Effects Of Mineral Deficiencies Research Articles

Effects of mineral deficiency on the health of young ruminants

Effects of mineral deficiency on the health of young ruminants

Mineral Levels in Pyrenean Chamois (Rupicapra pyrenaica)

The effects of mineral deficiencies are often sub-clinical, and the importance of mineral status is often underestimated in wildlife populations. To our knowledge, this is the first study that gives reference intervals of hepatic minerals for Pyrenean chamois (Rupicapra pyrenaica). We determined macro and trace mineral concentrations in liver samples from 100 animals (44 healthy and 56 sick) collected in the Catalan Pyrenees (NE Spain) from 1995 to 2008. After wet digestion, we determined Na, K, Ca, P, Mg, S, and Fe concentrations by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and Cu, Zn, and Mo concentrations by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). We observed low hepatic concentrations of Cu in a considerable percentage of chamois, without evidences that these low concentrations increased their susceptibility to infectious diseases. The group of sick chamois had very similar percentage of animals (10/56) with low concentration of Cu (<20 ppm DW) than the group of healthy chamois (9/44). On the other hand, we observed that infectious diseases increased significantly the hepatic concentrations of Na, Ca, Mg, Fe and Zn, very likely, as a consequence of processes associated with the acute phase inflammatory response. The obtained values of liver mineral levels and their sources of variation, such as sex, age and disease, mostly fall within the range of those described for other ruminants, but possible deficiencies and differences between individuals and populations require further study.

Effects of mineral deficiency on the health of young ruminants

Twenty-two elements have been identified as essential to the growth and health of animals. They include 7 macroelements and 15 microelements, which play four key functions in the body: structural, physiological, catalytic and regulatory. Mineral deficiencies can result from low quality feed, impaired absorption or assimilation in the body or increased demand for minerals during intensive growth, pregnancy and lactation. Mineral-deficient feed and diets with an unbalanced mineral content impair the growth and development of young animals, decrease appetite, lower nutrient absorption, decrease immunity and increase susceptibility to contagious diseases. This paper discusses the consequences of low levels of macronutrients and micronutrients that are required for the optimal growth of calves, lambs and kids, including calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, selenium, cobalt, iron, zinc, copper, sodium, potassium and chloride.

Distribuição de nutrientes e sintomas visuais de deficiência de boro em raízes de coqueiro-anão verde

As raízes, geralmente, são os primeiros órgãos das plantas a apresentarem sintomas de deficiência de B. Plantas de grande porte são difíceis de serem manipuladas experimentalmente a fim de diagnosticar os efeitos das deficiências minerais em seus sistemas radiculares. Neste experimento, objetivou-se elucidar o efeito da deficiência de B na formação de raízes de diferentes diâmetros e na acumulação de nutrientes, bem como caracterizar sintomas visuais da deficiência de B em raízes de coqueiro-anão verde. Foram aplicados os seguintes tratamentos: solução nutritiva completa (+B) e solução nutritiva sem B (-B), distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com seis repetições. A unidade experimental constou de uma planta em um vaso plástico com 90 L de areia de praia purificada. Até o 60º dia após o transplante (4/3/2006), todas as plantas receberam solução nutritiva completa. No 61º dia depois do transplante, aplicaram-se os tratamentos citados. Decorridos 513 dias da indução da deficiência, coletaram-se as raízes (1/6/2007); após o processo de lavagem, as raízes foram então separadas em três diâmetros: finas (&lt; 1 mm), médias (1 a 5 mm) e grossas (&gt; 5 mm). Depois da separação, imergiram-se as raízes em água várias vezes para retirada da areia e, finalmente, elas foram lavadas em água desionizada. Após secagem em estufa, determinou-se a massa seca de cada tipo de raiz e, posteriormente, os teores de N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn e Zn. Os resultados indicaram que os maiores teores de N, P, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn e Zn foram encontrados nas raízes finas do coqueiro em ambos os tratamentos, porém os de K foram maiores nas raízes grossas. A deficiência de B aumentou os teores de N, P e K em todas as raízes, os teores de Mg, S, Cu e Zn nas raízes finas, mas não afetou os teores de Ca, Fe e Mn. A deficiência de B reduziu a produção de raízes totais e finas em 29,7 e 48,3 %, respectivamente, e promoveu o engrossamento e escurecimento das raízes com ramificações curtas; as pontas das raízes necrosaram, causando superbrotamento radicular.

