Effects Of Information Load Research Articles

Effect of information load and cognitive style on cognitive load of visualized dashboards for construction-related activities

A well-designed visualized dashboard could provide intuitive information to construction project managers for effective decision-making. However, the impact of information load of dashboards on cognitive load has rarely been investigated. The roles of user cognitive styles were also ignored. This study examined the effect of dashboard information load and user cognitive style on cognitive load when using dashboards in the construction industry. We designed a visual search experiment with five information load levels. Fifty-six participants, divided into field-dependent (FD) and field-independent (FI) groups, participated in the experiment. The results showed that the FI group had a lower cognitive load and was more efficient than the FD group. The effect of information load on cognitive load followed a piecewise linear correlation with the two prominent knots. The findings underscore the importance of assessing the information load and providing psychological underpinnings for cognitive-fit dashboard design for smart construction management.

Time Judgment During a Crisis

Forming accurate judgments is vital for management in general, and crisis management in particular. Despite its fundamental role in an organizational context, time judgments were not yet studied in a crisis context. Building on attentional-gate theory, we hypothesized that when decision-makers are under high information load, they can suffer from less accurate retrospective (i.e. recalled) time judgments. Furthermore, we expected this effect to be enhanced if stress and ego network diversity were also at higher levels. We tested our hypotheses in a within-subject experimental design (information load: low vs. high) where participants (N= 34) role- played a disaster-response management team. We found that participants had less accurate and underestimating time judgments when information load was high, and this effect was more evident when stress levels were higher. Contrary to our expectations, the effect of information load on time judgments was not observed when ego network diversity was high, whereas a low level of diversity was associated with less accuracy under high information load. Our findings contribute to our understanding of the antecedents and boundary conditions of retrospective time judgments for crisis management.

The dual roles of web personalization on consumer decision quality in online shopping

Purpose Many online merchants today have adopted web personalization in the form of personalized product recommendations (PPRs) to improve consumer’s decision quality. The purpose of this paper is to reveal the roles of PPRs on consumer decision quality in online shopping from the theoretical perspective of information load. Design/methodology/approach To explore the dual roles of PPRs on consumer decision quality, this paper develops a research model for it. A 2 (information load: high vs low) × 2 (web personalization: PPRs vs non-PPRs) between-subjects design is conducted to empirically test the model. Findings The results indicate that: first, information load can increase perceived information overload and decrease perceived information underload; second, PPRs can weaken (enhance) the positive (negative) effect of information load on perceived information overload (perceived information underload); third, both perceived information overload and perceived information underload are negatively associated with consumer’s decision quality. Originality/value This paper originally develops a research model that explains the roles of PPRs on consumer decision quality from the theoretical perspective of information load in the online shopping context, which could add new insights to the field of web personalization, especially the impact of web personalization on consumer decision making.

The role of numeracy and information load in the tourist decision‐making process

ABSTRACTThe aim of the present study is to merge two strands of research that have evolved in tandem (a) the consequences of numeracy; and (b) the effect of information load on the consumer decision‐making process. The study analyses the interaction effect between these two factors on decision accuracy and on a set of cognitive and affective variables of the decision‐making process (namely, confusion, calibration, and emotion). We measured participants' numeracy and used an experimental design to manipulate the information load. The results showed that the effect of numeracy on decision accuracy was entirely mediated by cognitive and affective processes involved in decision‐making. In particular, numeracy was found to have a negative relationship with the level of confusion, calibration, and emotions experienced during the decision‐making process. The results also showed that information load interacted with numeracy, such that individuals with high numeracy maintained lower levels of emotion when placed under conditions of low information load. However, under these same conditions, individuals with low numeracy maintained positive emotions. The findings help to identify approaches that can contribute to reducing the negative effects of low numeracy among consumers, in a context where the online channel predominates (the tourism sector).

