Effects Of Low-intensity Ultrasound Research Articles

Correction: Effect of Low-Intensity Ultrasound on the Temperature Field and Microstructure of 2219 Aluminum Alloy

Correction: Effect of Low-Intensity Ultrasound on the Temperature Field and Microstructure of 2219 Aluminum Alloy

Effect of Low-Intensity Ultrasound on the Temperature Field and Microstructure of 2219 Aluminum Alloy

Effect of Low-Intensity Ultrasound on the Temperature Field and Microstructure of 2219 Aluminum Alloy

Biomechanical Response of Cancer Stem Cells to Low-intensity Ultrasound.

The presence of stem cells in cancer may increase the chances of drug resistance and invasiveness. Low-intensity ultrasound (LIUS) can regulate the biological and mechanical properties of cells and participate in cellular migration and differentiation. Although LIUS has shown significant potential in cancer treatment, the effects of LIUS on migration and drug resistance of cancer stem cells (CSCs) have remained less understanding on an angle of biomechanical. Hence, the objective of this work is to analyze the biomechanical response of LIUS to CSCs. In this study, we selected human ovarian cancer cell line A2780 and ovarian cancer stem cells (OCSCs) were enriched from A2780 cells, and observed that OCSCs had higher drug sensitivity and lower invasiveness than A2780 cells after LIUS exposure. Furthermore, we further analyzed the changes in cell morphology, cytoskeleton, and membrane stiffness of A2780 cells and OCSCs at various intensities of LIUS, these results showed that LIUS could induce morphological changes, F-actin formation and increase membrane stiffness, which could help to suppress migration and reduce the drug resistance of OCSCs. Our findings will help establish a better understanding of the biomechanical response to LIUS in CSCs, and future studies on cancer will benefit from the careful consideration of the cellular response of CSCs to LIUS stimulation, ultimately allowing for the development of more effective therapies.

Effects of Low-Intensity Ultrasound on Anammox Granular Sludge

Effects of Low-Intensity Ultrasound on Anammox Granular Sludge

Immunological features of chronic endometritis

Chronic endometritis is a clinical and morphological syndrome with a complex of morphological and functional changes in the endometrium, leading to a violation of the physiological cyclic transformation and receptivity of endometrial tissues. The treatment of chronic endometritis requires special consideration. Despite the progress of pharmacotherapy, there are significant methodological and practical difficulties. Cavitated solutions, low-intensity ultrasound effects, and photochromotherapy increase the effectiveness of the treatment of chronic endometritis and female infertility.

The Effects of Low-Intensity Ultrasound on Toxigenic Cyanobacteria

The Effects of Low-Intensity Ultrasound on Toxigenic Cyanobacteria

Curcumin combined with low-intensity ultrasound suppresses the growth of glioma cells via inhibition of the AKT pathway.

Malignant glioma is the most lethal form of brain cancer, and effective therapeutic modalities remain unavailable to date. We aim to investigate whether low-dose curcumin combined with low-intensity ultrasound (LIUS) effectively suppresses the growth of glioma cells and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Glioma cells were treated with LIUS and curcumin. Subsequently, the effects of LIUS and curcumin on glioma cells were determined by CCK-8 assay, EdU assay, and flow cytometry analysis, respectively. Western blot analysis was performed to examine the levels of apoptosis-associated proteins and the proteins related to the AKT pathway. The proliferation assay showed that combined treatment with LIUS and curcumin synergistically decreased proliferation in glioma cells. And cell apoptosis was promoted after LIUS-curcumin combination treatment, characterized by the occurrence of more apoptotic cells and a significant increase in Bax level and attenuated Bcl-2 expression. Moreover, the role of LIUS-curcumin combination in downregulation of the AKT pathway was observed. The AKT pathway activator SC79 reversed apoptosis and anti-proliferation induced by combined treatment with LIUS and curcumin. Our findings show that LIUS in combination with low-dose curcumin synergistically suppresses the growth of glioma cells via inhibition of the AKT pathway. LIUS plus curcumin may be a promising therapeutic strategy for preventing glioma growth.

