Effect Of Milk Consumption Research Articles

Effect Of Milk Consumption After Daily Exercise In Female Athlete: Considering The Menstrual Cycle

Effect Of Milk Consumption After Daily Exercise In Female Athlete: Considering The Menstrual Cycle

The Effects of Milk Consumption on Blood Calcium Concentration and Bone Density of Adolescents Boys

Milk consumption during adolescence is considered an early means of preventing osteoporosis in adults. Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disease characterised by low bone density and microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissues, with a consequent increase in bone fragility and suspectibility to fracture. Augmenting bone mass during adolescence has been suggested as a strategy to prevent osteoporosis, because adolescents may represent the final opportunity for substantially increasing bone mass before skeletal consolidation. The purpose of this study was to determine effects of fresh and high calcium milk on blood calcium concentration and bone density. Variables measured in this study were blood calcium concentration, bone density of spine and bone density of whole body. 
 The study using 55 adolescent boys that had 17 to 19 years old. The design of this study is nested randomized design with two factors are kind of mil (fresh milk, high calcium milk) and volume of each kind of milk (250 ml, 500 ml, 750 ml). Results of the study indicated that fresh and high calcium milk in this research not significant effects (P>0.05) on blood calcium concentration and bone density of whole body. But, high calcium milk consumption was able to increase bone density. It was found that high calcium consumption showed very highly significant effect (P<0.01) on bone density of spine with 1.79% contributions. Based on general linear model equation, bone density of trunk can be estimated by high calcium milk consumption.
 Keywords : milk consumption, adolescence, blood calcium concentration, bone density

Associations between diet and acne lesions.

Acne is one of the most common dermatological conditions affecting millions of people worldwide. It is assumed that the main etiological factors acne are considered to be the excessive production of sebum and hormones, and the colonisation of P. acnes bacteria. The relationship between diet and acne lesions is still the subject of debate and scientific criticism. On the one hand, studies suggest that an elimination diet is of no benefit in the treatment of acne, while other studies indicate that there is a close a close relationship between diet and the occurrence of acne lesions. Already in the 1970s, some scientists claimed that the course of acne could be modified by specific dietary components. Several studies have confirmed, among others, the role of a diet with a high glycemic index diet in acne exacerbation and suggested that a low glycemic index diet for several weeks may lead to a reduction in the number of acne lesions. The effect of milk consumption was also investigated in terms for its potential role in acne pathogenesis, including its ability to increase insulin levels. In the last decade, studies have also emerged to determine the effect of dark chocolate on the exacerbation of acne symptoms. To date, it has not been conclusively established which component of chocolate may have a potentially adverse effects on the course of acne. The article summaries the current knowledge on the relationship between diet and acne lesions, and discusses the results of recent studies on selected dietary components that may exacerbate acne.

Effect of Milk on Muscle Glycogen Recovery and Exercise Performance: A Systematic Review

ABSTRACT Milk is a rich nutrient content beverage that may improve postexercise recovery. We systematically reviewed the evidence regarding the effects of milk consumption on athletes' muscle glycogen recovery and subsequent exercise performance, complementing with a practical recommendation on how athletes can use milk as a recovery aid. A literature search was conducted in databases up to April 2020 according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement. Nine studies were included assessing the effect of milk, chocolate milk, or milk with additional carbohydrate on glycogen resynthesis and exercise performance outcomes. Milk-based beverages provide similar results when compared to carbohydrate replacement drink, and no evidence of superiority was found. Carbohydrate-added milk beverages, especially chocolate milk, are a sports drink option for postexercise muscle glycogen recovery and subsequent exercise performance, when they have an adequate carbohydrate amount. Milk-based beverages may support optimal postexercise short-term recovery.

