Effect Of Friction Welding Condition Research Articles

Effects of friction welding conditions on tensile strength of friction welded joint between 5052 Al alloy and pure copper

Effects of friction welding conditions on tensile strength of friction welded joint between 5052 Al alloy and pure copper

Effect of friction welding condition on joining phenomena and mechanical properties of friction welded joint between 6063 aluminium alloy and AISI 304 stainless steel

Dissimilar metal joints have some advantages such as high functionality characteristics for the industrial usage. This paper describes the effect of friction welding condition on joining phenomena, tensile strength, and bend ductility of friction welded joints between Al-Mg-Si alloy (AA6063) and austenitic stainless steel (AISI 304). When joints were made at a friction pressure of 30MPa with a friction speed of 27.5s−1, the upsetting (deformation) occurred at the AA6063 side. The temperature on the weld interface increased with friction time, and it reached to 623K or over at a friction time of 1.5s or longer. When joints were made with a friction time of 1.5s and a forge pressure of 240MPa, all joints had the joint efficiency of approximately 100% and the fracture in the AA6063 base metal. Furthermore, those joints had the bend ductility of 90° in a single direction with no crack at the weld interface and did not have the intermetallic compound (IMC) interlayer on the weld interface. To obtain 100% joint efficiency with good joint, the joint should be made with the following conditions: a high forge pressure such as 240MPa, the opportune friction time that the temperature on the weld interface reached to about 623K or higher.

Effect of friction welding condition on joining phenomena, tensile strength, and bend ductility of friction welded joint between pure aluminium and AISI 304 stainless steel

Aluminium (Al) and stainless steel have such some advantages as high functionalities for the industrial usage. However, the dissimilar joints have severe problems such as generating the intermediate layer consisting of a brittle intermetallic compound (IMC interlayer) during welding process. Friction welding is very useful for making of dissimilar joint. This paper described the effect of friction welding condition on joining phenomena, tensile strength, and bend ductility of friction welded joints between pure Al (CP-Al) and austenitic stainless steel (AISI 304). The joining phenomena during the friction process such as joining behaviour, friction torque, temperature changes at the weld interface, and transitional changes of the weld interface were investigated. The effects of friction time and forge pressure on the tensile strength and bend ductility of joints were also investigated, and the metallurgical characteristics of those were observed. The joint, which had high joint efficiency, the fracture on the CP-Al side with no crack at the weld interface, and no IMC interlayer on the weld interface, could be successfully achieved. Then, the joint should be made with a high forge pressure of 150MPa, the opportune friction time at which the temperature on the weld interface reached about 573K or higher, and those friction welding conditions were suggested for obtaining good joints with high joint efficiency and the bend ductility of 90°.

摩擦スタッド接合したオーステナイト系ステンレス鋼継手の継手特性に及ぼす圧接条件の影響

摩擦スタッド接合したオーステナイト系ステンレス鋼継手の継手特性に及ぼす圧接条件の影響

Effect of Friction Welding Condition and Weld Faying Surface Properties on Tensile Strength of Friction Welded Joint between Pure Titanium and Pure Copper

This paper describes the effect of the friction welding condition and the weld faying surface properties on the tensile strength of the friction welded joint between pure titanium (Ti) and pure copper (OFC). The joint strength of the joint, which was made with the weld faying surface of the Ti side specimen finished with a surface grinding machine, was investigated. The joint did not have 100% efficiency and OFC side fracture regardless of the friction welding conditions. When the joint was made with a friction pressure of 75 MPa, the joint efficiency was approximately 64% regardless of the forge pressures, and all joints fractured at the weld interface, although that efficiency exceeded that of the joints made with other friction pressures. To improve the joint efficiency, one was made with a Ti side specimen whose weld faying surface was finished by buff polishing. The joint efficiency was increased to approximately 85%, although the joint fractured at the weld interface. Moreover, a joint at a friction pressure of 75 MPa with a forge pressure of 270 MPa or higher was obtained with an OFC side fracture, although it did not achieve 100% efficiency. The fact that the joint did not fracture at the OFC base metal was due to the mechanically mixed layer at the weld interface that depended on the maximum height of the Ti side weld faying surface. To clarify the reason why the joint did not achieve 100% joint efficiency, the tensile strength of the OFC base metal with the addition of various compressive stresses was investigated. When the compressive stress was higher than the yield stress of the OFC base metal, its tensile strength was lower than that without a compressive load. Moreover, the tensile strength along the radial direction of the OFC base metal was also slightly lower than that of the longitudinal direction. Hence, the fact that the joint did not also achieve 100% efficiency was due to the decrease in the tensile strength of the OFC base metal by the Bauschinger effect and the difference of the anisotropic property with as-manufactured condition.

