Effect Of External Environment Research Articles

Effect of External Project Environment on the Success of Construction of Les Hirondelles Nursery and Primary School Buildings Projets in Kigali City, Rwanda By IJISRT

The study “Effect of external project environment on the success of Construction of les Hirondelles nursery and primary school buildings projects in Kigali City” is directed by the following precise objectives: to determine the effect of economic environment, to analyse the effect of political environment, to examine the effect of physical environment and to find out the effect of technological environment on the success of construction of les Hirondelles nursery and primary school buildings projects in Kigali City. Both descriptive and inferential research designs were employed in the study. There were 86 employees in the study's sample. A questionnaire was utilized to gather data, and the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was employed to assist with the usage of descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and multiple linear regressions as data analysis techniques. The results indicate that effective economic environment has positive significant effect on the projects as evidenced by B= 0.468, p-value=0.000<0.05. The findings revealed that political environment affect the projects negatively as evidenced by B= -0.167, p- value=0.000<0.05. The findings showed a positive significant effect of physical environment on the projects as evidenced by B=0.504, p-value=0.000<0.05 and the study showed a positive significant effect of technological environment on the projects as evidenced by B=0.362, p- value equals to 0.000<0.05. The study’s conclusion was that physical environment had the greatest positive effect on success of the projects followed by economic environment and then technological environment having the least effect on success of the projects. However political environment had a negative effect on success of the projects.

Nonmarket strategy and innovation performance in pharmaceutical industry: the moderating effect of internal capability and external IT environment

Purpose The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between nonmarket strategy and innovation performance, as well as the boundary factors that influence this relationship in the context of the pharmaceutical industry in emerging markets. Design/methodology/approach This study analyzed matched data of 227 Chinese pharmaceutical firms and two secondary databases with SPSS to examine the hypotheses. Findings Nonmarket strategy promotes the innovation performance. High level of firm internal knowledge utilization ability and strategic flexibility strengthens the effect of nonmarket strategy in promoting innovation performance, while information technology (IT) environment weakens the effect of nonmarket strategy in promoting innovation performance. Originality/value The research studies the positive impact of nonmarket strategy on innovation performance in the specific context of Chinese pharmaceutical industry, and it introduces the internal capabilities and external IT environment of the firm as moderators of the relationship between nonmarket strategy and innovation performance. More importantly, this research echoes the call for research on moderator of nonmarket strategy and identifies important boundary conditions. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, it also explores the impact of the IT environment on the implementation of nonmarket strategy for the first time, which deepens the research on nonmarket strategy’s effect on innovation.

Changes in death fear during COVID-19 in Hubei, China: The effects of life-history and current external environment.

Changes in death fear during COVID-19 in Hubei, China: The effects of life-history and current external environment.

Performance degradation of steel rebar considering corrosion spatial variability in concrete

The corrosion of steel bars is the main issue affecting the durability of reinforced concrete structures, which is nonuniform owing to the material properties and external environmental effects. In this study, the performance degradation of steel rebars in concrete is estimated considering corrosion spatial variability. With the aid of a three-dimensional measurement technique, a finite element model based on the scanning result was established to examine the corrosion effect on the tensile behaviour of the corroded bars, which was validated with the experimental results and digital image correlation observation. To assess the deformation behaviour of the corroded steels, a semi-analytical model was developed based on the cross-sectional area distribution and material properties. Subsequently, the spatial weight loss distributions with different degrees of corrosion were generated using a random field model. The model parameters were determined by combining engineering judgement and estimation of the experimental results. Finally, probabilistic model of degraded performance was established using the deterministic assessment and simulated steel weight loss distribution.