EFFECT OF MINERAL DEFICIENCY ON MORPHOLOGICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS AND ON SHOOT AND ROOT MINERAL PARTITIONING IN THREE SUNFLOWER VARIETIES / EFECTO DE LA FALTA DE ELEMENTOS MINERALAS SOBRE LOS PARAMENTROS MORFOLOGICOS Y FISIOLOGICOS Y REPARTICION DE ELEMENTOS MINERALES DE LA PARTE SOBRE EL SUELO Y DE LA RAIZ EN TRES VARIEDADES / INFLUENCE DE LA CARENCE D’ÉLÉMENTS MINÉRAUX SUR

SUMMARYAn experiment has been carried out in order to study the behaviour under mineral deficiency of three sunflower genotypes, a population variety (Oro 9) and two hybrids (Mirasol and Albena). Sunflower seedlings were submitted to five treatments: N deficiency (N0), P deficiency (P0), K deficiency (K0), N and K deficiency (N0K0) and a control. Plants were harvested when they reached 3-4 true pairs of leaves. Growth parameters measured (height, total leaf area, root length, root and shoot dry mater) were all significantly reduced by mineral deficiency. Leaf area was most reduced by N0 (-61%) and P0 (-56%). Total dry matter was most affected by N0 (-63%) and by N0K0 (-66%). Genotype comparisons showed that Oro 9 had the highest shoot dry matter while Albena had the lowest root dry matter. Effect of mineral deficiency on content and partitioning of N, P, K, Ca and Na was significant and varied according to treatments and among plant parts. Shoot dry weight was significantly correlated with root N content (r2=0.81) and root K content (r2=-0.61) for N0 and K0.

6-35 Effect of mineral deficiency on the chlorophyll fluorescence induction in leaves among the higher plants

6-35 Effect of mineral deficiency on the chlorophyll fluorescence induction in leaves among the higher plants

MINERAL DEFICIENCY IN MULBERRY PLANTS, MORUS ALBA L. AND ITS EFFECT ON ECONOMIC CHARACTERS OF SILK WORM, BOMBYX MORI L

The effect of mineral deficiency on mulberry ntant was studied under pot culture with Kanva-2 mulberry variety under different deficient nutrient conditions. The leaves were chemically analysed and discussed. To test the quality of leaves, a feeding experiment was conducted by feeding the hybrid worm. LX NB,D, from stage upto cocoon formation. The larval, cocoon and silk characters revealed that deficiency in N P and K affected the growth and nutrient content of mulberry leaves which in turn affected the growth and economic characters of silk worm. Among the three elements, p deficiency affected the cocoon characters and silk characters very badly, because deficiency in 'P affected the up- take of other elements in mulberry leaves.

The effects of severe mineral nutrient deficiencies on the demography of leaves

Plants of flax (Linum usitatissimum) were grown in sand culture and provided with only deionized water or full nutrient solution or with nutrient solutions lacking nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium or calcium. The plants were exposed to these different nutritional régimes through­out their growth cycle, or the régimes were changed after 31 days of growth. The responses to the various treatments were measured by demographic methods, treating the foliage of a plant as a population of leaves. Leaves were allocated to cohorts as they unfolded so that leaf birth rates and death rates could be determined and survivorship could be related to age. The procedure allowed the process of senescence to be distinguished from ageing. The birth rate of leaves (as a measure of the activity of shoot apices) appeared to regulate the death rate of leaves on the same plant, presumably by determining in some way when minerals were withdrawn from older leaves. The linkage between birth and death rates was closest when potassium was deficient, and this is attributed to the high mobility of potassium in the plants. On calcium-deficient plants the older leaves had very long lives and low, eventually zero, leaf birth rates. Plants grown in deionized water produced very few leaves and leaf birth rate rapidly fell to zero but a few of the leaves had exceptionally long lives. The effects of mineral deficiencies on leaf demography are discussed in relation to known differences in the roles and mobilities of the various elements in plants and their different influences on leaf senescence. It is argued that the loss of nutrients from older leaves is a cause of, rather than a result of, leaf senescence.