Cow milk does not affect adiposity in growing piglets as a model for children

The effect of milk consumption on childhood obesity is unclear and a direct demonstration of an association is needed. In the present study, we used piglets as a model for prepubertal children to determine the effect of milk on adipose tissue. Two studies were conducted: study 1 with 5-wk-old male piglets (n = 8) and study 2 with 8- to 9-wk-old male piglets (n = 12). The piglets were fed a normal growing diet and randomly assigned to receive daily either 750 mL of whole cow milk or an isocaloric maltodextrin solution (control). For approximately 12 wk, body weight, feed intake, and subcutaneous back fat thickness were determined ultrasonographically and recorded. At euthanasia, back and neck fat thicknesses were measured and samples of back fat were collected for adipose histology. In study 1, but not study 2, piglets receiving milk grew more and ate more compared with control. In study 1, both back fat and neck fat thickness were greater in the milk-fed piglets and they had a higher frequency of small adipocytes and a lower frequency of intermediate and large adipocytes compared with controls. In study 2, control pigs had a significantly greater frequency of intermediate adipocytes but the milk-fed piglets tended to have a higher frequency of the largest adipocytes. In conclusion, milk has no apparent causal or consistent effect on adipose tissue in growing piglets.

The effect of milk consumption on acne: a meta-analysis of observational studies.

Acne is a common skin condition in developed countries with western diets. The effect of milk on acne has been highly controversial. To examine the association between milk consumption and acne risk, we conducted a meta-analysis of available data. We carried out comprehensive databases search of PubMed, Embase, Medline and Cochrane Library and identified four cohort studies and nine case-control or cross-sectional studies, including a total of 71 819 participants. We evaluated the pooled odds ratio (OR) with its 95% confidence interval (CI) using a random effects model. Subgroup analyses on acne severity, milk forms and milk intake levels were performed. Compared with non-consumers, the pooled OR was 1.16 (95% CI 1.09-1.24) for overall milk consumers in all included studies, and 1.17 (95% CI 1.10-1.24) in cohort studies and 1.16 (95% CI 1.09-1.24) in case-control or cross-sectional studies. Subgroup analysis on milk forms determined a stronger association in skim milk consumers (OR = 1.24, 95% CI 1.13-1.37) than in low-fat consumers (OR = 1.14, 95% CI 1.08-1.22) and full-fat consumers (OR = 1.13, 95% CI 1.05-1.21). The pooled OR was greater for high intake level of milk (OR = 1.12, 95% CI 1.01-1.24) than medium intake level of milk (OR = 1.08, 95% CI 1.00-1.17). A subset study of moderate-to-severe acne also found a positive association with milk consumption (OR 1.18, 95% CI 1.01-1.37), while no statistically significant association was found between mild acne risk and milk consumption (OR 1.14, 95% CI 0.86-1.51). This meta-analysis provides evidence of a positive association between milk consumption and acne risk.

Consensus document: nutritional and metabolic importance of cow's milk

Cow's milk is a staple food for human consumption at all stages of life. Industrial processing has allowed widespread access to its consumption by the population, which has helped to significantly improve their health. From its composition point of view, milk is a complete and balanced food that provides high nutrient content in relation to its calorie content, so its consumption should be considered necessary from childhood to elderly. The benefits of cow's milk are not limited to its nutritional value, but extend beyond and are a factor of prevention in certain non communicable pathologies as cardiovascular disease, some cancers, high blood pressure or bone or dental pathology. It can also help in the fight against childhood overweight and obesity. In recent years we have seen a worrying decline in milk consumption among the Spanish population, at least in part influenced by misconceptions about its consumption and of other dairy products. This consensus document aims to review the current state of the topic regarding the effects of milk consumption on health, while making a call to the institutions and scientific societies to develop programs and information campaigns about the benefits of milk and dairy products consumption.

Effect of milk consumption on rehydration in youth following exercise in the heat.

