Effects Of Fire Disturbance Research Articles

Effects of fire disturbance on Larix gmelinii growth-climate relationship

• The reduction in larch growth after the fire lasts for 3–5 years. • Fire disturbance can cause changes in the radial growth-climate relationship of trees before and after a fire. • Moisture plays a role in promoting tree growth after a fire. Wildfire is a widespread phenomenon on the earth that has affected most ecosystems and is responsible for enormous economic and environmental damage. The Greater Khingan Mountains, the south boundary of the boreal forest, are a fire-prone area. However, the effect of fire disturbance on tree growth in response to climate warming is unknown. To predict the future dynamics of boreal forests after fire disturbance and their feedback on climate change, we analyzed Larix gmelinii growth-climate relationships in burned areas at six sites. The result showed a significant decline in the growth of burned trees in all locations except CY1 during the fire years. There was a growth release 3–5 years after the fire disturbance. The result of growth-climate relationships found that the response of CY1 and GH burned and unburned trees to mean temperature changed from a positive to a negative correlation before and after the fire year. Changes in tree growth response to PDSI were significant for both burned and unburned trees, suggesting that this change in response is related to fire disturbance and influenced by climate warming and drying in recent decades. The resistance of larch to fire showed that in the three years before and after the fire year, there was a significant reduction in the growth of burned larch, except for CY1. Our findings suggested that burned and unburned larch respond differently to climate change. Wildfires change the relationship between the radial growth of trees and climate factors. It may also alter the structural composition and biodiversity of boreal forests.

Effects of fire disturbance on species and functional compositions vary with tree sizes in a tropical dry forest.

BackgroundDisturbances are crucial in determining forest biodiversity, dynamics, and ecosystem functions. Surface fire is a significant disturbance in tropical forests, but research on the effect of surface fire on structuring species and functional composition in a community through time remains scarce. Using a 20-year dataset of tree demography in a seasonal evergreen tropical forest in Thailand, we specifically addressed two essential questions: (1) What is the pattern of temporal turnover in species and functional composition in a community with frequent fire disturbance? (2) How did the temporal turnover vary with tree size?MethodsWe analyzed species compositional and functional temporal turnovers in four different tree size classes among five tree censuses. We quantified species turnover by calculating Bray-Curtis dissimilarity, and investigated its underlying mechanisms by comparing pairwise dissimilarity of functional traits with simulations from null models. If fire disturbances contribute more to a stochastic process, the functional composition would display a random pattern. However, if they contribute more towards a deterministic process, the functional composition should reveal a non-random pattern.ResultsOver 20 years (1994–2014), we observed changes in species composition, whereas functional composition remained relatively stable. The temporal turnover patterns of species and functional compositions varied with tree sizes. In particular, temporal functional turnover shifted very little for large trees, suggesting that changes in species composition of larger trees are contributed by species with similar functional traits through time. The temporal functional composition turnovers of smaller trees (DBH ≤ 5 cm) were mostly at random. We detected a higher functional turnover than expected by null models in some quadrats throughout the 50-ha study plot, and their observed turnover varied with diameter classes.ConclusionsSpecies compositional changes were caused by changes in the abundance of species with similar functional traits through time. Temporal functional turnover in small trees was random in most quadrats, suggesting that the recruits came from the equal proportions of surviving trees and new individuals of fast-growing species, which increased rapidly after fires. On the other hand, functional composition in big trees was more likely determined by surviving trees which maintained higher functional similarities than small trees through time. Fire disturbance is important for ecosystem functions, as changing forest fire frequency may alter forest turnover, particularly in functional composition in the new recruits of this forest.

