobium leguminosarum T88. Our results showed a significant influence of both biofertilization and NP fertilization across both crop cycles; however, no interaction between these factors was observed. In the first crop cycle, 75% of NP mineral fertilization (equivalent to 93.6 kg ha−1 of N and 82.1 kg ha−1 of P) positively impacted yield and N uptake. Also, microbial inoculation significantly influenced crop yield, resulting in a 9-ton increase in crop yield per hectare due to biofertilization. In the second crop cycle, we observed a significant positive effect of mineral fertilization on cabbage yield and nutritional quality. The relative agronomic effectiveness (RAE) index showed that combining biological fertilization with 50% and 75% of the NP fertilization, respectively, increased yield by 66% and 48% compared to the commercial NP dosage without PGPB. Collectively, our results demonstrated that within our experimental setup, NP fertilization dosage can be reduced without any detrimental impact on yield. Moreover, biofertilization could enhance cabbage quality and yield in field conditions.

Influence of soil fertility on the yield and grain quality of spring wheat in the conditions of Central Siberia

The article presents the results of studies on the effect of mineral fertilizers on the yield and quality of spring wheat grain in the conditions of the Krasnoyarsk forest-steppe. The studies were carried out in 2022 at the Minino station of the KrasNIISKh in the soil and climatic conditions of the Krasnoyarsk forest-steppe. The soil of the experimental plot is represented by leached chernozem. The results of the research showed that the maximum yield of the studied grain crops was noted when applying a complex mineral fertilizer (azofoska) at a dose of 60 kg. a.i./ha - 2.85 t/ha (increase to control 0.96 t/ha).

Annual dynamics of ammonium and nitrate nitrogen content by using capsulated carbamide in cassettes of one-year-old seedlings of Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris)

Over the past decades of forestry development in Russia, the main trends have been identified, according to which P. sylvestris planting material can be effectively grown in a container method with a closed root system, considering the forest-seed area. The purpose of the study was to study the annual dynamics of ammonium and nitrate nitrogen in a soil with P. sylvestris with a closed root system using encapsulated urea with hydroquinone and mulch. The objectives of the study were based on the study of the effect of mineral fertilizers on the annual dynamics of ammonium and nitrate nitrogen and their effect on the growth of seedlings. The object of the study was the dynamics of the content of these nitrogen compounds in the soil. The study was carried out by methods of agrochemical, biometric and statistical analysis. Thus, the use of extended-form carbamide makes it possible to cover the need of plants for nitrogen nutrition throughout the growing season, having a significant impact on their growth in stem height. The use of encapsulated carbamide with hydroquinone, 0.5 cm pine mulch, potassium monophosphate and phosphorous flour allows the production of the best P. sylvestris seedlings with a maximum height of 188.82±15.41 mm per year due to constant saturation of the soil with available nitrogen, on which a change in the growth rate of seedlings is almost directly dependent (R = 0.99821-0.99988; Multiple R = 0.99643-0.99977; Adjusted R = 0.98928-0.99930; p < 0.01525-0.05978). At the same time, ammonium nitrogen has the greatest effect on it (p < 0.01633-0.05436).

Yield of spring durum wheat against the background of cellulolytic activity of the soil

