Effects Of Family Characteristics Research Articles

Effects of Family Characteristics and Work Relationship on Retirement among Teachers in Agona West Municipality, Ghana

Family characteristics and work relationships have effects on teachers’ retirement decision-making in the country. This has led to much frustrations of life for some retired teachers in Ghana. The study was guided by the following research objectives: Effects of family characteristics on retirement decision-making, the influence of work relationships on retirement decision-making and the strategies that can be put in place to improve retirement decision-making among teachers. A quantitative approach and descriptive survey design were used. The target population comprised teachers in public Basic schools in the Agona West Municipality. 150 teachers formed the sample for the study. Data was obtained using a self-developed questionnaire. It emerged from the findings that high financial demands stemming from home expenses, expectations from family members, and being first-borns hindered individuals’ ability to save and plan for their retirement. Also, it revealed that teachers in the Agona Swedru Municipal place considerable importance on their interactions with colleagues when it comes to retirement decision-making. It was found that teachers in the Agona Swedru Municipal place considerable importance on their interactions with colleagues when it comes to retirement decision-making. It was therefore recommended that retirement planning initiatives and financial education programmes should prioritize offering diverse and adaptable forms of psychoeducation and guidance to cater for the varying expectations and preferences of respondents. Educational institutions and policymakers should encourage and support peer relationships to improve retirement preparedness and satisfaction among teachers in the Municipality. Prioritize and tailor retirement planning guidance and education to address the diverse preferences and needs of respondents.

The Effect of Family Characteristics on the Functioning of a Child with an Autistic Spectrum Disorder in Bedouin Society in Israel.

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by difficulties in communication and social-emotional interaction. It is associated with an increase of parental stress and poor family functioning, both of which are harmful for a child's functioning and adaptive behavior. An important source of support to parents are grandparents, especially in traditional populations. One such population is the Bedouin population. The present study tested the association between emotional support from mother and mother-in-law to the adaptive behavior of children with ASD, and whether this relation is serially mediated by family functioning and satisfaction in life as reported by Bedouin mothers of children with ASD. 100 mothers of children with ASD fulfilled a questionnaire about emotional support from their mothers and mother-in-law, family functioning, satisfaction in life and child's adaptive behavior. We found that indeed, family functioning and satisfaction in life serially mediated the relations between emotional support from mother and mother-in-law and child adaptive behavior. These findings indicate that intergenerational solidarity between women can improve not only the functioning of the nuclear family and wife's satisfaction with life, but also, indirectly, the adaptive behavior of a child with ASD. It highlights the importance of women solidarity, especially in traditional society, where women are kept marginal.

Preschool children's screen time during the COVID-19 pandemic: associations with family characteristics and children's anxiety/withdrawal and approaches to learning.

With schools closed due to the COVID-19, many children have been exposed to media devices for learning and entertainment, raising concerns over excessive screen time for young children. The current study examined how preschoolers' screen time was associated with their family characteristics and anxiety/withdrawal and approaches to learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants were 764 caregivers of 3- to 6-year-old children (mean age = 59.07 months, SD = 12.28 months; 403 boys and 361 girls) from nine preschools in Wuhan, China, where the pandemic started. The effects of family characteristics on children's screen time during the pandemic outbreak and the associations between screen time and children's anxiety/withdrawal and approaches to learning were examined using path analysis. The results showed that children who spent more time on interactive screen use (e.g., playing with tablets) showed higher levels of anxiety/withdrawal and fewer positive learning behaviors. Unexpectedly, children who spent more time on noninteractive screen use (e.g., watching TV) showed lower levels of anxiety/withdrawal. Additionally, children's screen time was related to family characteristics: children living in more chaotic families with fewer screen time restrictions spent more time on screen use after the pandemic outbreak. The findings suggest that young children's frequent use of interactive screens, such as tablets and smartphones, might be harmful to their learning and wellbeing during the pandemic. To mitigate the potential negative effects, it is essential to manage the screen time of preschoolers by establishing rules for their interactive screen use and improving the household routines related to the overall screen use.