Low-fat milk is thought to be an effective postexercise rehydration beverage in adults; however, little is known about milk's rehydration ability in children after exercising in the heat. This study tested the hypothesis that because of its electrolyte and protein content, skim milk (SM) would be more effective than both water (W) and a carbohydrate/electrolyte solution (CES) in replacing body fluid losses in children following exercise in the heat. Thirty-eight (19 females) heat-acclimated pre- to early pubertal (PEP, aged 7-11 years) and mid- to late-pubertal (MLP, aged 14-17 years) children performed 3 sessions in 34.5 °C, 47.3% relative humidity, consisting of 2 × 20-min cycling bouts at 60% peak oxygen uptake followed by consumption of either W, CES, or SM. Each beverage was consumed immediately after exercise in a volume equal to 100% of their body mass loss during exercise. Urine samples were collected before, during, and after exercise, as well as the 2-h period following beverage consumption. On average, children dehydrated 1.3% ± 0.4%. Children ingested 0.40 ± 0.11 L (PEP) and 0.74 ± 0.20 L (MLP) of fluid. The fraction of the ingested beverage retained at 2 h of recovery was greater with SM (74% ± 18%) than W (47% ± 26%) and CES (59% ± 20%, p < 0.001 for both), and greater in CES than W (p < 0.001). All participants were in a hypohydrated state after 2 h of recovery, following the pattern SM < CES < W. In both PEP and MLP children, SM is more effective than W and CES at replacing fluid losses that occur during exercise in the heat.

The effect of fluid dairy products on food intake, glycemic and appetite hormone responses in children (120.3)

Dairy intake has been linked to healthier body weight (BW) in children, but the effect of milk consumption on short‐term food intake (FI) has not been explored in this group. We examined the effect of milk compared to other commonly consumed drinks on subjective appetite (SA), FI, glycemia and appetite hormones (AH) in normal weight (NW) and overweight/obese (OWOB) children in two experiments. Exp. 1 compared the effects of pre‐meal and within meal consumption of isocaloric (130 kcal) and isovolumetric (250 mL) drinks of 2% milk, 1% chocolate milk (CM), 1.5% yogurt drink (YD), fruit punch (FP) and water on SA and FI at a pizza meal given 60 min later in NW and OWOB children. In all children, FI was 13 and 9% lower after CM and YD, respectively (P &lt; 0.01), than water. Post‐meal SA was lower after milk than YD (P &lt; 0.01). Exp. 2 compared the effects of pre‐meal and within meal consumption of milk and FP on SA, FI 60 min later, glucose and AH responses in NW and OWOB children. Pre‐meal SA increased and post‐meal SA decreased more after milk than FP (P &lt; 0.05). Meal‐time FI and glucose and insulin AUCs were similar after the drinks and not affected by BW, but AH responses were altered. GLP‐1 AUC was higher after milk than FP and in OWOB compared to NW children (P &lt; 0.03). The post‐prandial drop in ghrelin was greater after milk than FP in OWOB children (‐24 vs. ‐14%, P = 0.06), but similar in NW children after both drinks (‐12 vs. ‐16%, P = 0.58). Thus, pre‐meal and within meal milk consumption stimulates GLP‐1 and leads to greater ghrelin suppression in OWOB children, with no effect on FI.Grant Funding Source: Supported by Dairy Farmers of Canada

Effect of Milk Consumption and the Glycemic Response on Healthy College Aged Subjects