EXPERIMENTAL COMPARISON OF MCF7 AND MCF10A RESPONSE TO LOW INTENSITY ULTRASOUND

The low-intensity ultrasound effects on MCF7 (human breast adenocarcinoma) and MCF10A (healthy breast cells) have been investigated at different sonication protocol to probe the effectiveness and the selectivity of the ultrasound (US) treatment and to understand the implications between cell mortality, biomechanical interactions and cell elastic modulus. Experiments performed at fixed and variable frequency demonstrated the effectiveness of some protocols in killing carcinogenic cells and the healthy cells insensitivity. Variation of elastic properties of MCF7 cells exposed to US under varying sonication conditions was examined. Sonication was carried out at fixed frequency (as it is usually done in therapy protocols), between 400[Formula: see text]kHz and 620[Formula: see text]kHz, following two protocols: (i) at fixed power output; (ii) at fixed voltage of the US generator. Evolution of cell stiffness during the US treatment was monitored via atomic force spectroscopy (AFS). It was found that cell mortality has a similar trend of variation with respect to sonication frequency regardless of the way specimens are exposed to US. Mechanical properties do not show a uniform trend with respect to frequency, but variations of Young’s modulus are more marked near the very low (400–480) kHz or very high frequencies (580–620) kHz. The observed variations may be related to mechanical interactions occurring in the cell culture, suggesting a primacy of the environment on other factors.

Effect of Low Intensity Ultrasound on Repairing Bone Defect with Tissue Engineering

Effect of Low Intensity Ultrasound on Repairing Bone Defect with Tissue Engineering

GW29-e0122 Low-Intensity Ultrasound-Induced Anti-inflammatory Effects Are Mediated by Several New Mechanisms Including Gene Induction, Immunosuppressor Cell Promotion, and Enhancement of Exosome Biogenesis and Docking

Low-intensity ultrasound (LIUS) was shown to be beneficial in mitigating inflammation and facilitating tissue repair in various pathologies. Determination of the molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory effects of LIUS allows to optimize this technique as a therapy for the treatment of

The Effects of Low-Intensity Ultrasound on Fat Reduction of Rat Model.

Nonfocused low-intensity ultrasound is generally believed to be less efficacious than High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) at body fat reduction; nevertheless, this technology has already been widely used clinically for body contouring purposes. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of this new technology by applying 1 MHz nonfocused ultrasound at 3 W/cm2 to the outer-thigh region of rat models. Ultrasonography measurement demonstrated an average reduction of 0.5 mm of subcutaneous fat thickness that persisted for at least three days after treatment. Biochemical analysis quantified a significant increase in lipid levels, specifically triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein, and total cholesterol. These two findings of subcutaneous fat reduction and plasma lipid increase showed a positive correlation. No evidence of adverse events or complications was observed after the treatment. This study validated nonfocused low-intensity ultrasound as an effective and safe method for body fat reduction, especially with repetitive treatment. However, the concurrent increase in plasma lipid level will require further investigation to determine this technology's long-term impact, if any, on health.

The Effect of Low-Intensity Ultrasound on Brain-Derived Neurotropic Factor Expression in a Rat Sciatic Nerve Crushed Injury Model

Low-intensity ultrasound (LIU) can improve nerve regeneration and functional recovery after peripheral nerve crush injury, but the underlying mechanism is not clear. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of LIU on rat sciatic crush injury and to investigate a possible molecular mechanism. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent left sciatic nerve crush surgery and were then randomized into two groups: a treatment group that received LIU every other d, and a control group that received sham exposure. Compared with rats in the control group, rats in the treatment group had higher sciatic nerve function indexes, compound muscle action potentials, wet weight ratios of the target muscle and mRNA expression of brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) in the crushed nerve and ipsilateral dorsal root ganglia. Our findings suggest that LIU might promote injured nerve regeneration by stimulating BDNF release.

