Effects Of Exercise Program Research Articles

Effects of a 12-Week Mixed-Method Physical Exercise Program on Physical Fitness, Stress, Anxiety, and Quality of Life in Adolescents with Cerebral Palsy: A Case Series Study.

Although the health benefits related to physical exercise for adolescents with cerebral palsy (CP) have been recognized, studies indicate that individuals with CP at school age are less involved in physical activities than their typical peers and are twice as likely to engage in sedentary behaviors. Therefore, our study aims to investigate the effects of a physical exercise program on physical fitness, stress, anxiety, and quality-of-life variables. A total of 15 teenagers with ambulatory CP (n = 8 boys, n = 7 girls, between 12 and 18 years old; M = 14.35; SD = 1.76) completed a 12-week program based on a mixed-method approach with face-to-face and live online activities. The outcome measures were physical fitness, stress, anxiety, and quality of life. The 12-week exercise program resulted in gains in muscular strength, flexibility, and aerobic endurance tests, characterized by an increase in average walking speed and average VO2 max. There was also a significant change in the perception of emotional states of depression, anxiety, and stress reported by the participants. The program proved to be effective in physical fitness tests and perception of emotional states. Given the positive effects produced by the program, its design appears to meet the demands of adolescents with cerebral palsy.

A Hybrid Rehabilitation Program for Adults with Peripheral Artery Disease (HY-PAD): A Pre-Post Intervention Study to Assess Its Feasibility

BackgroundSupervised exercise programs improve walking impairment and quality of life (QoL) in patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD). However, such programs are underutilized, due to their limited accessibility. A feasible and effective exercise program is needed. This study assessed the feasibility of a hybrid onsite and home-based exercise program (HY-PAD) and changes in walking capacity and PAD-specific QoL following HY-PAD. MethodsDue to recruitment challenges imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic, this randomized controlled trial was modified to a pre–post intervention design that excluded the control group. Eligible patients with PAD were assigned to HY-PAD, consisting of 1-hour, supervised onsite exercise sessions 3 days per week for 4 weeks, followed by a home-based program with weekly 15-minute telephone calls to discuss exercise planning for 8 weeks. Feasibility was determined based on recruitment, adherence, and adverse events. Walking capacity was measured by a 6-minute walk test. PAD-specific QoL was assessed using the Walking Impairment Questionnaire. ResultsOf 24 patients enrolled (3 women, aged 70 ± 8 years), 21 (87.5%) completed HY-PAD. Twenty participants attended ≥ 87.5% of prescribed sessions. Two participants experienced adverse events (foot injury and limb ischemia). The 6-minute walk test distance (357 ± 105 vs 413 ± 53 meters, P = 0.021), and 2 domains of the questionnaires (walking speed: 38.4 ± 24.1 vs 60.6 ± 26.6 points and stair-climbing: 60.6 ± 29.4 vs 74.0 ± 23.1 points, both P < 0.001) increased significantly. ConclusionsHigh attendance and low dropout rates support the feasibility of using HY-PAD, which was associated with improved walking capacity and PAD-specific QoL. Future studies are warranted to confirm its efficacy.

Exercise for fall prevention in older adults

Background: Global population aging has significantly increased fall-related incidents among older adults, which is associated with major health risks and challenges for healthcare systems. Falls are a leading cause of injury, disability, and mortality in South Korea, which has shown rapid expansion of the elderly population. Development of effective fall-prevention strategies, including exercise-based interventions is important to address this issue.Current Concepts: Exercise-based fall prevention programs include several key types such as strength and functional movement training and balance exercises. Strength training includes resistance exercises and weightbearing activities to enhance muscle strength, which is essential for stability and fall prevention. Balance exercises improve stability and coordination, including standing on one leg and heel-to-toe walking. Functional movement training includes exercises that simulate daily activities and help individuals to improve their ability to safely perform routine tasks. Programs such as the Otago Exercise Program integrate these elements and offer a comprehensive approach to fall prevention. Such regimens combined with training in safe falling techniques are important to reduce fall risk and improve outcomes. Assessment tools, including the timed up-and-go and senior fitness tests, are useful to identify at-risk individuals and tailor interventions accordingly.Discussion and Conclusion: An effective fall prevention exercise program requires a multifaceted approach that combines various exercise types and focuses on improving muscle strength, balance, flexibility, and functional skills, as well as safe falling and floor recovery techniques. Tailoring these interventions to individual needs and regular risk assessments can enhance their usefulness.