Evening dietary habits may affect endocrine activity and glycemic response the following morning. This may influence the high fasting glucose levels often observed in type 2 diabetics (Dawn Effect). This study determined the effect of evening milk consumption on morning glycemic response. Healthy subjects (19 ± 1 yr; BMI 23 ± 1) were randomized into groups that consumed either 355 mL of 2% cow's milk (n=43; 183 Cal) or 355 mL water (control; n=42) nine hours prior to an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT=50g/255 ml). Following an overnight fast from all foods/beverages except water and a 15‐minute acclimation period after lab arrival, baseline blood glucose was measured (0 min). Blood glucose was re‐assessed 30, 60, 120 minutes post‐OGTT. Blood glucose in evening milk consumers at 0, 30, 60, and 120 min was 84.6 ± 1.4, 136.8 ± 3.7, 138.1 ± 4.0, and 103.8 ± 2.8 mg/dL, respectively. Control blood glucose was 82.4 ± 1.5, 130.8 ± 3.3, 130.7 ± 4.2, and 105.0 ± 3.0 mg/dL, respectively. Blood glucose AUC for milk‐ and water‐ pre‐OGTT was 13710.8 ± 316.6 and 14089.7 ± 313.0. Glycemic responses displayed no significant differences between milk and control treatments. Evening milk consumption does not appear to alter morning glycemic response in healthy, non‐diabetic subjects. However, influence of evening milk on AM glycemic status remains to be tested in type 2 diabetics.

Meta-analysis of the relationship between dairy product consumption and gastric cancer

To clarify the effect of milk consumption on gastric cancer in China. China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and other Chinese databases were searched for randomized controlled trials reporting the relationship between dairy products consumption and gastric carcinoma patients from January 1985 to June 2008. Manual searching was also performed. Gastric carcinoma, dietary, milk or diary product were using as key words. A Meta-analysis method was applied to estimate the combined odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) between dairy product consumption and gastric cancer. Eight case-control studies published between 1985 and 2008 were selected for Meta-analysis. The cumulative cases and controls were 1684 and 5410, respectively. Fixed-effect model was used because of homogeneity among these studies. The overall pooled OR estimate was 0.57 (95% CI = 0.46 - 0.71), suggesting a negative association between dairy product consumption and gastric cancer. This Meta-analysis supports the hypothesis that dairy product consumption might decrease the risk of gastric cancer.

The effect of milk consumption on bone mass density in obese and thin adult women

The effect of milk consumption on bone mass density in obese and thin adult women Study aim: To assess the effect of milk consumption lasting two months on BMD of obese and thin young women. Material and methods: A group of 38 untrained women (18 obese [O] - BMI&gt;30, and 20 thin [T] - BMI&lt;20), aged 20 - 25, years participated in the study. They were randomly assigned into BMI-matched experimental [E] or control [C] groups containing 9 obese and 10 thin subjects each. Experimental groups were given 2 glasses of milk (600 mg/day of calcium; fat content 1.5%) for 2 months, 3 days a week. At the beginning (Pre) and at the end (Post) of the study, bone mass density (BMD) at the hip and spine (L2-L4) was measured using DEXA technique, and oestrogens, calcium and phosphorus were determined in serum. Body fat content (%F) and lean body mass (LBM) were determined using the bioimpedance (BIA) technique. Results: In both experimental groups BMD significantly (p&lt;0.05 - 0.001) increased in both areas by 4 - 7%. In the TE group, %F significantly (p&lt;0.05) decreased by 8% and LBM significantly (p&lt;0.001) increased by 3%. Serum calcium decreased in all groups except OC by 3 - 5% (p&lt;0.05 - 0.01) and oestrogens markedly increased in all groups except TC. Conclusion: The data suggest that adequate milk intake (thus calcium) in adolescence is an indicator of attaining adequate bone mass density, thus preventing the risk of osteoporosis.

The inclusion of milk fortified with micronutrients increases the effectiveness of a calorie restricted diet to reduce obesity in Women