Long-term studies were carried out in the field at the station on crop rotations and monocultures of the department of agriculture and resource-saving technologies of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "FNTs BST RAS", located in the Orenburg region (51.775125° N and 55.306547° E.). The purpose of the study was to establish the influence of the cellulolytic activity of the soil and the quantitative content of nitrate nitrogen in the soil in combination with meteorological factors on the yield of wheat grown for many years (21 years) in crop rotations and monoculture in the Southern Urals. The object of the study is spring durum wheat cultivated in crop rotations of various rotations, a set of crops and monoculture, as well as soil samples according to the experimental options. When determining the cellulolytic activity of the soil, the method of decomposition of linen fabric under the influence of microorganisms was used. The yield of durum wheat is influenced by such factors as predecessors, including their aftereffect in the crop rotation system, as well as the prolonged effect of mineral fertilizers. The average yield of durum wheat (for 21 years of research) in six-field crop rotations is 0.71 t/ha, with fertilizer 0.76 t/ha. Cultivation of durum wheat in two field crop rotation increases its yield by 0.07 t, in six fields 0.23 t/ha relative to monocultivation of the crop according to two backgrounds of soil nutrition. Cultivation of durum wheat in a six-field crop rotation on green manure fallow is accompanied by increased cellulolytic activity (12.0%). In the monoculture of durum wheat, the consumption of N-NO3 during the growing season increases to 20 mg with fertilizer up to 16 mg per kg of soil on an unfertilized background, which is associated with an increase in weediness and consumption of the macronutrient by the weed component. The share of output of grain units of durum wheat in six-field crop rotations is up to 16.3%, in two-field crop rotations up to 47.9%, with mono-cultivation of crops 100%.

Effect of Mineral Fertilisation on Tuber Yield and Quality in Yams (Dioscorea alata and Dioscorea rotundata)

This study assessed mineral fertilisation impact on tuber yield and food quality in yam genotypes—Dioscorea alata and Dioscorea rotundata. Four genotypes, each from D. alata and D. rotundata, were used in field experiments conducted in Ibadan, Nigeria, during the 2017 and 2018 cropping seasons. Experiments were conducted under low soil NPK fertility conditions with and without Fertiliser treatments. Plots subjected to fertiliser treatment received recommended NPK rate for the area. Tuber yield, functional and pasting properties of yam flour, and sensory attributes of pounded yams were collected. The results revealed varying responses of the genotypes to tuber yield and food quality following fertiliser application. Fertiliser application has generally increased fresh tuber yield. However, it had an impact on the flour quality and textural attributes of pounded yams for some genotypes. In genotypes Danacha and TDa0200012, Fertiliser application increased fresh tuber weight by 29.6% and 28.3%, and dry tuber weight by 19.7% and 24.9%, respectively, without compromising tuber quality. This implies that both genotypes exhibited a greater capacity for nutrient uptake and nutrient use efficiency. However, for genotype Ojuiyawo, Fertiliser application effectively increased tuber yield but negatively affected tuber quality. Our results emphasize the importance of assessing the impact of fertilization on tuber yield and quality for each genotype and selecting the appropriate genotype to improve productivity through mineral fertilization. The outcomes of this study have broader applicability in improving yam productivity across sub-Saharan Africa and are useful for sustainable agriculture in yam-growing regions.

Effect of Mineral Fertilizers on Nitrogen Accumulation in Oat Grains and Straw in the Trans-Ural Forest–Steppe

Effect of Mineral Fertilizers on Nitrogen Accumulation in Oat Grains and Straw in the Trans-Ural Forest–Steppe

Influence of Long-Term Use of Mineral Fertilizers on Weed Infestation of Grain-Grass-Rowed Crop Rotation

In a long-term study in a long-term stationary experiment, it was revealed that the effect of mineral fertilizers extended to the quantitative composition and structure of the contamination of fields of grain-grass crop rotation, but not to the species composition of weed vegetation. Under the influence of mineral fertilizers, the height and weight of weeds increased, but their number decreased during the period of co-growth with cultivated plants during the growing season (by 12.0–22.6%). In the absence of a pronounced competitiveness of cultivated plants in the non-maneuverable version of the experiment, the weeds from the spring period to the harvest increased by 47%. The contamination of fields with perennial dicotyledonous weed species and their relative abundance in fertilized variants decreased by 2.4–3.6 times, and with small-year dicotyledonous species increased by 1.3–1.4 times. White marjoram and pickles turned out to be responsive to the application of mineral fertilizers, while field thorice and wild radish mainly grew in an untreated version, where the acidity of the soil had higher indicators.