Can business managerial capacity improve green innovation in different industries? Evidence from Chinese listed companies

AbstractAs the backbone of the national innovation system, enterprises are the key drivers of economic development and environmental sustainability. However, at the microlevel, research in this area is lacking, as attention is paid on the comprehensive capabilities of top managers, industrial heterogeneity, and heterogeneous green innovation (GI), including inventive innovation and utility innovation. Based on Upper Echelons Theory, this paper constructs a research framework to explore and empirically analyze the specific impact of managerial capacity (MA) of top managers, as “gatekeepers” of enterprise decision‐making, on the heterogeneous enterprise GI, as well as its potential mechanism. Our results shows that (1), overall, MA can significantly promote GI of enterprises. Interestingly, compared with green strategic innovation, managerial capacity has a greater effect on green inventive innovation; (2) based on industrial heterogeneity, in heavy‐polluting industries, managerial capacity is more likely to promote green strategic innovation rather than green inventive innovation; (3) further analysis shows that enterprise value, internal control quality, and financing constraints are important mechanisms; and (4) the moderating effect of external environment shows that to some extent either the regional marketization level or management capabilities can drive GI. This paper has practical implications for policymakers and corporate managers adopting the management heterogeneity perspective and suggests areas for future studies in this field to promote green low‐carbon transition.

Thermal Performance Analysis of a Mounded Liquid Ethylene Storage Tank

AbstractA model including the tank body and the external environment is developed to investigate the temperature field of a mounded liquid ethylene storage tank system during long‐term placement. Since the external environment always changes, it is introduced by writing user‐defined functions (UDFs). The effects of external environment and structural parameters on the temperature field are analyzed to provide reference for the design of the heat tracing devices of the storage tank system. The results indicate that the increase of tank quantities substantially reduces the outer‐surface temperature of the cold insulation structure. The increase in tank spacing and thickness of the cold insulation structure weakens the interaction of adjacent tanks and raises the outer‐surface temperature of the cold insulation structure.

Effects of external environment on promoter methylation of PIK3R5 and related pathway regulation in steroid-induced femoral head necrosis

BackgroundSteroid-induced Avascular Necrosis of the Femoral Head (SANFH) is a condition characterized by the necrosis of the femoral head caused by long-term or high-dose hormone usage. Studies have shown that the PI3K/AKT pathway plays a crucial regulatory role in the development of SANFH. The aim of this study is to determine how external environmental factors induce changes in endogenous hormone levels, how these changes lead to steroid-induced femoral head necrosis, and the interrelationship between the changes in PIK3R5 promoter methylation levels and the regulation of the associated signaling pathways. MethodsFemoral head samples underwent molecular sequencing analysis. Candidate genes were screened by differential gene analysis and functional enrichment analysis.Methylation level of candidate gene PIK3R5 was verified by methylation-specific PCR(MS-PCR). SANFH model was constructed in New Zealand white rabbits, and the model results were verified by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and haematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining.The expression of PIK3R5, PI3K and AKT in rabbit models and human specimens was verified by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR) and Western Blot(WB), respectively. ResultsHuman femoral head sequencing results indicate distinct differences in the methylation level and mRNA expression of PIK3R5 in SANFH. MS-PCR results showed the methylation level of SANFH patients was significantly higher than that of the control group (P < 0.01). The RT-qPCR results showed that PIK3R5 and PI3K expression levels in the SANFH group were lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05), and the WB experiment results were consistent with the RT-qPCR results. The MRI and HE staining results showed that the rabbit model of SANFH was successfully constructed, and the results of RT-qPCR and WB were consistent with the results of human tissues. ConclusionDuring the occurrence and development of SANFH, PIK3R5 gene regulates the PI3K/AKT pathway through methylation modification, promotes the oxidative stress response of cells, and accelerates the disease process.

Vegetation growth promotion and overall strength improvement using biopolymers in vegetated soils

Planting vegetation is a sustainable and eco-friendly method for shallow slope stabilization. However, in water-limited regions, this method is facing challenges such as retarded vegetation growth, which leads to unprotected soils. Biopolymers, with potentials in both vegetation growth promotion and soil strength enhancement, are therefore tested in this study with regard to their possibility in assisting soil reinforcement with vegetation through vegetation cultivation and direct shear tests. Both sugar-based and protein-based biopolymers improved water availability to growing plants and nutrient uptake. The most suitable polysaccharide xanthan gum was adopted to further explore the effects of treatment conditions (i.e., blending content) and external environment (i.e., precipitation) on the vegetated soil performance. Under a variety of water supplies, xanthan gum with a medium blending content of 0.5% (i.e., with respect to dry soil mass) led to the most substantial improvement in the ability to resist shear loading. This indicates that the appropriate dosage of biopolymers used at the initial stage of plant growth should provide moderate bond strength between soil particles, while not impeding root penetration. Supported by the obtained results, biopolymers are suggested to be used in combination with plants for soil reinforcement for the best efficiency.