Effects of Low Intensity Ultrasound on the Chondrogenic Differentiation of Adult Stem Cells From Adipose Tissue

Background: Adult stem cells from adipose tissue can be used in tissue engineering because of their capacity to differentiate into chondrocytes. Low intensity ultrasound (LIUS) as a physical chondrogenic inducer differentiates adipose stem cells (ASC) into chondrocyte the same as transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ). However the stage of differentiation and hypertrophy of chondrocytes by LIUS have not yet been studied. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of LIUS on hypertrophic states of differentiated chondrocytes. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, ASCs were cultured in chondrogenic differentiation medium (10 ng/mL of TGFβ) with or without LIUS stimulation for two weeks. The ultrasound signal was applied at an intensity of 200 mW/cm2 for 10 min/day. For evaluation, the mRNA expression of collagen type X, alkaline phosphatase, Runx2 and Runx2II, were studied using quantitative gene expression method. Histologic and immunohistochemistry evaluations were performed. The data were analyzed by one way ANOVA (Tukey’s). Results: The mRNA expression of collagen type X, and alkaline phosphatase, Runx2 and Runx2II were decreased markedly by the LIUS stimulation, whereas the expression of these genes drastically increased when TGFβ applied alone or with LIUS. LIUS containing cultures showed lower hypertrophic protein expression (alkaline phosphatase and Indian hedgehog) as compared with the controls. Conclusions: Our results showed that LIUS suppresses hypertrophic chondrocyte formation and that LIUS induced chondrocytes are more suitable than TGFβ induced ones due to low expression of hyperthrophic markers in cartilage tissue engineering for clinical applications.

Effect of Low-Intensity Ultrasound on Mortality of PC12 Induced by Amyloid β25–35

The aim of this study is to investigate the potential of using ultrasound (US) to protect neuronal cells from damage by amyloid beta (Αβ) peptide. Experiments were performed using PC12 cells with the addition of 20 µM Aβ25–35, US stimulation, or both. 1-MHz US at a 20 % duty cycle with various intensities (10, 50, 10, and 150 mW/cm2) for 3 min was employed. The responses of PC12 cells were determined in terms of the survival rate via the MTT assay, cell morphology via optical microscopy, and cell apoptosis/necrosis characteristics via Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) and propidium iodide (PI) fluorescence staining and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end-labeling assay. The results show that the survival rate of PC12 cells in the presence of Aβ23–35 increased by 4.8–6 % when the cells were exposed to 100- and 150-mW/cm2 US. With US intensity of 150 mW/cm2, the growth of neurites from PC12 cells was observed. The experiment results of cell stains with Annexin V-FITC/PI show that US decreased PC12 cell apoptosis and necrosis. In addition, for the PC12 cells with added Aβ25–35, the fold change in cell apoptosis decreased by 0.36 when a US intensity of 150 mW/cm2 was applied. In conclusion, low-intensity US decreases PC12 cell mortality caused by Aβ23–35.

Low‐intensity Ultrasound Enhances Histon Acetylation and Improves Anti‐inflammatory Effects by Short Chain Fatty Acid Treatments in Human Dermal Fibroblasts

Short‐chain fatty acids such as butyrate (BT) with the emergence of prebiotics and probiotics improve colonic and systemic health. Especially BT has anti‐inflammatory effects and mediated by the inhibition of histone deacetylase (HDAC). However, the effect appeared to be concentration‐dependent, and lower concentrations of BT had no effect. Therefore, the facilitatory effect of low‐intensity ultrasound (US) on the anti‐inflammatory effects by BT was investigated in the present study. Human dermal fibroblasts were treated with 1 mM BT for 3 h with 20 min irradiation of 0.1 W/cm2 US at the beginning of the BT treatments. Whereas BT could not increase histone acetylation, the combined with BT and US treatments significantly increased histone acetylation in fibroblasts. In addition, this combined treatment significantly suppressed IL‐6 mRNA expression by lipopolysaccharide stimulation for 1 h after the combined treatments, but the treatment of BT alone could not decrease IL‐6 expression in fibroblasts. These effects were achieved with both of 20% pulsed and continuous US, and not observed at the treatments by US without BT. These results suggest the promotional effects of low‐intensity US on the physiological actions of BT as HDAC inhibitor, and the potential applicability of this combination in dermal fibroproliferative disorders. Supported by Grants‐in‐Aid for Scientific Research (247005300) from the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology.