The effect of milk consumption on weight loss, body composition, lipids profile and blood pressure was evaluated in a randomized, double‐blind, controlled longitudinal study. 139 women (34 ± 6 y) were assigned to one of the following groups: a) 250mL of low‐fat milk (LFM) 3‐times/day and a calorie restricted diet (‐500 kcal); b) 250mL of low‐fat milk added with micronutrients (LFM+M) 3‐times/day and a calorie restricted diet (‐500 kcal); c) calorie restricted diet (CRD)(‐500 kcal). All treatments were administered for 16 weeks. Weight, height, hip and waist circumferences were measured at 0,4,8,12 and 16 weeks. Body composition and blood pressure were evaluated at 0 and 16 weeks. A fasting blood sample was taken at 0 and 16 weeks to determine lipids profile. 107 women finished the study. ANOVA adjusted for age, initial value and community was used to evaluate the treatment effect. After 16 weeks, LFM+M had significantly more weight loss (‐5.81±3.24 Kg) compared to LFM (‐4.06±3.27 Kg) and CRD (‐4.06±3.25 Kg) (p&lt;0.05). BMI change in LFM+M (‐2.61±1.40 Kg/m2) was significantly different to LFM (‐1.75±1.40 Kg/m2) and CRD (‐1.67±1.39 Kg/m2)(p&lt;0.05). % body fat changes in LFM+M (‐2.67±1.66%) was significantly different to LFM (‐1.79±1.68%) and CRD (‐1.63±1.66%)(p&lt;0.05). No differences were found between groups in waist circumference, blood pressure, and lipids profile. In conclusion, three daily servings of LFM+M together with a calorie restricted diet could be an effective strategy for the treatment of obesity in adult women.

Consumption of milk and calcium in midlife and the future risk of Parkinson disease

To examine the relation between milk and calcium intake in midlife and the risk of Parkinson disease (PD). Findings are based on dietary intake observed from 1965 to 1968 in 7,504 men ages 45 to 68 in the Honolulu Heart Program. Men were followed for 30 years for incident PD. In the course of follow-up, 128 developed PD (7.1/10,000 person-years). Age-adjusted incidence of PD increased with milk intake from 6.9/10,000 person-years in men who consumed no milk to 14.9/10,000 person-years in men who consumed >16 oz/day (p = 0.017). After further adjustment for dietary and other factors, there was a 2.3-fold excess of PD (95% CI 1.3 to 4.1) in the highest intake group (>16 oz/day) vs those who consumed no milk. The effect of milk consumption on PD was also independent of the intake of calcium. Calcium from dairy and nondairy sources had no apparent relation with the risk of PD. Findings suggest that milk intake is associated with an increased risk of Parkinson disease. Whether observed effects are mediated through nutrients other than calcium or through neurotoxic contaminants warrants further study.

Does milk make children grow? relationships between milk consumption and height in NHANES 1999-2002

In the United States, milk (usually cow's milk) is widely considered an "essential food" to support bone growth among post-weaning age children, as evident in government-sponsored nutrition policies that mandate milk for children. Milk contains calories, protein, and calcium, among other nutrients, and bioactive components such as insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), all of which may facilitate bone growth. There is a large literature on milk and/or calcium intake and its effects on bone density, but one aspect of bone mass--height--is not well studied in relation to milk consumption. Limited experimental studies show no consistent relationship across populations. To investigate this linkage among American children, analysis of the NHANES 1999-2002 was undertaken. NHANES data allow two hypotheses to be tested: (1) reported frequency of childhood milk consumption will be positively related to adult height and (2) height of children 5-18 years will be predicted by the reported frequency of milk consumption and/or milk intake from a 24-h dietary recall. Results indicate that adult height was positively associated with milk consumption at ages 5-12 and 13-17, after controlling for sex, education, and ethnicity. Among contemporary children, milk consumption had no effect on the height of 5-11 year olds after controlling for age, birthweight, energy intake, and ethnicity. In contrast, milk consumption frequency and milk intake (measured as grams of milk, or protein or calcium from milk) were significant predictors of the height of 12-18 year olds, along with age, sex, household income, and ethnicity. The greatest ethnic contrasts were between Mexican Americans and non-Hispanic whites and blacks, and milk variables remained significant predictors of height in these comparisons. Thus NHANES data show substantial variability in the effects of milk consumption on height.