Local model dynamics for two qubits

The density matrix model described in an earlier paper “Model Dynamics for Quantum Computing” is applied to the case of two qubits. The earlier paper provided a density matrix dynamics with unitary time-dependent gates including qubit energy splitting, entropy constraints, external bath and noise effects. The Lindblad formulation as extended by Beretta was adopted in designing this model. Visualization was provided by examining the time-evolution of the polarization vector. In this paper, the same ideas are applied to two-qubit systems, where there are now 15 time-dependent observables; namely, six polarization vectors (P→A,P→B), and nine spin-correlations (T↔). These time-dependent observables provide ready visualization of two qubit dynamics. Special emphasis is placed on the CNOT gate, which is implemented following recent outstanding developments in using silicon-based dots. By invoking a different splitting for each qubit, plus a spin–spin interaction and a carefully designed Rabi oscillation, a CNOT gate is generated. Careful analysis of the time-dependence of these aspects provides insight into CNOT dynamics. The model can be used to ascertain the sensitivity and efficacy of such a CNOT gate when subject to external environmental effects such as noise disturbances, and noise compensation, using the single-system formulation of steepest-entropy-ascent (SEA) non-equilibrium quantum thermodynamics, suitable to model controlled-gate implementations as long as the two qubits remain localized and effectively behave as a single physical four-level system. The role of careful timing in constructing an efficient CNOT gate is illustrated. The formation of Bell states and the evolution of entanglement including noise, bath and entropy considerations are examined. Extensions to the two-qubit swap, and to the three-qubit Toffoli gate dynamics are outlined. It is also shown that a simple Lindblad form can be used to introduce weak and distinct qubit noise pulses. A simple scheme for noise compensation is designed to increase purity and decrease entropy, without invocation of quantum correction methodology. It is based on using the preexisting entanglement of the environment with the quantum system and carefully designed non-Hermitian Lindblad pulses.

The causes of internal habit formation among Chinese urban residents: a multi-layer model perspective

Economic growth faces serious challenges due to the COVID-19 pandemic. To promote swift economic recovery, the focus has turned to consumption’s role as a driver of economic growth. To explore the influence of external social environment variables on internal habits, this study improves Naik and Moore’s consumption model and constructs a multi-layer statistical model with habit-forming effects. The study shows, first, that internal habit effects are significantly present in all types of the population’s consumption expenditures, and there are significant cross-regional differences. Second, we find significant moderating effects of inclusive digital finance, education levels, income disparities, and regional economic differences on internal habit formation. Furthermore, the internal habit effect is more influenced by inclusive digital finance and income disparity and less by education and regional economic disparity. Finally, the study proposes policy recommendations for building an inclusive digital financial services infrastructure, improving access to education, reducing income disparities, and balancing regional development. To a certain extent, this study reveals the intrinsic link between the external consumption environment and internal habit effects, providing a new perspective for the government’s use in formulating consumption policies that promote economic growth.

Entrepreneurial Innovation Strategies and Performance of Dairy Micro and Small Enterprises in Nyeri County, Kenya