Effects of low intensity ultrasound (LIUS) on the macular degeneration model in vitro

AbstractPurpose The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is compose of monolayer of tightly connected pigmented cells and supports the function of the normal vision function. Structural deformation and/or inflammation in RPE are commonly accompanied with and in many cases severely aggravate macular degeneration. We have reported previously low‐intensity ultrasound (LIUS) of less than 1 mW/cm^2 shows cyto‐protective and anti‐inflammatory effects on chondrocytes and cartilage tissue under pathologic environments. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of LIUS on RPE cells in macular degeneration models in vitro.Methods ARPE‐19 cells were grown on a plastic dish or permeable transwell inserts and were treated with various damaging agents such as PlGF (an agonist of VEGF receptor), NaCN and H2O2. Then, cells were untreated or treated with varying intensities of LIUS with a maximum of 200 mW/cm^2 once for 20 min a day. Viability of cells was examined with Wst‐1 and TUNEL assays. Permeability of the cell monolayer on transwell membrane was tested by trans‐epithelial electrical resistance (TEER) system. JC‐1 staining was also performed to measure mitochondrial activity in cells.Results Cell damaging agents increased cell death and permeability of cell monolayer in a dose‐dependent dose manner. LIUS treatment significantly reduced both of the cell death and permeability. Changes in the mitochondrial membrane potential were also decreased by LIUS.Conclusion This study demonstrated that LIUS inhibits cell death of ARPE‐19 by various pathologic stresses, thereby might be a promising treatment for RPE under macular degeneration.

Effects of Low-Intensity Ultrasound on Osteoblasts and Osteoclasts in Goldfish Scale

Teleost scales are calcified tissue that contains osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and bone matrix, all of which are similar to those found in human bone. Recently, a new culture system has been developed for the evaluation of bone metabolism using goldfish scales with alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) as markers of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, respectively. Using this system, the activities of ALP and TRAP in ontogenic scales were measured after removal of almost all scales on one side of the body. On both days 7 and 10 after removal, the remaining ontogenic scales showed significantly higher TRAP and ALP activity than normal ontogenic scales (ppp

Low-Intensity Ultrasound Inhibits Apoptosis and Enhances Viability of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Three-Dimensional Alginate Culture During Chondrogenic Differentiation

Many studies have investigated optimal chondrogenic conditions, but only a few of them have addressed their effects on cell viability or the methods to enhance it. This study investigated the effect of low-intensity ultrasound (LIUS), a well-known chondrogenic inducer, on the viability of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) during chondrogenic differentiation in three-dimensional (3-D) alginate culture. The hMSCs/alginate layer was cultured in a chondrogenic defined medium and treated with transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) and/or LIUS for 2 weeks. Along with chondrogenic differentiation for 2 weeks, the 3-D alginate culture and TGF-beta1 treatment resulted in the decrease of cell viability, which appeared to be mediated by apoptosis. In contrast, co-treatment with LIUS clearly enhanced cell viability and inhibited apoptosis under the same conditions. The effect of LIUS on the apoptotic event was further demonstrated by changes in the expression of apoptosis/viability related genes of p53, bax, bcl-2, and PCNA. These results suggest that the LIUS treatment could be a valuable tool in cartilage tissue engineering using MSCs as it enhances cell viability and directs the chondrogenic differentiation process, its well-known activity.

Low‐intensity Ultrasound Stimulation Enhances Chondrogenic Differentiation in Alginate Culture of Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are regarded as a potential autologous source for cartilage repair, because they can differentiate into chondrocytes by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) treatment under the 3-dimensional (3-D) culture condition. However, more efficient and versatile methods for chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs are still in demand for its clinical application. Recently, low-intensity ultrasound (LIUS) was shown to enhance fracture healing in vitro and induce chondrogenesis of MSCs in vitro. In this study, we investigated the effects of LIUS on the chondrogenesis of rabbit MSCs (rMSCs) in a 3-D alginate culture and on the maintenance of chondrogenic phenotypes after replating them on a monolayer culture. The LIUS treatment of rMSCs increased: (i) the matrix formation; (ii) the expression of chondrogenic markers such as collagen type II, aggrecan, and Sox-9; (iii) the expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloprotease-2 implicated in the integrity of cartilage matrix; and (iv) the capacity to maintain the chondrogenic phenotypes in a monolayer culture. Notably, LIUS effects were clearly shown even without TGF-beta treatment. These results suggest that LIUS treatment could be an efficient and cost-effective method to induce chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs in vitro for cartilage tissue engineering.

Effects of Low-Intensity Ultrasound on Chondrogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Embedded in Polyglycolic Acid-An In Vivo Study

Effects of Low-Intensity Ultrasound on Chondrogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Embedded in Polyglycolic Acid-An In Vivo Study