Carbon and nitrogen dynamics in tropical ecosystems following fire

AbstractAimTropical ecosystems have grown increasingly prone to fire over the last century. However, no consensus has yet emerged regarding the effects of fire disturbances on tropical biogeochemical cycles.LocationTropics.Time period1960–2018.Major taxa studiedTropical ecosystems: Above‐ and below‐ground carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) dynamics.MethodsWe analysed the impacts of fire on C and N dynamics in tropical ecosystems through a meta‐analysis of 1,420 observations from 87 studies.ResultsFire reduced both above‐ and below‐ground C and N pools, with greater reductions above‐ than below‐ground. Fire decreased soil total carbon (TC), total nitrogen (TN) and nitrate nitrogen () and increased ammonium nitrogen () in surface mineral soil layers but did not affect those in deep layers. Fire decreased TC and TN in savanna but did not affect those in tropical dry and moist forests. Fire did not affect and in savanna because of non‐significant responses of N mineralization rate (Nmin) to fire. Conversely, fire increased and decreased in tropical dry forest, but did not affect and increased in tropical moist forest owing to thermal decomposition of soil organic N and increased soil nitrification, respectively. Moreover, declined and increased initially and then decreased with time after fire. Above‐ and below‐ground response variables to prescribed fire were mediated largely by fire frequency and experimental duration, respectively.Main conclusionsOur results suggest a high vulnerability of the above‐ground C and N pools to fire, whereas the biogeochemical cycles below‐ground are of high complexity. Fire effects on below‐ground C and N pools, which are highly uncertain and vegetation specific, should be investigated further.

Effects of recovery time after fire and fire severity on stand structure and soil of larch forest in the Kanas National Nature Reserve, Northwest China

Forest recovery may be influenced by several factors, of which fire is the most critical. However, the moderate- and long-term effects of fire on forest recovery are less researched in Northwest China. Thus, the effects of different forest recovery time after fire (1917 (served as the control), 1974, 1983 and 1995) and fire severities (low, moderate and high) on larch (Larix sibirica Ledeb.) forest were investigated in the Kanas National Nature Reserve (KNNR), Northwest China in 2017. This paper analyzed post-fire changes in stand density, total basal area (TBA), litter mass, soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil nutrients (total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium) with one-way analyses of variance. Results indicate that litter mass, TBA, SOC and soil nutrients increased with increasing recovery time after fire and decreasing fire severity, while the stand density showed an opposite response. The effects of fire disturbance on SOC and soil nutrients decreased with increasing soil depth. Moreover, we found that more than 43 a is needed to recover the litter mass, TBA, SOC and soil nutrients to the pre-fire level. In conclusion, high-severity fire caused the greatest variations in stand structure and soil of larch forest, and low-severity fire was more advantageous for post-fire forest stand structure and soil recovery in the KNNR. Therefore, low-severity fire can be an efficient management mean through reducing the accumulation of forest floor fuel of post-fire forests in the KNNR, Northwest China.

火干扰对森林土壤斥水性的影响研究进展

火干扰对森林土壤斥水性的影响研究进展

Short-term effects of fire disturbance on CH4 emission from forested wetlands in the Xiaoxing’an Mountains, Northeast China

Using static chamber gas chromatography, we determined the seasonal dynamics, controlling factors, and distribution patterns of forest swamp CH4 levels and related environmental factors (temperature, water level) after fire disturbance in the Xiaoxing’an Mountains. The results showed the following: during the growing season, the annual CH4 emission distribution ranged from − 0.001 ± 0.012 to 22.373 ± 3.650 mg m−2 h−1; mild fire caused the swamp CH4 emission flux of tussock, shrub, Alnus sibirica and birch swamp to increase by 56.0–524.7%; at low water levels, temperature had a significant influence on the swamp type, and the correlation between the methane emission flux and temperature was significantly strengthened; after a fire disturbance, methane emissions from all types of marsh were highest in summer and second highest in autumn, with a weak absorption in spring; and along the water environment gradient of the transition zone, the CH4 emission flux presented a decreasing trend in its spatial distribution pattern.

Assessing the Effects of Fire Disturbances and Timber Management on Carbon Storage in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem.