Micro and small enterprises (MSEs) have failed to achieve set objectives of generating sustainable growth and employment. The growth and survival rate of micro and small-sized enterprises (MSEs) in Kenya has been one of the major concerns of the policy makers, practitioners and scholars. The high failure rate among small and medium enterprises businesses in Kenya has created an urgent need to identify strategies that will improve their levels of performance. The strategy and entrepreneurship literature suggests that an entrepreneurial competitive strategy improves firm performance, but empirical results are mixed. This study investigated how entrepreneurial competitive strategies: innovativeness, risk-taking and competitive aggressiveness), affect performance of MSEs in Kenya. In doing so, the study examined the moderating effect of external environment on these relationships. The objectives of the study was to determine: the influence of innovativeness, risk taking propensity, competitive aggressiveness, moderating influence of external environment on performance of micro and small enterprises of Dairy MSEs in Nyeri County. The study used a descriptive survey design. The study was anchored on Resource Based Theory, Diffusion Innovation Theory and Entrepreneurship Theories. The target population will be all the managers/Owners in the 146 Dairy MSEs in Nyeri, County Kenya. The study adopted two sampling designs namely stratified and simple random sampling design. The sample size will comprise of 146 respondents. The study used questionnaires to collect primary data. Pilot test was done to three respondents in three Dairy MSEs to refine the research instruments. Content validity was determined by experts. The reliability of the instrument was tested using Cronbach's Alpha coefficient. A Cronbach's coefficient alpha of .80 or higher was adequate in this study to allow the instrument for data collection. Data analysis was carried out using descriptive statistics. To establish the overall relationship between the independent and dependent variables in the conceptual framework. The study identified and recommended the factors that influence entrepreneurial innovation strategies on performance of dairy micro and small enterprises in Nyeri County, Kenya. These were replicated in areas with similar agro ecological zones facing similar challenges. The study found that entrepreneurship product innovation, process innovation and market innovation had a positive and significant influence on the performance of dairy micro and small enterprises in Nyeri County, Kenya. The study concluded that product innovations helps in developing improved versions of existing products in a market, enhancing the functionality or desire for an item by taking consumer feedback to make improvements or discovering additional features and technology to add. Innovative processes typically describe changes to how a company manufactures a product or performs a transaction, so it can yield better results and profits. The concept of marketing innovation identifies a framework for strategies to make important changes in a product/service, function, price, etc. to achieve higher business objectives such as attracting customers, enhancing image and gaining competitive advantages. The study recommended that the organization should determine its objectives first by being clear with their product goals. Understand its market at all times including its customers and competitors so as to understand what else is going on within its market segment. The organization should adopt new technology to increase efficiency and effectiveness such as automation tools that automates the manual tasks in a given process. The organizations can go for rebranding to match their marketing content to a new product or process the company is selling or using. Retain existing customers to help when selling innovative products.

Proportional stochastic generalized Lotka–Volterra model with an application to learning microbial community structures

Inferring microbial community structure based on temporal metagenomics data is an important goal in microbiome studies. The deterministic generalized Lotka–Volterra (GLV) differential equations have been commonly used to model the dynamics of microbial taxa. However, these approaches fail to take random environmental fluctuations into account and usually ignore the compositional nature of relative abundance data, which may deteriorate the estimates. In this article, we consider the microbial dynamics in terms of relative abundances by introducing a reference taxon, and propose a new proportional stochastic GLV (pSGLV) differential equation model, where the random perturbations of Brownian motion in this model can naturally account for the external environmental effects on the microbial community. We establish conditions and show some mathematical properties of the solutions including general existence and uniqueness, stochastic ultimate boundedness, stochastic permanence, the existence of stationary distribution, and ergodicity property. We further develop approximate maximum likelihood estimators (AMLEs) based on discrete observations and systematically investigate the consistency and asymptotic normality of the proposed estimators. At last, numerical simulations support our theoretical findings and our method is demonstrated through an application to the well-known “moving picture” temporal microbial dataset.

Bronchiectasis exacerbation: a narrative review of causes, risk factors, management and prevention.

Bronchiectasis exacerbations are significant events in the natural course of the disease and determine long-term clinical outcomes. This review aims to discuss the definition, causes, risk factors, management and prevention of bronchiectasis exacerbations. The PubMed database was searched for relevant articles published in English between January 1990 and March 2022 using keywords "bronchiectasis" and "exacerbation". Causes of bronchiectasis exacerbation are multifactorial; it can be associated with bacterial and viral pathogens, host inflammatory responses, and external environmental effects. In addition, recent advances in bronchiectasis research highlight the phenotype of patients who are more prone to exacerbations, including those with chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection, worse symptoms, greater lung inflammation and comorbid airway diseases. Once bronchiectasis exacerbations occur, antibiotics are the mainstay treatment. Preventing exacerbations is of paramount importance because frequent exacerbations are linked to a detrimental disease course and higher mortality. To prevent frequent exacerbations, clinicians should attempt to understand the risk factors for exacerbation that are amenable to therapeutic intervention: so called "treatable traits". Treatments are personalised but include improving mucociliary clearance by physiotherapy and mucoactive therapy, reducing airway infection by inhaled antibiotics, and inflammation by long-term macrolide or in specific subpopulations, inhaled corticosteroids (ICS). Novel approaches to prevent exacerbations including direct anti-inflammatory therapies are in development for bronchiectasis. Future research is needed to better manage and prevent exacerbations in patients with bronchiectasis, although recent studies have characterised frequent exacerbator phenotype and enhanced our understanding of various aspects of exacerbations.

