Effects Of Mannan Oligosaccharide Supplementation Research Articles

Effects of Mannanoligosaccharide Supplementation on the Growth Performance, Immunity, and Oxidative Status of Partridge Shank Chickens

Simple SummaryTo keep animals healthy and maintain sustainability, modern poultry production industry uses functional feed additives such as mannanoligosaccharides to minimize the potential threat of disease and protect the intestinal mucosa against invading microorganisms. However, most of them are obtained by chemical synthesis that may cause environmental pollution. Thus, we found a way to produce mannanooligosaccharides by an enzyme called β-mannanase to avoid pollution. This enzyme is produced by the fungus species Aspergillus niger. In the present study, we evaluated such enzymatic mannanooligosaccharide and found it can improve oxidative status and immunity in broiler chickens.Mannanoligosaccharides (MOS) can be used in poultry production to modulate immunity and improve growth performance. So, we hypothesized that our enzymatic MOS could achieve the same effects in broilers. To investigate this, a total of 192 one-day-old Partridge Shank chickens were allocated to four dietary treatments consisting of six replicates with eight chicks per replicate, and they were fed a basal diet supplemented with 0, 0.5, 1 and 1.5 g MOS per kg of diet(g/kg) for42 days. Treatments did not affect the growth performance of chickens. Dietary MOS linearly increased the relative weight of the bursa of Fabricius and jejunal immunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) content, whereas it linearly decreased cecal Salmonella colonies at 21 days (p < 0.05). The concentration of jejunal secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) and IgG at 42 days as well as ileal sIgA, IgG, and IgM at 21 and 42 days were quadratically enhanced by MOS supplementation (p < 0.05). Also, chickens fed MOS exhibited linear and quadratic reduction in jejunal malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation (p < 0.05). In conclusion, this enzymatic MOS can improve the immune function and intestinal oxidative status of Partridge Shank chickens.

Effect of mannan oligosaccharide supplementation on blood and intestinal immune cells, bacteria numbers and performance in weaned pigs

In animal production, alternative strategies to the use of antibiotic growth promoters have stimulated research of dietary supplements to increase resistance, reduce post-weaning gut disorders and growth checks in pigs. This study was performed to determine the influence of dietary mannan oligosaccharide as a potential alternative to antibiotic growth promoters in weaned pigs on: (1) proliferation of circulating and intestinal immune cell subsets, (2) incidence and severity of diarrhoea, and (3) performance during 35 days of trial. Forty-six pigs from a commercial farm were divided into two groups comprising 23 pigs each and treated at 4 weeks of age as follows: controls received standard weaner diet, whereas diet for principals was supplemented with 0.2% of mannan oligosaccharide. The pigs were monitored/sampled on daily, weekly or monthly basis for feed efficiency, growth rate, diarrhoea severity scores, blood samples, rectal swabs and intesinal samples for bacterial isolation/counts and immunohistology/histomorphometry analyses. The principals were heavier (P&lt; 0.05) at 28 days and grew faster between days 7 and 28 compared to controls. Total diarrhoea score recorded in these pigs was decreased by 20.37%. Total bacterial load in jejunum was decreased in these pigs (23 × 107vs. 19 × 108colony forming units/ml) at day 35. Between days 28 and 35 or days 21 and 28, the principals increased in proportions of circulating CD45+, CD4+, CD21+, CD8+cells (P&lt; 0.01), respectively. These pigs had increased (P&lt; 0.05) the number of CD45RA+cells in interfollicular and follicular areas of ileal Payer’s patches at day 35. We concluded that dietary modulation with mannan oligosaccharide resulted in stimulation of immune responses and reduced number of gut microbiota, but not necessarily promoting the growth of pigs.

The Effect of Mannan Oligosaccharide Supplementation on Atlantic Salmon Smolts (Salmo salar L.) Fed Diets with High Levels of Plant Proteins

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary mannan oligosaccharide (MOS) supplementation on Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar L.) smolts (~ 47 g) reared in sea cages. The first treatment (control) consisted of fish fed the basal diet and the second treatment (MOS) fish were fed the same basal diet supplemented with 0.4% MOS. In the basal diet, 51.8% of the diet protein was derived from fish meal and 48.2% from vegetable protein (e.g. soy and wheat). After 14 weeks feeding on the experimental diets the results demonstrated that MOS supplementation did not affect growth performance, however, body protein composition was significantly increased. Additionally, liver histochemistry revealed that glycogen deposition in liver tissue increased from 1.80 ± 0.73 AU in the control fed fish to 2.58 ± 0.91 AU in the MOS fed fish. Histology of the anterior intestine demonstrated that MOS supplementation produced a significantly higher absorptive surface of 4.63 ± 0.62 AU compared to the control fed fish of 3.65 ±0.49 AU. The microvilli density was also significantly higher in the anterior intestine in the MOS fed fish,12.02 ± 5.95 AU, when compared to the control fed fish 5.90 ± 1.53 AU. Similar results for the absorptive area and microvilli density were observed in the posterior intestinal region.Microvilli length increased in the posterior intestine from 1.10 ± 0.18 μm in the control group to 1.41 ± 0.19 μm in the MOS fed fish. Furthermore, counts of sea lice attached to fish and total number of fish infected by sea lice were significantly lower in the MOS fed fish. The present study shows that 0.4% MOS supplementation was able to improve intestinal morphology, increase carcass protein content and glycogen deposition in the liver.

