Land Surface Temperature Effects Research Articles

Ningaloo eclipse: moon shadow speed and land surface temperature effects from Himawari-9 satellite measurements

Ningaloo eclipse: moon shadow speed and land surface temperature effects from Himawari-9 satellite measurements

Determining UHI Effect by Remote Sensing Method in Bolu City Centre, Turkey

Urban Heat Island (UHI) has been described by authors as the UHI effect is among the most common forms of human origin (anthropogenic) local climate change. The increasing UHI effect with the differences in land use and landscape pattern varies depending on surface soil, watery field presence and vegetation. In this study, using Landsat 5 TM of 1994 and Landsat 7 ETM+ images of 2019, the ArcGIS 10.6.1 program and the remote sensing methods have identified surface temperature and vegetation distribution. Surface temperature values of the land-use in Bolu province of 2019, 1/5000 Urban Development Plan land uses and average temperature values were determined. The study revealed the change between urban development and the effect of land surface temperature over the course of 25 years, and discussed the UHI effect in the Bolu province. The effects of the historical process in Bolu city center on land surface temperature (with LST differences) and vegetation distribution (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index; NDVI) have been surveyed. The constraints of this study are that the spatial resolution in orthophotos of 1994 is low, and the type of land-use temperature data cannot be compared to 2019. For this reason, LST and NDVI analyzes were conducted in 1994 orthophotos, classifying all parcels with structure and related area in the form of manually constructed areas (built Environment). One of the findings of this study are surface temperatures of areas used as farmland in the year 1994 data reached higher values after they quickly began to urbanize in Bolu. The main reason for the high surface temperature in the Bolu province over the 25-year period is that agricultural areas are impurized and increasing population density and the albedo effect. It has been concluded that the lack of green space and lack of vegetation in the continuous urban area has increased the UHI effect.

Snow Cover and Snowline Variation in Relation to Land Surface Temperature in Spiti Valley, Himachal Pradesh, India

Spiti Valley, a cold desert mountain is located in the Trans Himalaya region where snow cover is a dominant type of land cover. Characterized, as a rain shadow area where precipitation occurs in the form of snowfall and almost negligible rainfall. Thus, snowmelt water is a single source of freshwater which is used in agricultural and household activities by mountain dwellers. The main objective of the study is to determine the effects of Land Surface Temperature (LST) on snow cover and snow line position in Spiti Valley. This study is based on geospatial techniques in which Landsat imagery was the main source of data for snow cover, snow line position, and Land Surface Temperature (LST) analysis. It includes Operational Land Imager/Thermal Infrared Sensor (OLI / TIRS) and Thematic Mapper (TM) scenes of the twelve months for the reference years 1990 and 2015. Snow cover was extracted from January to December; using Normalised Difference Snow Index (NDSI). According to NDSI result, the average snow cover was 4, 68,998.50 ha (61.68%) in 1990 and 3, 69,676.4 ha (48.71%) in 2015. Approximately 98,422.08 ha (0.51%) of snow cover was converted into a non-snow cover area at an average rate of 3,937 ha/year. Analysis of the position of the snow line indicates that it moved upward 445.11 meters in Spiti Valley during the study period. In 1990, the snow line was visible at the height of 5,159.37 meters at the end of the summer, but reached at 5,604.48 meters height in 2015, marking the loss of snow accumulation in the lower heights.

A framework of correcting the angular effect of land surface temperature on evapotranspiration estimation in single-source energy balance models

Evapotranspiration (ET) is an essential parameter connecting the hydrological cycle, energy balance and carbon cycle. The angular effect (AE) of remotely sensed land surface temperature (LST), one of the obstacles hindering the application of single-source energy balance models in continental and global ET estimates, is a long-standing issue that has rarely been witnessed in the last decade. In this study, we propose a general framework for correcting the angular effect that could be practically applied to reduce the uncertainties in the ET estimations with any single-source energy balance-based model, under the guidance of simulation of thermal radiation directionality through the integration of a directional module from the soil-canopy spectral radiances, photosynthesis, fluorescence, temperature, and energy balance (SCOPE) and an artificially added ET estimation module. The correction was conducted by adjusting the directional reflectance and then the reflectance-based fractional vegetation coverage to the view zenith angle of interest, together with estimating the soil and vegetation component temperatures. This framework was later tested on the widely applied surface energy balance system (SEBS) driven by the directional LST from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) collected on 94 clear-sky days between 2009 and 2010 at the Yucheng site. The simulation results indicated that (1) the AE obviously increased as the view zenith angle increased; (2) the AE was more apparent in the backward scattering direction than in the forward scattering direction; and (3) most of the AE first increased evidently and then decreased with the increase in the leaf area index. The correction results related to the SEBS-based ET estimations, compared to the in situ ET measurements, showed that the proposed framework greatly improved the estimations of ET, with the root mean square error decreasing by 27.6 W/m2 (∼8%, relative to the average 339 W/m2) from 86.8 W/m2 (∼25%) to 59.2 W/m2 (∼17%) and the bias decreasing from 49.7 W/m2 (∼15%) to −6.5 W/m2 (∼2%). In conclusion, the proposed framework efficiently corrected the angular effect of remotely sensed LST on ET estimation. We expect more attention to be paid to the angular effect and hope our work could provide insight for solving this pendent issue.