Metallic elements in hydatid fluid.

Inorganic elements as micronutricnts play a vital role in metabolism and in immune mechanisms (Ballerker &amp; Prasad, 1983) and a significant role in the physiology of parasites. Their importance is shown by the harmful effects of mineral deficiencies in the host diet, particularly on gastro-intcstinal parasites (Von Brand, 1966). The presence of aluminium, cadmium, iron, manganese, nickel, sodium and tin has been shown in the corpuscles of Echinococcus granulosus which causes hydatid disease in man (Agosin, 1968). In this preliminary report, the quantities of trace elements in hydatid fluid from sheep and man are reported to show their possible importance as nutrients or as cofactors in the metabolism of the parasite.

Effect of mineral deficiency on amine formation in higher plants

Potassium deficiency caused putrescine accumulation in the leaves of barley, radish, pea, bean and spinach plants. Magnesium deficiency caused putrescine accumulation in barley, pea and bean leaves, and also in the leaves of older radish plants. In young radish plants less putrescine was found in magnesium deficiency, and in spinach magnesium deficiency was without effect on putrescine levels. Putrescine content may be a useful guide to the mineral status of legumes, since accumulation of this amine may be detected before deficiency symptoms appear. Radioactivity from l-arginine-[U- 14C] fed to barley seedlings was detected in agmatine within 2 hr, and probably also in the hordatines after 24 hr, feeding. After 2 hr the label in the agmatine was greatest in the potassium-deficient plants, but after 24 hr the level declined to that found in the agmatine of the leaves of the magnesium-deficient and control seedlings. The rate of putrescine formation was high in both potassium and magnesium deficiency. Incorporation of radioactivity in spermidine and spermine on feeding putrescine-[1,4- 14C] to barley seedlings was estimated in the dansylated amines after separation by TLC. Activity was higher in spermidine and lower in spermine in the potassium-deficient plants than in the controls. The spermidine/spermine ratio declined on excision of barley leaves.

Effect of phosphorus deficiency on the photosynthetic carbon dioxide fixation-products in tobacco plants

Abstract STEINBERG (1,2) demonstrated from a comparison of numerous data on quantity and relationship of protein to soluble nitrogen that symptom in mineral deficiency was caused by the disturbance of nitrogen or protein metabolism and that marked accumulation of free amino acids in deficient plants might result in the appearance of the deficient symptom. However, it is not known whether or not the disturbance or the accumulation would be affected by direct connection or primary physiological effect of mineral deficiency.

The effect of mineral deficiency and leaf age on the nitrogen and chlorophyll content of spinach chloroplasts

The nitrogen and chlorophyll content of chloroplasts from spinach plants varies with leaf age and the nutritional status of the plant. Both chlorophyll and nitrogen content of the chloroplasts increase with leaf age when plants are grown on full nutrient. Chloroplasts from manganese- and iron-deficient plants contain less chlorophyll but similar amounts of nitrogen to chloroplasts from plants grown on full nutrient. Chloroplasts from sulphur- and potassium-deficient plants contain lower amounts of both chlorophyll and nitrogen than control plants.

Study of the Dependence of Photosynthetic Yields on the Water and Mineral Supply Part 3: Effect of Mineral Deficiency on Photosynthesis using Double Labelling Technique

P32 and C14 have been used together to identify and tgrace the photosynthates of Zea mays during the seedling stage. By this double labelling technique and single labelling with C14O2 and H3P32O4, carbohydrates, amino acids, and phosphoproteins were identified on paper chromatograms. Tables and figures summarise the results obtained under different mineral deficiency. These results indicate the effects of the absence of P, Mg, K, N, Ca, and trace elements on both respiration and photosynthesis.

Effects of mineral deficiencies on amino acid utilization; critical role of potassium and phosphorus.

Summary1. Results of this study point to the critical role of potassium in amino acid utilization following protein depletion. Rats depleted only of protein failed completely, even when offered a complete source of amino acids, if at the same time potassium was withheld. If phosphorus was withheld during the repletion period, the rate of recovery was lessened, but complete failure and deaths did not result as with potassium deprivation. Deprivation of sodium, calcium or magnesium did not appear to have immediate limiting effects on the appetite of protein depleted rats for a complete amino acid source, or on their ability to recover lost weight. 2. Fourteen mg of potassium per rat day appeared to meet the requirement for this element. Addition of 10 mQv of potassium per liter to an intravenous protein hydrolysate appears to supply an effective, safe ratio of potassium to amino acid nitrogen.

