Effects Of Food Sources Research Articles

Effect of Food Sources on Body Fat Percentage of Students at Diponegoro University, Indonesia

The prevalence of overweight individuals in Indonesia increased among adults over the age of 18, from 15.4% in 2014 to 21.8% in 2018. A study conducted by the Faculty of Public Health at Diponegoro University in 2023 found that 22% of college students had excessive body fat, and 70% primarily sourced their food through purchases. This study analyzed the impact of food sources on body fat in college students. It employed a crosssectional design involving 140 students from the Faculty of Public Health at Diponegoro University, selected through proportional random sampling. The independent variable was the food sources, and the dependent variable was body fat percentage. Data were analyzed using the Chi-Square test and Multiple Logistic Regression. It was found that 49.3% of college students had excess body fat. The body fat percentage was higher among students who relied on purchasing food compared to those who cooked (OR=4.6; CI: 1.804-11.572; p=0.001).Other factors influencing excess body fat included high carbohydrate adequacy (OR=7.8; CI: 1.977-30.469; p=0.003), low nutritional knowledge (OR=3.0; CI: 1.280-6.949; p=0.011), and female gender (OR=5.2; CI: 1.675-16.088; p=0.004). In conclusion, body fat percentage among college students was influenced by food sources, carbohydrate adequacy, gender, and nutritional knowledge.

Effects of food source and feeding frequency on Chagasic bug (Triatoma pallidipennis) fitness

Effects of food source and feeding frequency on Chagasic bug (Triatoma pallidipennis) fitness

Bifurcation analysis and chaos control in a discrete‐time plant quality and larch budmoth interaction model with Ricker equation

We investigate the dynamics of two‐dimensional discrete‐time model of leaf quality and larch budmoth interaction with Ricker equation. More precisely, the qualitative behavior of larch budmoth model is discussed in which the effect of food source upon the moth population is through intrinsic growth rate. We find the parametric conditions for local asymptotic stability of the unique positive fixed point. It is also proved that under certain parametric conditions, the system undergoes period‐doubling bifurcation with the help of center manifold theory. The parametric conditions for existence and direction of Neimark‐Sacker bifurcation at positive fixed point is investigated with the help of standard mathematical techniques of bifurcation theory. The chaos control in the system is discussed through implementation of hybrid control methodology. Finally, numerical simulations are provided to illustrate theoretical results. These results of numerical simulations demonstrate chaotic long‐term behavior over a broad range of parameters. The computation of the maximum Lyapunov exponents confirms the presence of chaotic behavior in the system.

应用稳定同位素研究广西东方洞食物网结构和营养级关系

稳定性同位素技术已经成为研究生态系统食物网结构和营养级关系及其动态变化的重要手段。应用稳定同位素技术(<em>δ</em>¹³C和<em>δ</em>¹⁵N)研究了东风洞的食物网结构和营养级关系。研究结果表明,东风洞主要为腐食食物链,由于在洞穴内黑暗带中无光照也无植物生长,所以碳源主要为东风洞中的土壤有机质,作为第一营养级;主要摄食关系为马陆与土壤有机物质,螺类与土壤有机物质等;在该洞生态系统中,将3种马陆直接作为初级消费者,以隅蛛和其它马陆平均值之间的差值(2.04‰)作为东风洞食物网稳定氮同位素的富集因子。根据营养级模型可知,马陆类群、细长钻螺等土壤动物,裸灶螽和涂闪夜蛾形成第二营养级,即初级消费者;第三营养级包括蜘蛛类、盲蛛、地蜈蚣以及黑眶蟾蜍,为次级消费者。

イソシジミ(&lt;i&gt;Nuttallia olivacea&lt;/i&gt;)の生育状況に影響を与える餌料源の検討

イソシジミ(&lt;i&gt;Nuttallia olivacea&lt;/i&gt;)の生育状況に影響を与える餌料源の検討

Effects of food sources on growth rates and survival of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fry

The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of live food (Chlorella vulgaris, Artemia fransciscana), artificial feed and combinations of both types (Chlorella + Artemia nauplii; Chlorella + Artificial feed; Artemia nauplii + Artificial feed; and Chlorella + Artemia nauplii + Artificial feed) on the growth, feed utilization efficiency and survival of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fry. Triplicate groups of swim-up fry (0.012 g average body weight) were stocked in 20 l fibreglass tanks, with 6 l of water, in a closed rectangular indoor system, at a density of 24 fry per tank (4 fry l−1). The foods were offered to the fish 3 times a day, for 35 days. The results indicated that the maximum body weight gain and survival were achieved in fry fed on Artemia nauplii and on the combination of the three food types, followed by those fed on Artemia nauplii + Artificial. The lowest growth and survival rates were observed in fry fed on Chlorella suspension alone. The fry fed only with artificial feed showed moderate growth and good survival. In conclusion, Artemia nauplii was the best live food, followed by Artemia nauplii combined with artificial feed, to accelerate the growth rate of the fry.