Effect of friction welding condition on joining phenomena and joint strength of friction welded joint between brass and low carbon steel

This paper describes the effect of friction welding condition on joining phenomena and joint strength of friction welded joints between copper–zinc alloy (brass) and low carbon steel (LCS). When the joint was made at a friction pressure of 30 MPa with a friction speed of 27·5 s−1, brass transferred to the half radius region of the weld interface on the LCS side. Then, transferred brass extended towards the almost whole weld interface with increasing friction time. The joint efficiency increased with increasing friction time, and then the joint obtained 100% and the brass base metal fracture when the joint was made with a friction time of 4·2 s or longer. However, the fact that all joints had some cracks at the periphery portion of the weld interface was due to a deficiency of transferred brass at the periphery portion on the weld interface of the LCS side. On the other hand, brass transferred to the peripheral region of the weld interface on the LCS side, and then transferred towards the entire weld interface when the joint was made at a friction pressure of 90 MPa with a friction speed of 27·5 s−1. The joint efficiency increased with increasing friction time, and it reached 100% at a friction time of 1·5 s or longer. In addition, all joints fractured from the brass base metal with no cracking at the weld interface. To obtain 100% joint efficiency and the brass base metal fracture with no cracking at the weld interface, the joint should be made with opportune high friction pressure and friction time at which the entire weld interface had the transferred brass.

Effect of Friction Welding Condition on Joining Phenomena and Tensile Strength of Friction Welded joint between Pure Copper and Low Carbon Steel

This paper describes the effect of the friction welding condition on the joining phenomena and tensile strength of friction welded joint between pure copper (OFC) and low carbon steel (LCS). When the joint was made at friction pressure of 30 MPa with friction speed of 27.5 s −1 , OFC transferred to the half radius region of the weld interface on the LCS side, and then transferred toward the entire weld interface. The temperatures at the centerline, half radius and periphery portions on the weld interface of the LCS side were almost the same after the initial peak. When the joint was made at a friction time of 2.4 s, i.e. the friction torque was close to the initial peak, that had obtained approximately 40% joint efficiency and fractured from the weld interface with a little OFC adhering to the weld interface on the LCS side. The joint efficiency increased with increasing forge pressure, and it reached approximately 80% at a forge pressure of 180 MPa. This joint fractured at the softened OFC region adjacent to the weld interface. On the other hand, OFC transferred to the peripheral region of the weld interface on the LCS side when the joint was made at friction pressure of 90 MPa with friction speed of 27.5 s −1 . However, OFC transfer was not obtained at the central region because the temperature at the periphery portion was higher than that of the other portions. The joint efficiency increased with increasing friction time, and it obtained approximately 74% at a friction time of 1.2 s. Moreover, all joints fractured between the OFC side and the weld interface, although the joints were made with higher forge pressure. To obtain higher joint efficiency and fracture in the OFC side, the joint should be made with low friction pressure and high forge pressure, and with the friction time at which the friction torque reaches the initial peak.

Study of friction welding of polyethylene

The effect of friction welding condition on the friction welding phenomena of high density polyethylene was investigated with a brake type friction welding machine which was built as a trial for polyethylene.The experimental results are as follows;1) The initial torque, steady torque and total loss were increased by increase of friction pressure. These tendencies were the same manner as carbon steel.2) The rate of total length of rotated side and fixed side changed with friction welding condition. These phenomena were different from the those of carbon steel.3) The friction welding condition range of polyethylene for good appearance became narrower than that of carbon steel.4) In the case of polyethylene, the environment in workshop became worse by occurrence of cotton dust, scatter of liquefied polyethylene and bad smell, when friction welding was investigated except pertinent friction welding condition. Therefore, this material required sufficient care, when friction welding condition was selected.