The variation of family business branding across stakeholders: a social identity perspective

PurposeFamily business brand communication depends on the effect of the family on stakeholders' perception, and the family influences stakeholders differently, raising the question of whether family business branding varies across stakeholders. Drawing on social identity theory, this research classifies a family firm's stakeholders into family (in-group) and non-family (out-group) stakeholders and explores the communication of family business brands to these two groups of stakeholders.Design/methodology/approachData for this research were gathered from a questionnaire survey of 327 Chinese family firms.FindingsThe results show that family business brand communication differs between family and non-family stakeholders. Additionally, family harmony has a positive relationship with family business branding to family stakeholders and an inverse U-shaped relationship with family business branding to non-family stakeholders.Originality/valueThis research is the first to demonstrate that family business brand communication varies across stakeholders and that the effect of family characteristics (family harmony in this research) on family business branding differs between stakeholders. In addition, it expands the scope of the out-group in family firms to embrace all non-family stakeholders and suggests an intergroup opposition between family and non-family stakeholders, which is important for advancing family firm theory.

Pengaruh Dukungan Mantan Suami, Strategi Koping, dan Relasi Orang Tua-Anak terhadap Kebahagiaan Keluarga Tunggal

Divorce brings various changes that have an impact on family happiness. To create the happiness that can make families have a positive picture of their lives, support, the ability to cope with stress, and the ability of parents and children to have good relationships are needed. The main purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of family characteristics, ex-husband characteristics, ex-husband support, coping strategies, and parent-child relationship on the single parent family happiness. The design of this study was a cross-sectional study. Sampling of the study was conducted using non-probability sampling with voluntary sampling techniques. The study was conducted on single parent families with children in Indonesia who were divorced and whose ex-husband were still alive. The sample for this study was 100 families. The result showed that maternal income has a significant negative impact on coping strategies, ex-husband support has a significant positive impact on parent-child relationships, and maternal income and coping strategies have a significant positive impact on single parent family happiness. Single parent family can emerge from the crisis caused by divorce by increasing efforts to increase income, and maintaining positive communication with the ex-husband is also expected to be able to increase his affection and responsibility even though the children live with their mother.

The Influence of Economic Pressures and Gender Roles to Family Resilience During Covid-19 Pandemic

The existence of Covid-19 has changed the socio-economic life of the community. This study aims to analyze the effect of family characteristics, economic pressure, and gender roles on family resilience during the Covid-19 pandemic. Respondents in this study were wives from intact families with children scattered in Bogor Regency. The design of this research is a cross-sectional study with a sampling technique using purposive sampling method with a total sample of 84 families conducted in March 2021. The data processing uses descriptive tests, correlation test, and multiple linear regression tests. The results of the study found that most of the family's economic pressure and gender roles were in the low category. However, most of the family resilience is in the high category. The results of multiple linear regression analysis show that there is a significant negative effect of economic pressure on family resilience. There is a significant positive effect of gender roles on husband's income.

The assessment of adverse childhood experiences in clinical settings: Practitioner competencies and perceptions.

Issues concerning the screening and assessment of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) in healthcare settings have been subject to growing scrutiny in recent years, yet relatively little is known about practitioner perceptions and competencies related to such practices. This study examined practitioner knowledge, ability and concerns about the assessment of ACEs among parents and children in clinical settings and the acceptability of a newly validated measure (The Adverse Life Experiences Scale, ALES) for this purpose. Participants were (N = 144) healthcare practitioners (predominantly psychologists, nurses, social workers and psychiatrists). Measures were completed online, and the effects of family characteristics on practitioner perceptions were tested experimentally using case vignettes. Participants indicated moderate-to-high levels of knowledge and ability regarding the assessment of ACEs, and the ALES demonstrated high levels of acceptability across hypothetical cases involving various levels of risk. Practitioner concerns about such assessment were also found to be influenced by the level of risk indicated by case referral information. Specifically, concerns that assessment would be too upsetting or time-consuming were greater in response to a case with a high level of ACEs, compared to one with low-to-moderate ACEs (p < .05; large effect size). Practitioners demonstrated relatively high competencies regarding the assessment of ACEs and supported the use of the ALES for this purpose. Those families with the highest levels of ACEs may nonetheless be the least likely to receive such assessment in clinical settings.