Effects of information load on response times in frogs and bats: mate choice vs. prey choice

Decisions tend to become more challenging as the number of available options increases and choice sets become more complex. Choosing between multiple options may require additional information processing time and effort. Here, we asked if response time increases with stimulus number and attractiveness by female frogs (Physalaemus pustulosus) and their predators, frog-eating bats (Trachops cirrhosus), when comparing the mating calls of male tungara frogs. We found that frogs’ response time is significantly longer when presented with two calls, compared with one. Bats also take longer to respond when presented with two calls but only when they were complex calls. Although the frogs and bats behave somewhat similarly in this experiment, the decisions that these animals are making are occurring in different domains (mating vs. foraging) and have different fitness consequences. Given these differences, we find it especially interesting that for both frogs and bats, we see similar temporal patterns in response times as a function of information load. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Animals are often faced with several options simultaneously. One cost of decision-making is the time involved in choosing the best option within a choice set. Here, we asked whether female frogs and frog-eating bats take longer to respond when presented multiple frog mating calls simultaneously. We also asked whether the attractiveness of those frog calls influences the time it takes frogs and bats to respond to them. We found that the time to respond was influenced by both the number and attractiveness of frog calls for both bats and frogs; however, frog response time seemed to be more greatly influenced by the number of frog calls, while bat response time seemed to be more influenced by the attractiveness of frog calls. In general, our results suggest that there may be similar mechanisms involved in decision-making for both animals.

The more, the better? Why abundant information leads to unanticipated outcomes

The effect of information load on a person’s decision making remains ambiguous, especially in an online environment. By expanding the communication theory, this study developed four subdimensions of information load, namely information source, information characteristics, system interface, and information recipient loads, and explored their influences on consumer behavioral intention, including intention to explore the website and intention to buy. The findings indicate that the number of product attributes and the degree of information novelty exhibit an inverted U-shaped relationship with intention to explore, whereas the number of brand alternatives and degree of information novelty exhibit an inverted U-shaped relationship with intention to buy. The number of brand alternatives and information recipient load exhibit a positive relationship with intention to explore, whereas the number of product attributes and information recipient load are positively associated with intention to buy. The system interface load, information complexity, and information ambiguity exert a negative influence on intention to explore and intention to buy. The findings explain the inconsistent results of previous studies regarding the reason why too much information sometimes has adverse effects on consumers online shopping behavior.

Effect of Information Load and Time on Observational Learning

Effect of Information Load and Time on Observational Learning

Effect of Information Load and Time on Observational Learning

We examined whether altering the amount of and moment when visual information is presented affected observational learning for participants practicing a bowling skill. On Day 1, four groups practiced a cricket bowling action. Three groups viewed a full-body point-light model, the model's bowling arm, or between-limb coordination of the model's left and right wrists only. Following retention tests on Day 2, all participants practiced after viewing a full-body display. Retention was again tested on Day 3. Bowling accuracy improved in all four practice groups. Kinematics of the bowling arm became more like the model for the full-body and intralimb groups only. All groups improved on measures of interlimb coordination. Visual search data indicated that participants mainly focused their gaze on the model's bowling arm. These data lead to the suggestion that viewing “end-effector” information (i.e., information pertaining to the bowling arm) is an important perceptual constraint early in observational learning. Implicit manipulations designed to increase attention to other sources of information did not facilitate the learning process.

Casino Décor Effects on Gambling Emotions and Intentions

A sample of 484 gamblers (241 males) viewed simulations of casino settings varying in their macro design ( playground vs. gaming) and their micro décor elements (lighting, human crowding, color, machine clustering, and layout symmetry). The décor element levels were manipulated to reflect information load (e.g., flashing lights afford more information than do static lights). The participants provided three measures for each simulation: at-risk gambling intention, pleasure, and restoration. Overall, the playground design and females yielded higher scores on each measure than did the gaming design and males. Also, the relationship between pleasure and at-risk gambling intention was fully mediated by restoration. The effects of information load on the three dependent measures were complex as they depended on the macro design and the gender of the participant. These results are discussed within a framework where affect and cognition mediate atmospheric effects on gambling.

The effects of information load and speech rate on younger and older aircraft pilots' ability to execute simulated air-traffic controller instructions.