Effect of Nutrition and Age upon Rate of Development of Terminal Staminate Inflorescences of Xanthium pennsylvanicum

1. Xanthium pennsylvanicum plants low in phosphorus, potassium, and nitrogen had the same critical day length as plants supplied with a nutrient solution containing all these elements. 2. Rate of development of terminal inflorescences of -N, -K, and -P plants was considerably affected at photoperiods near the critical. Lack of phosphorus decreased the rate of development more than lack of either nitrogen or potassium; and lack of nitrogen resulted in slower development than lack of potassium. 3. With each half-hour increase in length of the dark period from 81/2 to 101/2 hours there was an increasing tendency for the plants low in phosphorus, nitrogen, or potassium to develop at the same rate as the plants grown with a non-deficient solution. Thus it appears that by increasing the length of the dark period the detrimental effect of mineral deficiency on rate of development of floral primordia may be overcome. 4. Age of leaf tissue definitely affects the critical day length. The first fully expanded leaf h...

The effects of phosphorus deficiency on citrus

does not appear. First page follows. Introduction Information concerning the effects of mineral deficiencies and excesses on plants has proved of great value in the diagnosis of nutritional disorders in the field and has also provided many clues as to the function and interrelation of elements in plant metabolism and nutrition. In the case of citrus, knowledge of this subject, though extensive, is far from complete. Certain deficiencies, for example, have never been seen or produced on bearing trees; nor is it known, in many instances, which of the effects of a deficiency are primary and which secondary. Investigations concerned with various phases of citrus nutrition have led to the realization that a more thorough understanding of this subject is indispensable—is, in fact, a necessary cornerstone for further effective work. There are indications, too, that certain obscure physiological disorders affecting fruit production and fruit quality may be related to nutrition. Hence considerable experimental work has been carried out and is under way to extend our knowledge of the incipient andacute effects of deficiencies and excesses of mineral elements on the various species of citrus. In connection with a soil-fertilizer experiment with young nave-lorange trees in large containers (55-gallon oil drums), acute phosphorus deficiency developed in one of the soils used. Since, to the knowledge of the authors, the effects of a lack of this element on bearing orange trees have never been described, an account of the onset and progressive stages of this disorder is set forth herein.

Physiological Studies in Plant Nutrition

Journal Article Physiological Studies in Plant Nutrition: IX. The Effect of Mineral Deficiency on the Fructosan Metabolism of the Barley Plant Get access R. S. RUSSELL R. S. RUSSELL From the Research Institute of Plant Physiology, Imperial College of Science and TechnologyLondon Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Annals of Botany, Volume 2, Issue 4, October 1938, Pages 865–882, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a084040 Published: 01 October 1938

Effect of Mineral Deficiency on the Yield and Composition of Cow's Milk

The relation of mineral deficiencies in the ration to the yield of milk is a question of considerable economic importance. It is also important to know from the nutritional standpoint whether the mineral elements of the milk ash--especially calcium and phosphorus--are affected by an insufficient supply of these in the feed consumed by the animal. Jt has long been observed in some of the extremely mineral deficient areas of Europe and Africa that the mill~ yields are reduced markedly when outbreaks of osteomalacia occur. Tuff (1) noted that a decrease in milk yield was a common result of shortage of lime and phosphoric acid in the roughages fed to cows in a part of Norway. If a mineral supplement such as bonemeal or herring meal was fed, the yield of milk was greater. With cows on pasture where osteomalacia did not occur, the milk yield was satisfactory even without such mineral supplements. Theiler (2) observed that ten cows receiving a ration otherwise very deficient in phosphorous produced 40 per cent more milk when the ration was supplemented with bonemeal than did another similar group of cows without bonemeal. Weiske (3) noted that cows decreased in milk flow when receiving a ration low in calcium and phosphorous and Fingerling (4) noted the same results with goats. Hasselbalch (5) divided a large herd of Jersey cows into two groups, one group receiving a commercial mineral mixture. This