가족특성이 초기 청소년의 일생활 균형에 미치는 영향 : 초등학교 5학년과 중학교 2학년의 차이

본 연구는 가족 특성이 초기 청소년의 일생활 균형에 미치는 영향을 연구하였고, 초등학교 5학년과 중학교 2학년의 일생활 균형에 가족특성이 미치는 영향력을 비교하였다. 청소년의 일생활 균형을 기초생활 균형, 방과후 학습시간 균형, 여가시간 균형으로 구분하였고, 상대적 시간부족 개념을 적용하여 각 영역의 일생활 균형을 분석하였다. 본 연구에 사용한 자료는 한국아동·청소년패널조사 2018(KCYPS 2018)의 초등학교 4학년, 중학교 1학년 패널자료의 2차 조사(2019년)이다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 손위형제자매 유무, 부모의 건강상태, 가구소득, 부모의 양육태도, 부모와 대화시간, 어머니의 직종 등 청소년의 가족특성은 청소년의 다양한 생활영역 균형에 영향을 미쳤다. 전반적으로 가족특성은 중학교 2학년보다 초등학교 5학년의 일생활 균형에 유의미한 영향요인들로 더 많이 나타났다. 초기 청소년의 수면시간에 영향을 미치는 가족특성은 부모의 건강상태와 가구소득이었고, 초등학교 5학년의 수면시간에는 어머니의 직종이, 중학교 2학년의 수면시간 에는 부모와의 대화시간이 유의미한 영향요인이었다. 아침식사 결식에 영향을 미치는 가족특성은 가구소득, 부모의 양육태 도, 어머니의 직종이었다. 소득수준이 높은 경우 부모의 거부적인 양육태도 점수가 높을수록 학원과외시간이 3시간 이상인 집단으로 분류될 확률이 높았다. 부모의 양육태도와 어머니의 직종은 초등학교 5학년의 학원과외시간 과다와 관련이 있었다. 독서시간을 분석한 결과 부모의 양육태도가 자율적지지 성향이 높을수록, 어머니가 전업주부인 경우와 비교하여 관리전문직 에 종사하는 경우 독서시간이 부족한 집단으로 분류될 확률이 낮았다. 어머니의 직종은 휴대폰놀이시간과도 관련이 있었는 데, 특히 초등학교 5학년은 전업주부인 어머니와 비교하여 사무직, 판매서비스직, 기계기능직에 종사하는 어머니의 자녀가 휴대폰놀이시간 과다 집단으로 분류될 확률이 높았다. 연구결과를 근거로 초기 청소년의 일생활 균형을 증진하기 위해서 부모의 일가정 양립을 위한 정책이 확대되어야 하며, 청소년의 생활균형을 지지할 수 있는 부모의 양육태도와 건강한 가정환경 조성을 위한 적극적인 가족정책 시행을 제안하였다.