Accurate characterization of Carbon (C) consequences of forest disturbances and management is critical for informed climate mitigation and adaptation strategies. While research into generalized properties of the forest C cycle informs policy and provides abstract guidance to managers, most management occurs at local scales and relies upon monitoring systems that can consistently provide C cycle assessments that explicitly apply to a defined time and place. We used an inventory-based forest monitoring and simulation tool to quantify C storage effects of actual fires, timber harvests, and forest regeneration conditions in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (GYE). Results show that (1) the 1988 fires had a larger impact on GYE's C storage than harvesting during 1985-2011; (2) continuation of relatively high harvest rates of the region's National Forest land, which declined after 1990, would have shifted the disturbance agent primary importance on those lands from fire to harvest; and (3) accounting for local heterogeneity of post-disturbance regeneration patterns translates into large regional effects on total C storage. Large fires in 1988 released about 8.3 ± 0.3 Mg/ha of C across Yellowstone National Park (YNP, including both disturbed and undisturbed area), compared with total C storage reductions due to harvest of about 2.3 ± 0.3 Mg/ha and 2.6 ± 0.2 Mg/ha in adjacent Caribou-Targhee and Gallatin National Forests, respectively, from 1985-2011. If the high harvest rates observed in 1985-1989 had been maintained through 2011 in GYE National Forests, the C storage effect of harvesting would have quintupled to 10.5 ± 1.0 Mg/ha, exceeding the immediate losses associated with YNP's historic fire but not the longer-term net loss of carbon (16.9 ± 0.8 Mg/ha). Following stand-replacing disturbance such as the 1988 fires, the actual regeneration rate was slower than the default regional average rate assumed by empirically calibrated forest growth models. If regeneration following the 1988 fire had reached regionally average rates, either through different natural circumstances or through more active management, YNP would have had approximately 4.1 Mg/ha more forest carbon by year 2020. This study highlights the relative effects of fire disturbances and management activities on regional C storage, and demonstrates a forest carbon monitoring system that can be both applied consistently across the US and tailored to questions of specific local management interest.

中度火干扰对兴安落叶松林土壤呼吸的影响

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 中度火干扰对兴安落叶松林土壤呼吸的影响 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201705311005 作者: 作者单位: 东北林业大学林学院,东北林业大学林学院,东北林业大学林学院 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目（2572015DA01）；国家自然科学基金项目（31470657） Effects of fire disturbances on soil respiration in Dahurian Larch (Larix gmelinii) forests Author: Affiliation: Faculty of Forestry,Northeast Forestry University,Faculty of Forestry,Northeast Forestry University,Faculty of Forestry,Northeast Forestry University Fund Project: Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2572015DA01); National Natural Science Foundation (31470657) 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:通过测定中度火干扰后塔河地区兴安落叶松（Larix gmelinii）林生长季土壤呼吸（Rs），并进一步探究火干扰后影响土壤呼吸变化的主要环境因子。选择在塔河林业局火烧4年后兴安落叶松林中度火烧迹地设置样地，选择临近未过火区域设置对照样地。土壤呼吸通量用LI-8100进行测量，土壤异养呼吸（Rh）采用壕沟法进行测量。火烧迹地与未火烧对照样地生长季土壤呼吸速率平均值分别为（3.67±1.03）μmol CO2 m-2 s-1，（4.21±1.25）μmol CO2 m-2 s-1。火烧迹地土壤呼吸速率显著降低（P<0.05）。生长季土壤呼吸组分的动态变化表明，土壤呼吸速率的降低是因为土壤自养呼吸（Ra）显著降低导致的（P<0.05）。温度是控制这一地区生长季土壤呼吸变化的主要环境因子。与对照样地相比，火烧迹地土壤呼吸的变化与土壤温度具有更强的相关性。塔河地区兴安落叶松林火烧迹地和未火烧对照样地Q10分别为5.85±1.06，4.25±1.19，火干扰后Q10显著增加（P<0.05）。研究结果表明：在全球气候变化的背景下火干扰后中国塔河地区兴安落叶松林生态系统对温度的变化更为敏感。本研究结果将为研究中国塔河地区火干扰后碳循环变化提供数据支持。 Abstract:This study investigated the increasing seasonal soil respiration (Rs) in the Dahurian Larch (Larix gmelinii) forests after fire disturbance in the Tahe area, and identified the main environmental factors influencing soil respiration changes after fires. Plots that had been under fire disturbance over four years in the Tahe forestry bureau were selected for this investigation, and the nearby unburnt area was selected for the control plots. The Rs was measured by using an Li-8100, and the trench method was used to measure the soil heterotrophic respiration (Rh). The mean Rs of post-fire plots and unburnt control plots was (3.67±1.03)μmol CO2 m-2 s-1 and (4.21±1.25)μmol CO2 m-2 s-1, respectively. The Rs in the post-fire plots was significantly lower than that in the unburnt control plots (P < 0.05). We quantified the Rs component changes after fire disturbance. The decrease in Rs was mainly due to a significantly decreased autotrophic respiration (Ra) rate (P < 0.05). Soil temperature was the dominant environmental factor influencing soil respiration variability in this area. Compared with the unburnt control plots, the Rs in the post-fire plots had a much stronger correlation with soil temperature. The temperature sensitivity index (Q10) of Rs in the post-fire plots and unburnt control plots was 5.85±1.06 and 4.25±1.19, respectively. The Q10 value significantly increased after fire disturbance (P < 0.05). In view of the global climate change, the results of this study demonstrate that the Dahurian Larch (L. gmelinii) forest ecosystem in the Tahe area of China is sensitive to temperature change. Our findings provide scientific basis for research on carbon cycling after fire disturbance in the Tahe area of China. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Effects of fire disturbance on alpha and beta diversity and on beta diversity components of soil seed banks and aboveground vegetation