Shared Autonomous Vehicles Adoption: Combined Effects of External Environment and Personal Attributes

Shared Autonomous Vehicles Adoption: Combined Effects of External Environment and Personal Attributes

청각 소음이 읽기 수행에 미치는 영향

Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of auditory noise on the reading performance of high school students. Methods To this end, 171 high school students were divided into three groups according to auditory noise conditions to perform a reading task asking for word, factual, inferential, and critical comprehension. The effect of auditory noise on reading performance was analyzed through the effect size between groups. Also, the difference in reading performance according to gender and grade was analyzed through the effect size. Results First, the average score of the reading task was the lowest in the group that heard construction noise, and the highest in the group that listened to popular songs, but the effect size between the groups without noise in both groups was small. Second, female students had a greater positive effect on reading task when they listened to popular songs than male students. Third, in the case of 1st and 2nd graders, regardless of the noise source, higher average scores were obtained when performing the reading task in an environment in which auditory noise was heard than when performing it in a quiet environment. On the other hand, in the case of 3rd graders, unpleasant noise had a negative effect on reading task, which was found to have a medium effect size. In addition, the positive influence of popular songs was smaller in the 3rd grade compared to the 1st and 2nd graders. Conclusions It is necessary to investigate the effect of the reader's external environment, such as auditory noise, on reading in more detail, and to explore clues to establish a physical environment in which the reader can fully demonstrate reader's reading ability.

Effect of External Light Environment and Growing Degree Days on Strawberry Production

본 연구에서는 ‘설향’ 딸기를 두 작기(2020－2021년, 2021－2022년)에 걸쳐 재배하면서 외부 광환경과 생육도일온도가 작물 생산량에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 2년 동안 온실 내 환경 관리, 양액 관리 등은 동일하게 하였다. 재배기간 중 주간의 온실 온습도는 두 작기에서 유사하게 관리되었고, 야간의 온습도는 통계적으로 차이가 있었으나 작물 생육 범위를 벗어나지 않았다. 일사량은 9월과 10월에 첫 번째 작기의 일평균 일사량이 많아 누적일사량도 많았으며, 11월부터는 2월까지는 두 번째 작기의 일사량, 3월에는 다시 첫 번째 작기의 일사량이 많은 것으로 나타나 1월부터의 누적일사량은 두 번째 작기에서 많은 것으로 나타났다. 딸기의 최적 일장 조건인 8시간 이상의 일장이 나타난 일은 두 작기 간 큰 차이가 없었고, 변화 양상은 누적일사량의 변화와 유사하게 나타났다. 누적일사량과 생육도일온도는 상관관계가 커 생육도일온도가 딸기의 생산량과 당도에 미치는 영향을 조사해 본 결과의 초기의 누적일사량과 생육도일온도가 적었던 두 번째 작기에서 초기 수확량은 적었으나 누적일사량 및 생육도일온도가 증가함에 따라 후기에 수확량이 첫 번째 작기보다 많았으며 잠재적 최대 생산량도 큰 것으로 나타났다. 당도는 생육도일온도가 증가함에 따라 감소하였으며, 이는 촉성딸기의 특성으로 판단된다. 추후 연구를 통해 단순 수확량뿐만 아니라 작물 생육, 꽃눈분화 및 출뢰시기를 조사, 분석하여 생육도일온도가 작물 생육에 미치는 영향을 다각도로 분석하는 연구도 필요하다고 판단된다.