Family Characteristics as Predictors of Youth Livelihood Outcomes in Kenya

The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of family characteristics on youth livelihood outcomes (YLO) in Kenya. A survey was conducted on a random sample of 201 respondents aged between 18 to 35 years who were selected from a list of members of registered self-help youth groups. Data was gathered through a questionnaire and analysed by the se of the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Youth livelihood outcomes occurred along a continuum of three levels, namely: survival, security and growth livelihood levels. Results revealed that 52% of the respondents attained survival livelihood level, 18% attained the security level, and 30% attained the growth level of youth livelihood outcomes. Research findings indicated that family characteristics improved prediction power of youth livelihoods outcomes by 72.1% (R2 = 0.721; Log-Likelihood Ratio (χ2 = 203.18; d.f = 12; p = 0.000). The significant predictors of youth livelihood outcomes were the aggregate family income (β=1.00, p=0.000), paternal education (β = 1.60, p = 0.016), parental support (β = 1.93, p = 0.047), number of dependents (β = 0.02, p = 0.001), and aggregate family assets (β = 1.00, p = 0.019). However, family expenditure (χ2 = 2.37; d.f. = 2; p &gt; 0.05) and maternal education (χ2 = 9.72; d.f. = 3; p &gt; 0.05) had no statistically significant relationship with youth livelihood outcomes. These results implied that that youth from middle-income families, whose fathers had acquired higher levels of education, and whose families had fewer dependents, had accumulated family assets and whose parents supported their livelihood strategies attained higher levels of youth livelihood outcomes compared to their counterparts who were less privileged on similar family characteristics. The outcomes of this study may be used to develop appropriate family and youth-focused interventions to enhance youth livelihood outcomes.

Effect of Family Characteristics on Stunting Events in Toddlers Aged 6-59 Months

Stunting is defined as a chronic condition that is a picture of stunted growth due to lack of nutrition in the long run and or due to other problems. Stunting, especially in infants, can slow down both physical and mental development of children, so special attention is needed. Many factors influence the incidence of stunting, including family characteristics such as family economic status, mother's education, parents 'height and parents' level of knowledge about toddler nutrition. The purpose of this study is to analyze the distribution and determinant of stunting based on family characteristics in toddlers aged 6-59 months. This type of research is quantitative with casecontrol design. The research sample was taken by consecutive sampling. The sample used in this study is the case and control group selected by case and control ratio of 1: 1. The case group consisted of mothers of toddlers aged 6 - 59 months who experienced stunting and the control group consisted of mothers of toddlers aged 6 - 59 months who did not experience stunting (normal). The results showed that maternal age affected stunting, mother's education did not affect stunting, mother's work did not affect stunting, mother's knowledge affected stunting, parental height affected stunting.

The State as the “Ultimate Parent”: The Implications of Family for Racial and Ethnic Disparities in the Juvenile Justice System

Racial and ethnic disparities permeate juvenile justice processing. Research attempting to explain these disparities has superficially considered the role of family measures in the differential treatment of youth of color. In particular, research has given little attention to the role of family supervision, despite its relevance to the mission of the juvenile court. Using attribution theory as a framework and data from three Arizona jurisdictions, we examine the effect of race/ethnicity on probation officers’ attributions of family supervision; the effect of family characteristics, such as financial strain, parental incarceration, and family risk as measured by a risk assessment instrument, in shaping attributions of family supervision; and the effect of race/ethnicity, family characteristics, and attributions of family supervision on recommendations to formally or informally process youth. We find that attributions of family supervision are informed by race/ethnicity and family characteristics and that attributions of family supervision overwhelmingly drive probation officers’ processing recommendations. Suggestions for improving policy and practice are discussed.

Effect of family characteristics on periodontal diseases in children and adolescents-A systematic review.

To synthesize the literature on the influence of family/parents characteristics on periodontal diseases in children and adolescents. An electronic search for relevant literature published between 2007 and 2017 was undertaken in PubMed, Embase, Cinahl and Cochrane databases; the search was updated in April 2018. Two reviewers independently reviewed the abstracts of these; of which, 43 articles were reviewed in full. Of the 746 retrieved titles, 649 remained after removing duplicates. Thirty articles met the inclusion criteria, and 13 were excluded. Also, two were included from the updated search. Data from the reviewed articles indicate that all three indicators of parent's socioeconomic status (income, education and occupation) are significantly associated with periodontal diseases in children. Better periodontal status was observed in children of parents with higher SES than those whose parents were of lower SES. Although the association between parent's smoking practices, level of periodontal diseases and children's periodontal status was explored only in few studies, findings indicate that children exposed to passive smoking and having parents with periodontal diseases are more likely to present with periodontal diseases as well. Most of the studies considered socioeconomic factors and had not attempted to explore the impact of parental psychosocial variables on periodontal diseases in children. The literature indicates that these variables significantly influence health practices, including oral hygiene practices, which could ultimately affect periodontal health. More studies are required to explore the association of these variables with periodontal outcomes in children.