Background and aims Although an understanding of the effects of fire severity on diversity components of the soil seed bank (SSB) and aboveground vegetation (AGV) is important to inform conservation

Effects of fire disturbance on soil respiration in the non-growing season in a Larix gmelinii forest in the Daxing'an Mountains, China.

In boreal forests, fire is an important part of the ecosystem that greatly influences soil respiration, which in turn affects the carbon balance. Wildfire can have a significant effect on soil respiration and it depends on the fire severity and environmental factors (soil temperature and snow water equivalent) after fire disturbance. In this study, we quantified post-fire soil respiration during the non-growing season (from November to April) in a Larix gmelinii forest in Daxing'an Mountains of China. Soil respiration was measured in the snow-covered and snow-free conditions with varying degrees of natural burn severity forests. We found that soil respiration decreases as burn severity increases. The estimated annual C efflux also decreased with increased burn severity. Soil respiration during the non-growing season approximately accounted for 4%–5% of the annual C efflux in all site types. Soil temperature (at 5 cm depth) was the predominant determinant of non-growing season soil respiration change in this area. Soil temperature and snow water equivalent could explain 73%–79% of the soil respiration variability in winter snow-covering period (November to March). Mean spring freeze–thaw cycle (FTC) period (April) soil respiration contributed 63% of the non-growing season C efflux. Our finding is key for understanding and predicting the potential change in the response of boreal forest ecosystems to fire disturbance under future climate change.

Effects of fire disturbance on ant abundance and diversity: a global meta-analysis

We conducted a meta-analysis of the effects of fire on the abundance and alpha diversity of ants based upon data published over the past 70 years. Overall, fire reduced ant diversity by 18 %, but had no effect on ant abundance. However, there was significant variation in the effect of fire on ant diversity amongst different vegetation types. Fire significantly decreased ant diversity in forests—especially in tropical forests—whereas in deserts, grasslands, and savannas it did not. Similarly, fire had a strong negative mean effect on ant diversity in sites where it is uncommon, but did not significantly affect diversity where it is a recurrent phenomenon. There is evidence that, in forests, wildfires have a stronger negative effect on ant diversity than does prescribed burning. In addition, we found marginally significant differences in the effect of fire on the abundance and diversity of forest ants among studies that sampled ants at different times post-fire, or that sampled ants from different soil strata. In contrast, fire did not significantly affect the abundance or diversity of savanna ants, and this was true even after we took into account the geographic location of the study, the ant community sampled, the time since fire, and the fire regime. Overall, the results of our study indicate that habitat type is an important predictor of ant community responses to fire. However, even within a given habitat, reported effects were quite variable among the studies reviewed, evidencing the idiosyncratic nature of fire effects on ants.