Satellite Observations of Fire Activity in Relation to Biophysical Forcing Effect of Land Surface Temperature in Mediterranean Climate

The present work is aimed at gaining more knowledge on the nature of the relation between land surface temperature (LST) as a biophysical parameter, which is related to the coupled effect of the energy and water cycles, and fire activity over Bulgaria, in the Eastern Mediterranean. In the ecosystems of this area, prolonged droughts and heat waves create preconditions in the land surface state that increase the frequency and intensity of landscape fires. The relationships between the spatial–temporal variability of LST and fire activity modulated by land cover types and Soil Moisture Availability (SMA) are quantified. Long-term (2007–2018) datasets derived from geostationary MSG satellite observations are used: LST retrieved by the LSASAF LST product; fire activity assessed by the LSASAF FRP-Pixel product. All fires in the period of July–September occur in days associated with positive LST anomalies. Exponential regression models fit the link between LST monthly means, LST positive anomalies, LST-T2 (as a first proxy of sensible heat exchange with atmosphere), and FRP fire characteristics (number of detections; released energy FRP, MW) at high correlations. The values of biophysical drivers, at which the maximum FRP (MW) might be expected at the corresponding probability level, are identified. Results suggest that the biophysical index LST is sensitive to the changes in the dynamics of vegetation fire occurrence and severity. Dependences are found for forest, shrubs, and cultivated LCs, which indicate that satellite IR retrievals of radiative temperature is a reliable source of information for vegetation dryness and fire activity.

The mediation effect of land surface temperature in the relationship between land use-cover change and energy consumption under seasonal variations

Increasing temperatures in urban areas have brought about a series of prevalent environmental and energy shortage problems. Many studies have focused on the relationship between land use-cover change and land surface temperature (LST), and the effect of LST on energy consumption. The objective of this study was to identify the relationship among land use-cover change, LST, and building electricity consumption from 1990 to 2018 in the city of Nanjing, China. This investigation used land cover data and satellite imagery to obtain the land use-cover change data and LST data for each study year, and the mediation effect analysis method was then employed to examine the effect of land use-cover change and LST on building electricity consumption during different seasons. The results revealed that from 1990 to 2018 in Nanjing, the area of arable land decreased significantly, while the area of urban, rural, residential, industrial, and mining land increased significantly. During this period, the LST of Nanjing increased considerably. This study also found that the LST mediates the relationship between land use-cover change and electricity consumption, and the indirect effect in summer is particularly significant. Furthermore, the results revealed that the direct effect of land use-cover change on electricity consumption is intriguingly stronger than the indirect effect. These major findings can help urban planners to reasonably arrange and use land in order to alleviate LST increases and electricity consumption.

Effect of Land Surface Temperature on Urban Heat Island in Varanasi City, India

Crucial changes in urban climate can be witnessed due to rapid urbanisation of cities across the world. It is important to find a balance between urban expansion and thermal environment quality to guarantee sustainable urban development. Thus, it is a major research priority to study the urban heat island (UHI) in various fields, i.e., climate change urban ecology, urban climatology, urban planning, mitigation and management, urban geography, etc. The present study highlighted the interrelationship between land surface temperature (LST) and the abundance of impervious cover and green cover in the Varanasi city of Uttar Pradesh, India. For this purpose, we used various GIS and remote-sensing techniques. Landsat 8 images, land-use–land-cover pattern including urban/rural gradients, and grid- and metric-based multi-resolution techniques were used for the analysis. From the study, it was noticed that LST, density of impervious cover, and density of green cover were correlated significantly, and an urban gradient existed over the entire city, depicting a typical UHI profile. It was also concluded that the orientation, randomness, and aggregation of impervious cover and green cover have a strong correlation with LST. From this study, it is recommended that, when planning urban extension, spatial variation of impervious cover and green cover are designed properly to ensure the comfort of all living beings as per the ecological point of view.

Evaluate the effect of land surface temperature in arid and semi-arid lands using potential remote sensing data and GIS techniques

Land surface temperature (LST) plays a significant role with respect to drought, vegetation and climate change. The main objective of this paper is to evaluate the effect of LST in some parameters and to carry out mapping using remote sensing data and geographic information system (GIS) techniques. Satellite imagery in Landsat series and meteorological data were utilised to achieve the aims of study. Normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI), soil moisture index (SMI), normalised difference water index (NDWI) and dry bare soil index (DBSI) were utilised to evaluate the effect of LST. The results shows that the relation between the indices and the LST was statistically significant (R2 = 0.2 and 0.3 p < 0.05, respectively). Both maximum and minimum temperatures affect vegetation cover and lead to bareness. The final outcomes shows that the remote sensing data proved to be a powerful tool for monitoring spatial and temporal changes in LST.