Consumo de leite de vaca e anemia na infância no Município de São Paulo

To evaluate the influence of the consumption of cow's milk on the risk of anemia during childhood in the city of São Paulo. We have studied a probabilistic sample (n=584) of underfive children living in the city of São Paulo, southeastern Brazil, between 1995 and 1996. Anemia (hemoglobin <11 g/dl) was diagnosed using capillary blood obtained by fingertip puncture. The cow's milk content and the density of heme and nonheme iron in the child's diet were obtained using 24-hour recall questionnaires. Multiple linear and logistic regression models were used to study the association between cow's milk content in the diet and hemoglobin concentration or risk of anemia, and included statistical control for potential confounders (age, sex, birthweight, presence of intestinal parasites, family income, and mother's schooling). The prevalence of anemia was 45.2% and the mean contribution of milk to the total caloric content of the children's diets was 22.0%. The association between milk consumption and risk of anemia remained significant, even after considering the dilutive effect of milk consumption on the density of iron in the diet, thus indicating a possible inhibitor effect of milk on the absorption of the iron present in the other foods ingested by the child. The relative participation of cow's milk in the child's diet showed a significant positive association with risk of anemia in children between ages six and 60 months, regardless of the density of iron in the diet.

The effect of milk consumption on growth inchildren with cystic fibrosis

The effect of milk consumption on growth inchildren with cystic fibrosis

Milk consumption and bone mineral density in middle aged and elderly women.

To study the effects of historical milk consumption on current bone mineral density at the hip and spine. Cross sectional study. 284 community based women aged 44-74 years recruited from four general practice age-sex registers in Cambridge. Subjects categorised their average milk consumption up to age 25, from age 25-44, and from age 44 to the present time as > or = 1 glass/day, < 1 glass/day but > 1 glass/week, or < 1 glass/week. Bone mineral density at the hip and spine measured by dual energy x ray absorptiometry. Data on milk consumption up to age 25 years were available for 252 women. There was a consistent upward trend in bone mineral density at all sites with increasing historical milk consumption (total hip, femoral neck, trochanter, intertrochanter, P < 0.05; Ward's triangle, P = 0.005). Adjustment for age and body size did not alter these trends. Milk consumption up to age 25 was a significant independent predictor of bone mineral density at all sites in multiple linear regression analyses controlling for age, body mass index, menopausal status, smoking, ever use of hormone replacement therapy or oral contraceptives, physical activity, and alcohol intake. The effects of milk consumption from age 25-44 and from age 44 to the present were similar in direction though not statistically significant. Frequent milk consumption before age 25 favourably influences hip bone mass in middle aged and older women.

A model for the evaluation of different production strategies for animal production from rangeland in developing areas: An overview

An interactive user‐friendly computer package is being developed to assist planners and managers with the evaluation of different livestock production strategies in semi‐arid regions. It comprises a hierarchy of simulation models that predict over time the effects of past and present rainfall, stocking rates, milking and sales policies on herbage availability, body mass of cows and their progeny, output of milk for sale and herd composition. Herbage on offer is modelled daily in relation to soil moisture and defoliation. Herbage and energy consumption by each animal are functions of its size, physiological status and previous nutrition, supplementary feeding and the availability and composition of herbage. In calves the effect of milk consumption on solid food intake is also considered. Dietary energy is partitioned within the animal according to potential between body tissues, milk production and the conceptus. The inputs for the model are rainfall for every day of the period, initial body mass for each ...

Postmenopausal bone density and milk consumption in childhood and adolescence

Skeletal mass is a major determinant of susceptibility to osteoporotic fracture in menopause. At menopause, the skeletal mass is the resultant of the Peak Skeletal Mass (PSM) reached early adulthood minus the bone mass lost through the process of Adult Bone Loss (ABL). Current interventions for the maintenance of skeletal resilience in advanced age address the ABL peri- or postmenopausally. This study indicates that the effects of milk consumption in childhood and adolescence on bone density may manifest as higher bone density decades later in menopause. The assumed mechanism of the reported effect is through augmentation of the PSM, and acquisition of favorable nutritional habits which may influence the extent of ABL.