The effects of physical exercise on fitness and emotion in Chinese preschoolers

BackgroundThe global prevalence of overweight and obesity in children under the age of five has emerged as a significant issue in recent years. Physical activity and fitness among children and adolescents have declined globally in the past few decades. Studies have indicated a link between levels of physical activity and cognitive performance in preschool children.MethodsThis quasi-experimental study investigated the effects of three different types of physical education programmes on the physical fitness and emotional competence of 239 preschoolers(mean age = 5.49 ± 0.60 years, 54.4% boys)in Haikou, China. The preschoolers were grouped based on which programme they were assigned to: the “Hello Sunshine” ball skills programme (HS group), ordinary physical education (OPE group), and free play (FP group). The “Hello Sunshine” ball skills programme used both a structured curriculum design and autonomous activity selection during outdoor time., which were conducive to children’s physical fitness.The National Physical Fitness Measurement Standards Manual and the shortened version of the Social Competence and Behavior Evaluation Scale (SCBE-30) were used to assess physical fitness and emotional competence, respectively. These assessments were conducted both before and after the ten-week intervention period. The analysis utilised a mixed-effects model for physical fitness and a mixed-model ANOVA for the SCBE data.ResultsThe HS group and OPE group demonstrated significantly improvement in the standing long jump, 10-m shuttle run and balance beam walking than the FP group; meanwhile, only anxious-withdrawal levels showed a significant grouping effect and group-by-time interaction effect. After the intervention, both the HS group and the FP group showed significantly lower scores for anxiety compared to the OPE group, with no significant difference observed between the HS and FP groups.ConclusionsThe results suggested that structured ball skills programmes may promote physical fitness and reduce anxiety. The integration of effective physical exercise programmes into preschool curricula holds the potential for promoting holistic development.

EFisioTrack System for Monitoring Therapeutic Exercises in Patients with Shoulder Orthopedic Injuries in a Hospital Setting: A Pilot Feasibility Study.

To assess the effects of the eFisioTrack monitoring system on clinical variables in patients with prescribed physiotherapy for shoulder injuries, twenty-four adult patients with shoulder orthopaedic injuries who underwent physical therapy treatment in a hospital setting participated in the study (twelve in the experimental group and twelve as controls). Clinical outcome measures were shoulder function and pain (Constant-Murley Score and Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand or DASH score). Each variable was measured by a blinded physiotherapist at baseline and at one month follow-up. Patients performed the prescribed exercises either supervised by the physiotherapist (control group) or in a separate room without therapist supervision (experimental group). There were no statistically significant differences between groups before treatment or at follow-up for any outcomes (p ≥ 0.05). There was a statistically significant decrease (p ≤ 0.05) of at least 10 points in both groups for the DASH score at follow-up. Differences in the total score and subjective components of the Constant-Murley were also evidenced within groups. The use of the eFisioTrack system showed similar results in clinical measures compared to those performed under the direct supervision of the physiotherapist. This approach might be suitable for providing an effective shoulder exercise program at home.

Types of physical exercise based on the side effects of each oncological patient

Cancer treatments like surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and target therapies can have various side effects on patients, affecting their health and quality of life. Exercise has been shown to be effective in reducing these side effects by regulating hormone levels, improving immune function, and reducing inflammation. The American College of Sports Medicine recommends a specific exercise regimen for cancer patients, including cardiovascular exercise and strength training. It is important to tailor exercise programs to each patient's needs and adapt the intensity based on their condition and disease stage. Understanding the physiological effects of cancer treatments is crucial for developing effective exercise programs that benefit patients. Motivating patients to stay active and adhere to exercise routines long term is also essential for their overall well-being.