ポリエチレンの摩擦圧接に関する研究

The effect of friction welding condition on the friction welding phenomena of high density polyethylene was investigated with a brake type friction welding machine which was built as a trial for polyethylene.The experimental results are as follows;1) The initial torque, steady torque and total loss were increased by increase of friction pressure. These tendencies were the same manner as carbon steel.2) The rate of total length of rotated side and fixed side changed with friction welding condition. These phenomena were different from the those of carbon steel.3) The friction welding condition range of polyethylene for good appearance became narrower than that of carbon steel.4) In the case of polyethylene, the environment in workshop became worse by occurrence of cotton dust, scatter of liquefied polyethylene and bad smell, when friction welding was investigated except pertinent friction welding condition. Therefore, this material required sufficient care, when friction welding condition was selected.

Effects of friction welding conditions on initial joining phenomena

Summary This paper describes an investigation into the effects of friction welding conditions on the initial joining phenomena and joining mechanism in the first and second phases of friction welding on a continuous drive type friction welding machine using mild steel specimens. The results obtained may be summarised as follows: 1. At a friction pressure as low as around 35 MPa, the initial joining location shifts from the axial centre of the specimen towards its outside with an increasing friction pressure. If the friction pressure exceeds this value, however, it remains virtually constant. 2. The effect of the friction pressure on the time taken for initial joining to start is pronounced when the friction pressure is less than around 10 MPa. The time taken for joining to start then increases with a decreasing friction pressure. If the friction pressure exceeds this value, however, the time is little changed. 3. The initial joining location virtually coincides with the location where maximum traces are found on the faying surface and with the location where the maximum faying surface temperature is attained. 4. The torque values in the first and second phases of friction welding are virtually proportional to the faying surface contact area. 5. The mechanism responsible for shifting of the initial joining location due to any difference in the friction pressure not only stems from heat conduction, but is also due to temperature rise induced shifting of the friction location and plastic deformation of the faying surface.

初期接合現象に及ぼす摩擦圧接条件の影響

The effect of friction welding condition on initial joining phenomena and mechanism in 1st and 2nd phases of friction welding were investigated with continuous drive type friction welding machine, using mild steel.The results are as follows ;1) The initial joining location moved from the axial center part to the outside part of the specimen with the increase of friction pressure, when friction pressure was low. However, its location was constant, when friction pressure was high.2) The initial joining start time increased with the decrease of friction pressure, when friction pressure was low but its time was not very much change, when friction pressure was high.3) The location of traces and maximum temperature in faying surface agree with initial joining location.4) The friction torque values on the 1st and 2nd phases were in proportion to the contact area in faying surface.5) It was considered that the mechanism of movement of initial joining location by the friction pressure was caused by the movement of the location of plastic deformation with the increase of temperature in faying surface and heat conduction of the axial center part.

Effects of friction welding conditions on the mechanical properties of friction welded joints in 7075 aluminium alloy

Summary Friction welding was carried out under various welding conditions using high strength 7075 aluminium alloy; an investigation into the structure and the mechanical properties of joints thus obtained leads to the following conclusions: The fibrous structure at the heat affected zone changed to align in the direction of flash expulsion and the fibrous structure at the weld zone disappeared and a non-directional fine grain structure was evident. The hardness at the weld interface had a lower value than that of the base metal and an even more softened zone than the weld interface was noted at the heat affected zone. The hardness values at the weld interface and the softened zone were seen to recover after friction welding due to natural ageing but did not recover fully. Both the values of the tensile strength and the elongation declined compared with the base metal in joints made under the conditions that gave the maximum value of tensile strength; the former was 81% and the latter was 83% that of the base metal. The joint impact value of a specimen with a notch on the weld interface was 73% that of the base metal.

Effects of friction welding conditions and weld flash on fatigue strength of steel friction‐welded joints

Summary As‐welded hot‐ and cold‐drawn mild steel solid round bar specimens are used to determine the effect of flash on the fatigue strength of friction‐welded joints in rotating bending fatigue tests. The results obtained may be summarised as follows. The fatigue strength of the hot‐ and cold‐drawn friction‐welded joints with flash decreases with an increasing upset pressure. The fracture location of friction‐welded joints with flash is the flash toe. The upset pressure has a pronounced effect on the fatigue strength, whereas the friction pressure and burn‐off have little effect. The toe radius of the flash decreases with an increasing upset pressure, whereas the toe angle conversely increases. Stress concentration in the flash toe is therefore considered to be the main cause of the greater loss of fatigue strength in friction‐welded joints with flash than in the base metal. The fatigue strength of the hot‐drawn joints recovers to the base metal level under any welding conditions so long as the flash is ...