The Effect of Mannan Oligosaccharide Supplementation on Body Weight Gain and Fat Accrual in C57Bl/6J Mice

The prevalence of obesity in industrialized societies has become markedly elevated. In contrast, model organism research shows that reducing caloric intake below ad libitum levels provides many health and longevity benefits. Despite these benefits, few people are willing and able to reduce caloric intake over prolonged periods. Prior research suggests that mannooligosaccharide (MOS or mannan) supplementation can increase lifespan of some livestock and in rodents can reduce visceral fat without reducing caloric intake. Hence, we tested the effect of MOS supplementation as a possible calorie restriction (CR) mimetic (CRM) in mice. C57Bl/6J male mice were fed a high-fat "western" type diet with or without 1% MOS (by weight) supplementation (n = 24/group) from 8 to 20 weeks of age. Animals were housed individually and provided 95% of ad libitum food intake throughout the study. Body weight was measured weekly and body composition (lean and fat mass) measured noninvasively every 3 weeks. Individual fat depot weights were acquired by dissection at study completion. Supplementation of a high-fat diet with 1% MOS tended to reduce total food intake (mean +/- s.d.; control (CON): 293.69 +/- 10.53 g, MOS: 288.10 +/- 11.82 g; P = 0.09) during the study. Moreover, MOS supplementation had no significant effect on final body weight (CON: 25.21 +/- 2.31 g, MOS: 25.28 +/- 1.49 g; P = 0.91), total fat (CON: 4.72 +/- 0.90 g, MOS: 4.82 +/- 0.83 g; P = 0.69), or visceral fat (CON: 1.048 +/- 0.276 g, MOS: 1.004 +/- 0.247 g; P = 0.57). Contrary to previous research, MOS supplementation had no discernable effect on body weight gain or composition during this 12-week study, challenging the potential use of MOS as a CRM or body composition enhancer.

Efficacy of Three Potential Alternatives to Antimicrobial Feed Additives for Weanling Pigs

Three 5-wk growth trials involving 288 weanling pigs were conducted to assess the efficacy of three feed additives as alternatives to antimicrobial feed additives. In Trial 1, a mannanoligosaccha-ride (MOS) source was evaluated with the antimicrobial feed additive carbadox. Treatments included 1) a control diet, 2) a diet containing MOS (0.3% during wk 1 and 0.2% for wk 2 through 5), 3) a diet containing carbadox (55 ppm), and 4) a diet containing both additives. For the 5-wk trial, ADG was 446, 450, 489, and 489 g, and ADFI was 770, 769, 840, and 826g for Treatments 1 through 4, respectively. No effects of MOS supplementation and no interaction effects of MOS and carbadox were observed (P>0.40). Dietary addition of carbadox resulted in an 8% increase in feed consumption and a 9% improvement in growth rate (P<0.01). In Trial 2, a probiotic consisting of Bacillus licheniformis and subtilis was assessed. Treatments included 1) a control diet, 2) a diet containing Bacillus additive (0.1%), 3) a diet containing carbadox (55 ppm), and 4) a diet containing both additives. Overall ADG was 483, 458, 521, and 503 g, and ADFI was 779, 759, 818, and 795 for Treatments 1 through 4, respectively. Overall there was no Bacillus × carbadox interaction (P>0.40). A slight reduction in growth rate with Bacillus supplementation was observed (P<0.05). Carbadox improved growth rate by 9% and improved feed conversion efficiency by 4% (P<0.01). In Trial 3, increasing dietary levels of a polyaspartate biopolymer product (PAB) (0, 100, 200, and 400ppm) were assessed. Overall ADG was 502, 491, 491, and 513 g, and ADFI was 889, 836, 823, and 866 for the 0, 100, 200, and 400 ppm PAB treatments, respectively. There was a quadratic change in ADFI with increasing PAB level (P<0.06), but no other effect of PAB was observed. Under the conditions of these trials, no improvements in growth performance with the alternative feed additive products were observed. The antimicrobial feed additive carbadox was effective in improving weanling pig growth performance.