Pengaruh Karakteristik Wirausaha, Lingkungan Eksternal, Kecanggihan Teknologi dan Strategi Bertahan Terhadap Keberlangsungan UMKM di Kecamatan Gerung, Kabupaten Lombok Barat Selama Pandemi Covid-19

This study aims to determine the effect of entrepreneurial characteristics, external environment, technological sophistication and survival strategies on the sustainability of MSMEs in Gerung District, West Lombok Regency during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study takes a quantitative approach to associative research. This research relies on original data. All MSMEs in Gerung District, West Lombok Regency, were included in this study. Purposive sampling was employed using a sample of 59 SMEs in this study. Using Partial Least Square (PLS) version 3.0, investigate the impact of entrepreneurial traits, external environment, technological sophistication, and survival strategies on the sustainability of MSMEs. The findings reveal that entrepreneurial traits and technological sophistication have no bearing on MSMEs' long-term viability, however the environment and survival tactics have a favorable and significant impact. Expanding the population and increasing the number of samples, upgrading instruments, and adding pertinent independent variables such as entrepreneurial spirit and risk calculation abilities are all proposals for future research. The implications of this research are expected to be additional information for MSME actors and interests in the business world first during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Environment-related underlying dynamics of project adaptability: a case study of sponge-city PPPs in China

ABSTRACT To enhance resilience for adapting to recent severe issues such as flooding and water shortage, Sponge City (SPC) is being delivered by using Public–Private Partnerships (PPPs) across China. Considering a sustainable implementation, an understanding of and effective management for the environment-related underlying dynamics of the adaptability of SPC PPPs are prerequisite. Therefore, we examined a conceptual model integrated with four external environment dimensions, which is useful for identifying externally environmental effects on the project’s adaptability. By utilizing the structural equation modeling techniques, the hypothesized relationships illustrated in the conceptual model were tested and verified. Empirical evidence indicates that the Political Environment has the highest impact followed by the Social, Economic and Natural Environments. Implications generated from the SEM are then discussed for future improvements. This study provides governments with an insight into assessing external environment effects that are significant for (1) improving the adaptability of their projects and then (2) enabling sustainability for infrastructures.

Substantiation of principles of management of economic stability of agricultural enterprises

The article considers the components of managing the economic sustainability of agricultural enterprises as an open system that is able to withstand the factors of the environment of its operation. It is argued that the resilience of economic entities should be considered as the ability of the production system under the influence of negative factors to return to normal and resist threats from their own and / or borrowed resources. It is established that the economic stability of the enterprise is a complex characteristic that characterizes the impact on the business entity of various external factors and internal changes, providing it with adaptability, flexibility, competitiveness, dynamism, efciency. It is substantiated that the economic stability of an agricultural enterprise is defned as a characteristic of maintaining its integrity and equilibrium functioning, in which economic and managerial decisions are able to regulate the main factors of steady state. It is proposed to consider the management of economic sustainability of agricultural enterprises as a system of management measures and actions aimed at anticipating the manifestation of crisis phenomena in economic activity and their detection at early stages, as a result it will be possible to maintain sustainable and creating new competitive advantages. It is argued that management decisions to restore or strengthen the economic stability of the enterprise should be based on the principles of adaptability, synergy, self-organization, advanced management, rapid response and rationality. Exogenous and endogenous factors that cause loss of economic stability of agricultural enterprises are systematized. It is proved that the economic stability of the enterprise can be restored only on the basis of the effectiveness of the management system of sound anti-crisis strategies that take into account the effects of external and internal environment. Measures, principles, tools and methods that form the mechanism of sustainable development management of the business entity are identifed. Key words: economic stability, balanced development, agricultural enterprises, management system, management process.

Relationship between External Environment, Internal Conditions, and Digital Transformation from the Perspective of Synergetics

As the digital technologies develop, traditional pharmaceutical enterprises have also begun the exploration of digital transformation (DT). Previous studies mainly focused on the technology application, strategy, performance, and leadership of digital in manufacturing enterprises and small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), and more qualitative methods were used. However, few researchers systematically investigated the impact mechanism of pharmaceutical enterprises’ DT. The purpose of this study is to analyze the influencing factors of Chinese pharmaceutical enterprises’ DT by constructing the structural equation model (SEM) based on synergetics. This study shows that the influencing factors of pharmaceutical enterprises’ DT include the external environment (customer needs, market competition, government policy, and digital technology) and internal conditions (digital strategy, leadership, and organization capability). The theoretical innovation of this study is to explore the synergistic effect of external environment and internal conditions on DT and put forward that the internal conditions play mediating role in the external environment and DT. Customer needs and digital strategies have great impacts on pharmaceutical enterprises’ DT. Therefore, this study finds the main influencing factors, which are helpful in promoting pharmaceutical enterprises’ DT.