Assessment of soil aggregate pore structure after 8 years of cultivation from the parent material of a Mollisol

Soil erosion exposes the underlying parent material (PM) to the surface and an appropriate soil restoration approach is required to maintain soil quality. However, the current knowledge on soil restoration (e.g., improvement of soil aggregate structure) is mainly obtained from studies on well-developed soils. It remains unclear how aggregate pore structure of soils can be improved following different agricultural practices during the early stage of pedogenesis. The present study quantified the effects of 8 years of different agricultural practices (land use types, mineral fertilizers, and different amounts of organic inputs) on the aggregate stability, aggregate pore morphology, and surface properties of a topsoil (0–20 cm) and compared the findings with those of a prior PM and a long-cultivated Mollisol (MO). The results showed that clay content and the specific surface area of soil aggregates decreased, while soil organic carbon, aggregate stability, and surface fragment structure increased for all treatments as compared to those for the PM. Mineral fertilization alone did not increase aggregate stability; however, the combination of mineral and organic fertilization increased aggregate stability by 117%. Compared to the PM, the treated soils showed an increase in porosity as determined by synchrotron radiation X-ray micro-computed tomography (SR-µCT). Compared to naturally restored grasslands, the soil under crop rotation with tillage showed a decrease in pore roundness by 15%; however, supplementation with a large amount of organic input during cultivation increased pore roundness. The principal component analysis using all the indicators showed that the soil structure after 8-year cultivation was not comparable to that of the well-developed MO. Our results revealed the development of PM structure under various agricultural practices and highlighted the co-interaction effects of mineral fertilizers and organic inputs on the properties of soil aggregates during the early stage of pedogenesis.

Effect of mineral fertilizers on sorghum crop yields in the southern forest-steppe of Western Siberia

The results of studying the productivity of sorghum crops under different conditions of mineral nutrition on meadow-chernozem soil of the southern forest-steppe of Western Siberia are presented. The study was conducted in 2019–2022 in the Omsk region as part of a long-term stationary field experiment. The soil of the experimental plot is meadow-chernozem moderately deep heavy loamy soil. The arable horizon is characterized by neutral reaction of the soil solution (pH 7.0–7.2). The scheme of the experiment is two-factor, includes application of nitrogen (N0, 30, 60) and phosphorus (P0, 60) mineral fertilizers before sowing sorghum crops. The dynamics of moisture content in the meter soil profile is closely related to the hydrothermal conditions of vegetation periods. In the most wetted year of 2019, the soil profile had a more stable and uniform moisture content, especially in the second half meter. In subsequent years, the atmospheric moisture deficit was clearly manifested in the content of total moisture both along the soil profile and in time. Drying out of the meter profile even in the initial growing season was observed in 2022, which can be considered as a result of low residual moisture in the preceding, also dry, season. In the control, mineral nutrition was limited by the low content of mobile phosphorus. The studies have shown that in conditions of insufficient and unstable moisture, typical for the south of Western Siberia, it is advisable to cultivate sorghum crops with high responsiveness to the use of mineral fertilizers in field fodder production. In the average of two years, the maximum yield of green mass of sugar sorghum on intensive background was 21.07 t/ha, sorghum-sudangrass hybrid – 16.62 t/ha, which is higher than the control by 47.2 and 62.7%, respectively. The most effective was the complex application of mineral fertilizers, which provided an increase in dry matter content of sugar sorghum from 3.97 to 6.08 t/ha (53.0%), sorghum-sudangrasas hybrid – from 2.81 to 4.73 t/ha (68.3%).

Effect of mineral fertilizers on the formation of the structure indicators of grain sorghum yield capacity

In the process of gradual warming, producers carry out the search of the crops, which develop high productivity of excellent quality grain in the difficult soil-climatic conditions. Grain sorghum is one of these crops. Similar to any other agricultural crop, its productivity depends on the effect of numerous factors including the elements of the cultivation technology. One of these elements is the application of mineral fertilizers. The purpose of the research was to study the effect of the plant mineral nutrition on the formation of the structure indicators of grain sorghum yield capacity in the conditions of the Right bank Forest steppe zone of Ukraine. The experiment was carried out in the zone of unstable humidity in 2016–2020. The trial scheme consisted in studying grain sorghum cultivars and various fertilizer rates; the trial was initiated with the method of regular replications, a fourfold replication was applied. Having analyzed the research results, it was found out that as the fertilizer rates increased, the element indicators of the yield structure also increased; in turn grain yield capacity of the studied cultivars was higher. However, the optimal fertilizer rate for the expected yield is the estimated one which will reduce the production cost of the output.