Effect of deep squat intervention in patients with chronic respiratory diseases

Abstract Background: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a structured, tailor-made 12-week deep squat intervention on lower extremity muscle strength, cardiorespiratory functional capacity, and health-related quality of life in patients with chronic respiratory dysfunction. Materials and Methods: Thirty patients aged 18–65 years were randomly assigned to a deep squat intervention group (n = 15) or a walking program group (n = 15). Assessments conducted before and after the 12-week intervention included lower extremity muscle strength, pulmonary function, cardiorespiratory endurance, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). These were measured using trunk-leg dynamometry, the chair-stand test, the deep squat test, lung volume measurements, maximum inspiratory and expiratory pressures, the 6-min walk test, and the 12-item Short Form Survey questionnaire. Results: The results revealed that the deep squat intervention group showed greater muscle strength and cardiorespiratory endurance improvements than the walking group. Significant improvements were observed in lower extremity muscle strength (42.9%), chair-stand repetitions (26%), deep squat repetitions (30.2%), maximum inspiratory pressure (67%), maximum expiratory pressure (29%), peak expiratory flow rate (32%), 6-min walk test distance (16%), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (53%), forced vital capacity (36%), and HRQoL (physical component 42% and mental component 25%) with a large effect size ranging from 1.6 to 10.7 (P &lt; 0.001). Conclusion: This study concludes that the deep squat intervention proved to be a safe and effective exercise program for mitigating physical deconditioning in individuals with mild to moderate chronic respiratory dysfunction compared with a walking program. These findings support the inclusion of deep squat training in routine pulmonary rehabilitation programs.

Impact of Acute High-intensity Interval Training on Cortical Excitability, M1-related Cognitive Functions, and Myokines: A Randomized Crossover Study

High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is a time-efficient, safe, and feasible exercise type that can be utilized across different ages and health status. This randomized cross-over study aimed to investigate the effect of acute HIIT on cortical excitability, M1-related cognitive functions, cognition-related myokines, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and Cathepsin B (CTSB). Twenty-three sedentary young adults (mean age: 22.78 years ± 2.87; 14 female) participated in a cross-over design involving two sessions: either 23 min of HIIT or seated rest. Before and after the sessions, cortical excitability was measured using transcranial magnetic stimulation, and M1-related cognitive functions were assessed by the n-back test and mental rotation test. Serum levels of BDNF and CTSB were assessed using the ELISA method before and after the HIIT intervention. We demonstrated that HIIT improved mental rotation and working memory, and increased serum levels of BDNF and CTSB, whereas cortical excitability did not change. Our findings provide evidence that one session of HIIT is effective on M1-related cognitive functions and cognition-related myokines. Future research is warranted to determine whether such findings are transferable to different populations, such as cognitively at-risk children, adults, and older adults, and to prescribe effective exercise programs.

Effects of an eight-week physical exercise program on low back pain and function in fruit workers: A randomized controlled trial.

Low back pain is prevalent in workers' health and functional performance. To evaluate the effects of a physical exercise program on low back pain and disability in fruit workers. This randomized controlled trial assigned 44workers (37 ± 9years) to two groups. The experimental group consisted of 10men and 12women with an average age of 38 (± 9) years, and the control group consisted of 8men and 14women with an average age of 36 (± 10) years. The experimental group (EG) performed a program of strength and flexibility exercises for eight weeks, twice a week. The control group (CG) received minimal care, with a booklet with guidelines for performing exercises. The primary outcomes included changes in perceived disability and the intensity of pain evaluated by the Rolland-Morris questionnaire and the Numerical Pain Scale, respectively. All outcomes were measured at baseline and after eight weeks of intervention. A significant difference was observed in the within-group analysis, with a mean reduction in pain intensity in the EG and CG of -4.55 (95%CI -7.01 to -2.09) and -3.81 (95%CI 1.72-5.90), respectively. For disability, a reduction of -4.45 (95% CI -8.89 to -0.02) was observed in the EG and of -4.43 (-7.38 to -1.48) in the CG. There were no significant differences in the between-groups analysis. The exercise program was not superior to using the educational booklet. However, both interventions showed substantial decreases in pain and disability levels.