Effects of Land Surface Temperature, Soil Water Content and Land Use/Cover on the Spatial Distribution of Urinary Schistosomiasis in the FCT, Nigeria Using GIS and Remote Sensing

Effects of Land Surface Temperature, Soil Water Content and Land Use/Cover on the Spatial Distribution of Urinary Schistosomiasis in the FCT, Nigeria Using GIS and Remote Sensing

The Effect of Land Surface Temperature and Land Use on Energy System Development in Gorontalo City

Land use change is one of the factors affecting urban development including urban energy needs. This study analysis the effect of land use and surface temperature on energy system development of Gorontalo city. Gorontalo has a very high solar energy potential but has not been utilized optimally. Land Surface Temperature (LST) mapping is the first step to identify the potential of solar anergy for energy system development in Gorontalo City. Remote sensing technology and geographic information systems are helpful in mapping the spatial distribution of each parameter used. In this research the data used is Landsat 8 for mapping land cover/land use, green area and LST. The results showed that in the dry season the highest surface temperature was in the building area, and the lowest temperature was in the vegetation area. Land use in city of Gorontalo is dominated by high density vegetation (VKT) of 36% of the total area, while built-up area has 26% of the total area. LST was dominant in the wet season of 30-40 °C i.e 50.51% of the area while in dry season wasdominant at 40-50 °C covering 42%. The highest temperature in the city of Gorontalo in both dry and wet season is distributed in Pulubala, Limba U1, and Biawao. These three regions can be a recommendation for the development and utilization of solar energy as an alternative energy source. This research provides insight into land surface temperature and become a recommendation in urban planning and energy policy.

Deforestation Effects as Different as Night and Day

Study investigates how deforestation can cause different land surface temperature effects depending on the time of day.

Effects of Land Surface Temperature on the Frequency of Convective Precipitation in the Tokyo Area

This study uses statistical evaluation by correlation analysis to examine the effects of thermal environment on the frequency of convective precipitation in the Greater Tokyo Area between 12:00 and 18:00 on summer days from 1997 to 2006. To extract the frequency of convective precipitation we used Automated Meteorological Data Acquisition System radar data to obtain detailed rainfall distribution maps, and to extract the urban thermal environment we used surface temperature data from a National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration weather satellite. Results were a coefficient of determination of 0.01, indicating no clear relation between surface temperature and convective rain frequency in the study area. Examining the convective rain frequency distribution map in conjunction with an elevation map of the area indicates that higher elevation is a better predictor of increased frequency of convective rainfall than is surface temperature. Because this indicates that orographic precipitation has a large influence in the study area, we used an elevation map to exclude hilly and mountainous regions, regions bordering flat areas (under the assumption that wind could easily move orographic precipitation to such areas), and regions containing marine areas. Doing so resulted in a coefficient of determination of 0.38, a clear signal that differences in the thermal environment in the Greater Tokyo Area have an effect on the frequency of convective precipitation. We next focused on metropolitan Tokyo, the most developed part of the region and the part experiencing the most frequent occurrences of convective precipitation, and we performed correlation analysis considering parameters related to buildings. Results indicate that orographic precipitation has a strong influence in metropolitan Tokyo as well, so we excluded those areas that were excluded from the Greater Tokyo Area analysis and again performed correlation analysis. However, we found no clear relation of convective precipitation frequency with surface temperature or building parameters.

Effects of land surface temperature on supervising the existing area of snails

To discuss the land surface temperature's effect on supervising the areas with snails, comparing the land surface temperature (LST) of the areas with snails with the LST of those without snails. Choosing the lake areas of farmland in Jiangxi Province and the beach in the bank of Ganjiang, dividing into four areas according to snails. Picking up the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and LST from the remote sensing data to find the difference between the areas with snails and the areas without snails, so as to illuminate the effects of the LST on distinguishing the areas with snails. The NDVI of Dongfeng Wei (an area from farmland to lake) was 0 - 0.20, the NDVI of the areas with snails was 0.20 - 0.40. The NDVI of four areas is different (chi(2) = 104.69, P < 0.01). The LST of Dongfeng wei was 24 - 30 degrees C, Wuzhoutou without snails is 23 - 28 degrees C, Wuzhoutou with snails is 22 - 26 degrees C, Changjiangzhou was 20 - 24 degrees C. The LST of four areas is different (chi(2) = 115.23, P < 0.01). The analysis farther indicates the NDVI of areas without snails was lower than that of areas with snails, but the LST was higher. The NDVI and (or) the LST should be significantly different between the areas with snails and the areas without, it might be concluded that the LST should be a indication to some extent on judging whether some areas may be fit for snails.