Influence of Magnesium and Biostimulant on the Consumption Value and Harmful Nitrogen Compounds Content of Potato Tubers after Storage

The primary use of the potato is direct consumption. The classification of potatoes into consumption type is made on the basis of the consumption evaluation of hydrothermally treated tubers. Nutrient deficiency in the soil, including Mg, contributes to the inhibition of potato growth and development and negatively affects the cooking characteristics of the tubers. Magnesium and biostimulants are responsible for plant nitrogen management. Thus, it is necessary to control the content of harmful nitrates and toxic nitrites in tubers. In potato production, it is also important to maintain appropriate conditions during storage. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of mineral fertilization with magnesium and a biostimulant preparation during the cultivation of edible potato and long-term storage on the traits determining utility-consumption type and the content of harmful nitrogen compounds in tubers. The study was conducted using the early potato variety Satina. In a three-year (2015–2017) three-factor experiment: evaluation date (immediately after harvest and after six months of storage), soil fertilization with mineral magnesium (0, 30, 60, 90 kg MgO ha−1), the application of an amino acid biostimulant (0, 1.5, 3.0 L ha−1). Five consumption traits of tubers after cooking, determining the utility-consumption type of potato, were determined. In addition, the consumer safety of the potato was determined based on the nitrate and nitrite content of the tubers. The tendency to overcook tubers significantly depended on all the factors used during potato cultivation. In contrast, the texture and structure of tuber flesh after cooking depended only on mineral fertilization with magnesium. The flesh of the tubers after cooking was most tender (1.0 pt) and firm (1.4 pt) after the application of 60 and 90 kg MgO ha−1, respectively. The moisture level of the flesh after cooking was significantly influenced by the interaction of magnesium fertilization with the biostimulant preparation. The factors of the experiment did not modify the utility-consumption type (B/A), while there was a change in the type in relation to that specified by the grower—general utility (B). The applied cultivation technology and long-term storage did not deteriorate the consumer safety of tubers (<200 mg kg−1) in terms of NO3− (max. 112.1 mg kg−1) and NO2− (max. 1.08 mg kg−1) contents. Organoleptic traits: mealiness, moisture, and flesh structure were significantly positively related to the nitrate and nitrite content of tubers immediately after harvesting and to nitrite concentration after long-term storage.

A Review of Long-Term Effects of Mineral Fertilizers on Soil Microorganisms

The intricate relationship between soil microbiomes and fertilizers is central to the sustainable future of agriculture. This review delves deep into the multifaceted interactions between soil microorganisms and varying fertilizer regimens, shedding light on their immediate and long-term impacts. Soil, teeming with a rich diversity of bacteria, fungi, archaea, protozoa, and viruses, plays a pivotal role in agricultural productivity. These microbial communities are intricately linked to soil health, fertility, and resilience. Fertilizers, while essential for enhancing crop yields, have shown varied impacts on these microbial communities. Immediate post-application dynamics reveal shifts in microbial diversity and abundance, with potential cascading effects on soil processes. Longitudinal studies in real-world agricultural settings underscore the resilience and adaptability of these communities in the face of disturbances. Advanced technological tools, from metagenomics to IoT devices, offer unprecedented insights and real-time monitoring capabilities. The convergence of biology with technology holds the promise of a future where agricultural practices are fine-tuned based on real-time microbial feedback, ensuring both enhanced yields and sustained soil health. As we stand at the crossroads of a global food demand surge and environmental sustainability, understanding and harnessing the potential of soil microbiomes becomes paramount. This review underscores the need for robust, long-term research endeavors to chart a path for truly sustainable agriculture.