Tugas Perkembangan Keluarga dan Kepuasan Penikahan pada Pasangan Menikah Usia Muda

This study aimed to analyze the effect of characteristics before married, family characteristics, family development task toward marital satisfaction. The study using designs a cross-sectional study and retrospective study. Location of the research was selected purposively in Cibatok Village 2, Ciaruteun Udik Village, Cibatok 1 Village and Cimanggu 2 Village, District Cibungbulang, Bogor. Sample of this research were intact families who marry at the early age (the wife age’s under 19 years old and husband’s age under 25 years old) with max five years length of marriage and first child. Respondents in this study were mothers with sampling technique was purposive sampling with a total of 60 people. Data were collected through interviews with using a questionnaire. Family development task in the medium category, and wife’s marital satisfaction in the low average. The results showed that the effect of family characteristics (long married, the income capita, age of wife) has a significant positive direct effect to family development tasks. Family development tasks has a significant positive direct effect to marital satisfaction. The family characteristics (long married, the income capita, age of wife) has a significant positive indirect effect to marital satisfaction.

베이비부머 세대의 가족 특성이 노후준비수준에 미치는 영향

베이비부머 세대의 가족 특성이 노후준비수준에 미치는 영향

Food waste prevention in Athens, Greece: The effect of family characteristics.

Food waste is a stream that becomes increasingly important in terms of its prevention potential. There is a large number of behaviours that can be associated with food waste generation and the efforts towards food waste prevention. A questionnaire study was carried in order to study consumer behaviour related to food provision and wastage in Greece. Proper practices of the respondents that can prevent the generation of food waste were investigated using nine behavioural scales, which were defined on the basis of similar studies in other countries. A structured questionnaire was utilised in order to test those behaviours against the socio-demographic characteristics of respondents. The results of the study indicate that in terms of inferential statistical analysis, among the numerous variables examined, those that enhance food waste prevention are the involvement of the respondent in cooking, the annoyance towards food waste generation and the education level.

The Effect of Family Characteristics on Higher Education Attendance in India

Family characteristics in terms of parental education and income are an important influence on individual’s participation in higher education. In India it could be found that categorically those who are out of the higher education system belong to marginalized groups due to their economic class, caste, gender, religion etc. despite massive expansion of higher education. With this background, this article seeks to examine the effect of family income and parental education on an individual’s probability of attaining higher education in India. Besides these two variables, an individual’s likelihood of participation in higher education is influenced by social, religious and demographic characteristics for both rural and urban youth in India. Using multivariate logistic regression to analyze data from National Sample Survey (NSS) 68th Round (unit level records), the article examines how an individual’s participation in higher education is governed by his/her economic and social background and also by gender-related aspects. The results reveal that parental education and family income exert a direct effect on an individual’s propensity to participate in higher education. In terms of social and religious group, this youth belonging to Scheduled Tribe and Scheduled Caste have significantly lower odds of going to higher education compared to general category for the whole of India. Females are less likely to participate in higher education in rural area, while Hindu females in rural area are less probable to participate in higher education. Hence, this article seeks to contribute, from an economic perspective, to the growing number of empirical studies that have investigated the background factors that influence higher education participation.