林火干扰对大兴安岭主要林分类型地上生物量预测的影响模拟研究

林火干扰对大兴安岭主要林分类型地上生物量预测的影响模拟研究

Simulation of forest net primary production and the effects of fire disturbance in Northeast China

Simulation of forest net primary production and the effects of fire disturbance in Northeast China

Burning effects on detritivory and litter decay inCamposgrasslands

Disturbances are primary forces creating spatial heterogeneity in ecosystems, and inducing changes on biological communities, abiotic characteristics and ecological processes. Here we focus on the effects of fire disturbance in the decomposition process at subtropical Campos grasslands in South Brazil, where burns are traditionally used to reduce shrub encroachment, and improve forage quality. We experimentally investigated how burns and the changes they produce in grassland habitat conditions affect soil fauna detritivory and surface leaf-litter decaying patterns over one year. Previously to fire, we found significant correlation of litter decay with plant evenness and detritivory rates in non-disturbed grasslands. One month after fire grassland patches presented reduced soil fauna densities and surface feeding activity possible because of the mortality caused directly by heating, and/or due to harsh microenvironmental filters to fauna colonization and permanency (e.g. decreased humidity). At 6–7 months after fire however these features did not differ any more from the paired unburned plots. On the other hand, canopy openness accelerated the decaying of leaf-litter in burned patches by allowing increased action of abiotic factors as solar radiation potentially triggering photodegradation. These effects seemed to last less than one year. Overall, our results bring insights regarding drivers of soil ecological processes at local scales in subtropical grasslands, and suggest that detritivory and litter decay processes are sensitive to fire, but resilient following grassland recovering.

Effects of fire disturbance on bird communities and species of mountain Serrano forest in central Argentina

In central Argentina, Serrano forest has a long history of fire disturbance; however, the impact of fire on avifauna remains unknown. We compared the avian–habitat relationships in forest patches with low, moderate, and high fire regimes using a community-level (species richness, abundance, ordination and guilds) and species-level (indicator species analysis) approach. In patches under each fire condition, we recorded bird community composition, richness and abundance, and different vegetation structure variables. The site under high-severity fire regime was structurally poor and had been converted from original forest to dense grassland. There, diversity of bird community was low, retaining approximately 30 % of the species present in the least impacted site. Avian assemblage was dominated by generalist and open area birds. Guilds were underrepresented, showing an important reduction of foliage granivorous, nectarivorous, omnivores, and foliage and bark insectivorous, and absence of fly-catchers. Moreover, low abundance of forest understory, midstory, and canopy species and of birds belonging to open and closed nesting guilds was detected. By contrast, under low and moderate-severity fire regimes highest bird diversity as well as highest representativeness of most guilds was observed. Forest bird species were strongly associated with low fire disturbance, whereas moderate fire disturbance was characterized by the presence of forest and generalist species. Given the critical conservation status of Serrano forest in Córdoba, Argentina, habitat restoration and protection of forest relicts could be suitable measures to promote avifauna preservation.

A review of effects of fire disturbance on understory vegetation in boreal coniferous forest

A review of effects of fire disturbance on understory vegetation in boreal coniferous forest

Seasonal drought plays a stronger role than wildfire in shaping macroinvertebrate communities of Mediterranean streams

Mediterranean climate ecosystems are characterised by frequent fires, but few studies have focused on the effects of fire disturbance on biological communities in streams in these ecosystems. To compare the responses of macroinvertebrate communities to wildfire, eight sites were established and annually sampled for 5 years. Two months after fire, the number and abundance of macroinvertebrate taxa were not significantly different from those in control streams, but their composition and functional attributes had changed. As expected, an increase in r‐strategy taxa was observed during the year following fire. Above all, macroinvertebrate assemblages responded more strongly to hydrology (previous spring precipitation) than to fire. Drought was found to be an overriding disturbance factor, but macroinvertebrate assemblages showed high resilience. In a climate change scenario coupled with human demand for water, it will be important to study the effects of drought interacting with other disturbances like wildfire (which is in turn driven by drought).