Host Breadth and Ovipositional Behavior of AdultPolydrusus sericeusandPhyllobius oblongus(Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Nonindigenous Inhabitants of Northern Hardwood Forests

Polydrusus sericeus (Schaller) and Phyllobius oblongus (L.) are nonindigenous root-feeding weevils in northern hardwood forests of Wisconsin and Michigan. Detailed studies of adult host range, tree species preferences, and effects of food source on fecundity and longevity have not been conducted in North America. P. sericeus and P. oblongus adults fed on leaves of all 11 deciduous tree species offered in no-choice assays, but amount of consumption varied among species. P. sericeus consumed more yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis Britton), basswood (Tilia americana L.), and ironwood [Ostrya virginiana (Miller) K. Koch] than maple (Acer spp.). Conversely, P. oblongus consumed more ironwood than poplar (Populus spp.) and yellow birch, with maple being intermediate. Females ate 2.5 times as much as males. Mean frass production by P. sericeus was strongly correlated with foliage consumption among host tree species. In feeding choice assays, P. sericeus preferred yellow birch over ironwood, basswood, and aspen (Populus tremuloides Michaux). P. sericeus produced 29.93 ± 1.43 eggs/d when feeding on yellow birch compared with 2.04 ± 0.36 eggs/d on sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marshall). P. oblongus produced 4.32 ± 1.45 eggs/d when feeding on sugar maple compared with just 0.2 ± 0.1 eggs/d on yellow birch. Overall, total egg production for P. sericeus and P. oblongus averaged 830.1 ± 154.8 and 23.8 ± 11.8 eggs, respectively, when feeding on their optimal host plants. P. sericeus survived approximately five times longer in assays than P. oblongus, and it oviposited a total of 25.8 ± 4.0 d, whereas P. oblongus oviposited 1.9 ± 0.9 d. Egg size among P. sericeus and P. oblongus was 0.53 ± 0.008 by 0.32 ± 0.003 and 0.56 ± 0.005 by 0.29 ± 0.004 mm, respectively. In laboratory rearing of P. sericeus on yellow birch seedlings, 18% of the initial 500 larvae completed development to adults.

Isotopic evidence for the incorporation of methane-derived carbon into foraminifera from modern methane seeps, Hydrate Ridge, Northeast Pacific

The presence of modern methane seeps at Hydrate Ridge, offshore Oregon, provide an opportunity to study the influence of methane seeps on the ecology and geochemistry of living foraminifera. A series of cores were collected from the southern summit of Hydrate Ridge in 2002. Samples were preserved and stained to determine the δ 13C composition of three species of live (stained) and dead benthic foraminifera: Uvigerina peregrina, Cibicidoides mckannai, and Globobulimina auriculata. Specimens were examined under light and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and exhibit no evidence of diagenesis or authigenic carbonate precipitation. Individual living foraminifera from seep sites recorded δ 13C values from −0.4‰ to −21.2‰, indicating the isotopic influence of high methane concentrations. Average δ 13C values (calculated from single specimens) range from −1.28 to −5.64‰ at seep sites, and −0.81 to −0.85‰ at a control (off seep) site. Two distinct seep environments, distinguished by the presence of microbial mats or clam fields, were studied to determine environmental influences on δ 13C values. Individual foraminifera from microbial mat sites exhibited more depleted δ 13C values than those from clam field sites. We interpret these differences as an effect of food source and/or symbiotic microbes on foraminiferal carbon isotopic values, acting to magnify the negative δ 13C values recorded via the DIC pool. No statistical difference was found between δ 13C values of live vs. dead specimens. This suggests that authigenic carbonate precipitation did not play a dominant role in the observed isotopic compositions. However, a few dead specimens with extremely negative δ 13C composition (<-12‰) do indicate potential evidence for an authigenic influence on the recorded δ 13C composition.

The effects of food sources on Japanese monkey home range size and location, and population dynamics

The effects of supplemental feeding by tourists on wild Japanese monkey's home range size and location, and troop size and composition were studied for two monkey troops, Troop A and Troop B, living along the Irohazaka loop road, Nikko National Park, central Japan. Changes were documented based on data gathered from 1982 to 1996 by the use of radio telemetry. Troop A's home range size shrank and changed from separate winter and summer ranges to a single, year-round home range, with its core located in a high elevation area where supplemental feeding by tourists was heavy. Troop B's home range also shrank and shifted to a lower elevation where supplemental feeding by tourists was heavy. Troop A's population size increased between the winters of 1983-1984 and 1990-1991 in conjunction with an increase in human encounter rates, and then decreased. Troop B's size increased until the winter of 1993-1994, and then decreased. The instability of troop size between 1993 and 1996 may be explained by documented factors such as a decrease in the adult sex ratio, an increase in the infant-female ratio, and an increase in juvenile mortality and/or emigration, all of which may have been influenced by supplemental feeding by tourists.

Effects of a Food Source on Red Flour Beetle (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) Survival After Exposure on Concrete Treated with Cyfluthrin

The effects of a flour food source on survivorship of red flour beetles, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), were determined after beetles were exposed every 2 wk for 16 wk for intervals of 15-120 min on concrete treated with cyfluthrin wettable powder. Knockdown generally increased as exposure interval increased but declined as residues aged. After week 4, survival was usually >60% at all exposure intervals for beetles placed on Hour after they were exposed to the insecticide. Survival decreased as exposure interval increased for beetles not provided with flour, but longer exposure intervals were required to kill 90%of the population as the cyfluthrin residues aged. The flour may have enhanced survival by physically removing the insecticide from the insect cuticle and by providing the beetles with nutritional resources. Results demonstrate the importance of sanitation in mills and food warehouses. Insecticide treatments may be less effective unless good sanitation is practiced.