In this applied study of memory for orally presented information, 15 younger and 15 older pilots heard recorded air-traffic controller (ATC) messages in the context of six simulated flights. The ATC messages varied in length (3 vs 4 items), speech rate (235 vs 365 wpm), and type of command (course commands consisting of headings and altitudes vs radio/transponder commands consisting of radio frequencies and transponder codes). Older pilots made more execution errors on average and the age difference was greater for the radio/transponder commands, which contained more unique digits than the course commands. Although longer message lengths and faster speech rates led to higher error rates, the increases were not more marked in the older group. Backward digit span was correlated with communication performance, but the older group's lower level of accuracy was not explainable in terms of differences in digit span.

The effect of information load on decision makers' cue utilization levels and decision quality in a financial distress decision task

Seventeen practising auditors and sixty-seven accounting students participated in a decision making experiment that examined the effect of increasing amounts of accounting information on cue usage and decision quality. Each participant made financial distress decisions under three levels of information load. Approximately one-third of those participating apparently experienced information overload and exhibited an inverted-U relationship between information usage and information load; the others exhibited patterns of increasing cue usage. The individuals who apparently experienced information overload also reached decisions of lesser quality, as indicated by significantly lower decision making consistency, lesser agreement with a composite judge, and lower consensus.

Automatic memory search and the effects of information load and irrelevant information.

Automatic memory search and the effects of information load and irrelevant information.

Automatic memory search and the effects of information load and irrelevant information.

Automatic memory search and the effects of information load and irrelevant information.

Short- and long-term memory retrieval: A comparison of the effects of information load and relatedness.

Short- and long-term memory retrieval: A comparison of the effects of information load and relatedness.

Effects of information load and percentage of shared information on the dissemination of unshared information during group discussion.

Effects of information load and percentage of shared information on the dissemination of unshared information during group discussion.

Effects of information load and percentage of shared information on the dissemination of unshared information during group discussion.

Effects of information load and percentage of shared information on the dissemination of unshared information during group discussion.

Correctability function in combined manual and decision tasks

Abstract This paper presents the experimental study into the variation in decision-making ability of correcting involuntary errors, while performing two-stage Combined Manual and Decision Tasks (CMDTs). The purpose was to investigate the effect of Information Load (H) and Time Lag (TL) on decision time required for error correction. Nine subjects were tested in a 3 × 3 × 9 completely randomized factorial design.It was also found that for a given value of (TL) the mean decision time increased as (H) increased. Fora given value of (H) the mean decision time decreased as (TL) increased.

User-Initiated Commands for Text Formatting: Information and Syntax

The study examined the effects of information load and syntax in user-initiated text formatting commands on the performance of computer-naive operators. Information load was varied through the number of parameters following the command and the number of alternatives for each parameter. Parameter values were specified using two types of syntax: mnemonic words and sequential numbers. Measures of operator response time and accurracy were taken on tests of command specification and command interpretation. Increases in the number of command parameters and number of alternatives per parameter contributed equally to increases in response time. Response time for word syntax was slower than numeric syntax. Performance improvements over tests were greater for word syntax than numeric syntax. The findings were interpreted as indicating the importance of the association value of words used in software languages which use English words.

Identification Capacities of 3- to 9-Year-Old Normal Children

The effects of information load upon the identification capacity of 3-, 7-, and 9-yr.-oId normal children ( ns = 5, 4, 3) were examined. A substantial increase in transmitted information was found as a function of the mean chronological age of the three samples. Important individual differences, however, were observed within each group, which are shown to be mostly in Ss' ability to develop and to use an efficient cognitive organization of the stimulus continuum.

Performance and arousal as a function of incentive, information load, and task novelty.

ABSTRACTPulse and respiration rate, pulse volume, skin conductance level, and muscle tension were recorded from 12 S8 while they carried out a 40‐min test of choice serial reaction in which incentive level, task difficulty (number of choices), and task novelty (or practice) were varied. 1) Little unanimity was observed among the physiological measures in responding to these task variables. Incentive was reflected in pulse rate, respiration rate, and skin conductance level; task difficulty in pulse volume; and novelty in respiration rate and muscle tension. 2) Only when the effects of information load and practice could be held constant was there any sign of an inverted‐U relationship between performance and physiological level. 3) Although both choice and incentive had significant effects on performance, the two did not interact.