The effect of family characteristics on food consumption behavior

The effect of family characteristics on food consumption behavior

Effects of Family Characteristics and Life-Styles on Children's Emotional Problems: The Second Grade Elementary Students

The purpose of this study is to investigate children's emotional problems (attention problem, aggression, somatic symptom, social withdrawal, depression) and to examine the relationship between children's emotional problems with family characteristics (parent education, parent job, family income), life-styles (gaming times, TV times, sleep time). The sample was 2,140 collections of second grade children and their parents who participated in Korea Youth Panel Survey on 2011. We analyzed the data which were collected by means of questionnaires and the data were analyzed with t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation analysis, and regression analysis with SPSS ver. 19.0. The results were summarized as follows. The level of children’s emotional problem was relatively low on average. There is a significant difference in the children's emotional problems according to family characteristics and life-styles. There was a relationship between children's emotional problems (attention problem, aggression, somatic symptom, social withdrawal, depression) and life-styles (gaming times, TV times). The significant factors influencing the children's emotional problems are connected with father's education, mother's job, family income, family characteristics, gaming time and TV time of life style. It is noted that parent education level was an important factor for children's attention problem and aggression. Amongst children's life-styles, gaming time and TV time are negative factors for social withdrawal and depression. Keywords: emotional problem, family characteristic, life-style, the second grade elementary student

A multilevel analysis on the determinants of household tourism expenditure

Previous studies on household tourism expenditure determinants focused mainly on the effects of family characteristics on tourism spending behaviour. However, possible influence of regional characteristics on tourism expenditure and hierarchical data structure in their analyses were overlooked. This study is the first to apply a multilevel analysis to investigate the determinants of household tourism expenditure. The analytical results indicate that household head age, household income, car ownership and Internet usage positively influence tourism expenditures. Home loan and health and insurance expenditures negatively impact tourism expenditures. Regional factors, such as average household income and industry structure, have direct and moderating effects on tourism expenditure.

The Effect of Sex Knowledge, Parent–Child Attachment, and Family Characteristics on Intimate Relationship Satisfaction of Mozambican Students

The purpose of this study is to determine the effects that sex knowledge, parent–child attachment, and family characteristics have on intimate relationship satisfaction (consisting of the degree of independence, intimacy, romantic attitude and behaviours, assertive conflict resolution/communication, liberated beliefs of sexual roles and equality of decision-making) of a sample of 412 young Mozambican college students. Participants completed the Portuguese Version of Parenting Bonding Instrument, the Portuguese Version of Stevens’ Relationship Questionnaire, and a Sexual Knowledge Questionnaire. A descriptive correlational analysis was conducted to investigate the association between sex knowledge, parent–child attachment, and intimate relationship satisfaction. ANOVA was conducted to investigate the effects of family characteristics on intimate relationship satisfaction. A t test analysis was also carried out to determine gender differences with regard to relationship satisfaction. The results indicated a significant correlation between sex knowledge and intimate relationship satisfaction among Mozambican students: exposure to sex knowledge correlated positively with liberated ideas about sexual roles and equality of decision-making. Parent–child attachment is also associated with later intimate relationship satisfaction: There is a significant positive relationship between mother care and assertive conflict resolution and communication, whereas there is a significant negative relationship between mother and father overprotection as well as independence and intimacy, respectively. The results show that there is a statistically significant difference between each parent’s family characteristics and their effect on independence, intimacy, and assertive conflict resolution as categories of relationship satisfaction. Participants who grew up with married parents tend to dislike independence, enjoy more intimacy, and endorse more assertive conflict resolution attitudes. Participants who grew up with single parents tend to be more independent, endorse less assertive conflict resolution attitudes, and tend to enjoy intimacy less than those who grew up with married and divorced–remarried parents. It seems that the family characteristics of children who grow up do not have a significant effect on adults’ intimate relationship satisfaction concerning romantic attitudes and also liberated, egalitarian beliefs regarding male and female roles. Finally, there is no significant support for an association between relationship satisfaction and gender.