Seasonal variation in fire temperature and influence on soil CO2 efflux, root biomass, and soil water properties in a Sudanian savanna - woodland, West Africa

Savanna ecosystems are shaped mainly by fires, the consequences of which depend on both their intensities and the season in which they occur. The effects of fire disturbance on key soil parameters are still largely unknown, yet the knowledge of those effects are crucial to our understanding and management of savanna ecosystems. This study was aimed at determining seasonal variations in fire temperature and the influence of fire on soil respiration, root biomass, and soil water infiltration. It was conducted on long-term experimental plots established in 2006 in the savanna–woodland of Burkina Faso. Four fire treatments were applied: no fire, early fire, mid dry-season fire, and late dry-season fire. The results indicated that the average maximum temperature and the residence time of the lethal temperature varied significantly (P &lt; 0.05) depending on the season of fire occurrence, the location of the soil probe, and the interaction between these two factors. The duration of heating above the critical temperature threshold was generally longest at ground level. The season in which fire occurred significantly (P ≤ 0.001) affected soil respiration, soil root biomass, and soil water infiltration. In conclusion, although fire can be used as a management tool in the savanna, the effects of fire on soil should be considered.

Effects of fire disturbance on the soil physical and chemical properties and vegetation of Pinus massoniana forest in south subtropical area

A variety of studies on the impact of fire disturbance on ecosystems has shown that the physical and chemical properties of soil after fire disturbance change notably. Meanwhile, little is known about the effects of different fire intensities on the soil properties and vegetation after fire disturbance, especially in the south subtropical area. In this paper, we analyzed the soil physical and chemical properties, vegetation species and species diversity of fire center, fire edge (which was burned a year ago) and non-burned Pinus massoniana plantation in Gaoyao, Guangdong province, China. The results showed that the soil conductivity, water content, total nitrogen, total potassium, and available potassium content of fire center were significantly higher than those of the non-burned land, and pH was higher than that of fire edge, whereas the available nitrogen, total phosphorus and organic matter content were much lower, which were generally existed in 0–10 cm soil layer and 10–30 cm soil layer. Changes of the soil properties of fire edge were similar with those of fire center, but less significant, and seemed to be more complex. Effects of burning on the vegetation of fire disturbance plots were found to be notable, species number and average height of plants of fire disturbance plots were lower than those of the non-burned plots, a difference of species diversity and uniformity were also shown, and finally, the composition of plant community also changed, e.g., pioneer species such as D. dichotoma, etc., dominated, and drought-resistant plants, heat-resistant plants and positive plants increased after burning.

EFFECTS OF NATURAL FIRE DISTURBANCE ON STRUCTURE OF TREE SPECIES IN KANAS TOURISM DISTRICT, XINJIANG, CHINA

Aims Forest fires are widespread disturbance factors in most forest ecosystems. The structure and function of forest ecosystems have a close relationship with fire disturbance. Exploring the effects of natural fire disturbance is important for understanding forest succession. Our objective was to study the effects of fire disturbance on the structure of tree species in the Kanas tourism district to explain the role of natural fire disturbance in forest dynamics. Methods We recorded the height and quantity of each tree species in 78 plots of 30 m × 30 m dimensions in the Kanas tourism district. The dates of fire disturbance were determined by fire scars. Data were analyzed using SPSS software. Important findings Stands with and without natural fire disturbance had different tree structure. Forest seasonal structure and tree composition were affected by natural fire disturbance, and the indexes of tree structure were higher in disturbed plots than that in undisturbed plots. Moreover, the proportion of tree species and tree species richness were significantly different for eight different periods of fire disturbances (p0.01). Fire disturbance was one of the main factors controlling structure of tree species.