Investigation of left atrial mechanical function and left ventricular systolic and diastolic parameters in athletes performing resistance exercise and combined exercise

Some individuals who go to fitness centers for various purposes perform resistance exercise (RE) alone, while others engage in combined exercise (CE) by including cardio exercises along with RE. Studying the effects of these two different training methods on left ventricular (LV) systolic and diastolic parameters and left atrial mechanical function is an important step toward understanding the effects of different types of exercise on cardiac function. This knowledge has significant implications for public health, as it can inform the development of targeted and effective exercise programs that prioritize cardiovascular health and reduce the risk of adverse outcomes. Therefore, the primary aim of this study is to comprehensively investigate the LV systolic and diastolic parameters of athletes who engage in RE and CE using ECHO, to contribute to the growing body of literature on the cardiovascular effects of different types of exercise. Forty-two amateur athletes aged between 17 and 52 were included in our study. The participants consisted of the RE (n = 26) group who did only resistance exercise during the weekly exercise period, and the CE group (n = 16) who also did cardio exercise with resistance exercises. After determining sports age (year), weekly exercise frequency (day), and training volume (min) in addition to demographic information of RE and CE groups, left ventricular systolic and diastolic parameters and left atrial functions were determined by ECHO. Findings from our study revealed that parameters including the left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD) (p = .008), left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) (p = .020), stroke volume index (SV-I) (p = .048), conduit volume (CV-I) (p = .001), and aortic strain (AS) (p = .017) were notably higher in the RE group compared to the CE group. Also left atrial active emptying volüme (LAAEV) of CE was higher than the RE group (p = .031). In conclusion, the cardiac parameters of the RE group showed more athlete’s heart characteristics than the CE group. These results may help to optimize the cardiovascular benefits of exercise routines while minimizing the potential risks associated with improper training.

A Longitudinal Theory-Based Investigation of How Environmental Aesthetics Predicts Home-Based Exercise.

Environmental aesthetics is a recognized macro environmental correlate of physical activity participation. Extrapolating this effect, we hypothesize this variable to also function as a determinant of exercise participation in the microenvironment , such as the home. Specifically, we predict that the environmental aesthetics of the location of cardio and resistance training equipment will predict determinants of exercise participation within the integrated behavior change model. Adult owners of exercise equipment ( N = 231) completed measures on the environmental aesthetics of their cardio and resistance training equipment, exercise time, and constructs from the integrated behavior change model across three consecutive monthly surveys. Study hypotheses were tested using multilevel structural equation modeling with participants (level 2) nested within time (level 1). The model revealed predictive effects of intention, habit, and planning on exercise participation over time. The findings indicated a total effect of autonomous motivation on intention and habit. In addition, environmental aesthetics of cardio and strength training equipment predicted autonomous motivation, along with habit and intention when accounting for indirect effects. Finally, planning moderated the intention-behavior relationship, indicating that participants who scored higher on planning were more likely to translate their intentions to behavior. These findings provide informative notes for designing effective home-based exercise programs, which have increased in popularity over the past recent years. Specifically, experimental studies that provide exercise equipment should ensure that the location of the equipment is appealing to the participant to increase the likelihood equipment use and exercise engagement.

Exercise in Diabetic Nephropathy: Protective Effects and Molecular Mechanism.

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a serious complication of diabetes, and its progression is influenced by factors like oxidative stress, inflammation, cell death, and fibrosis. Compared to drug treatment, exercise offers a cost-effective and low-risk approach to slowing down DN progression. Through multiple ways and mechanisms, exercise helps to control blood sugar and blood pressure and reduce serum creatinine and albuminuria, thereby alleviating kidney damage. This review explores the beneficial effects of exercise on DN improvement and highlights its potential mechanisms for ameliorating DN. In-depth understanding of the role and mechanism of exercise in improving DN would pave the way for formulating safe and effective exercise programs for the treatment and prevention of DN.

Maximal Exercise Tolerance, Objective Trunk Strength, and Mobility Measurements in Axial Spondyloarthritis.

Although exercise therapy is safe, effective, and recommended as a nonpharmacological treatment for axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA), there is a lack of guidelines regarding type and dosage. Insufficient knowledge about physical and physiological variables makes designing effective exercise programs challenging. Therefore, the goal of this study was to simultaneously assess trunk strength, spinal mobility, and the cardiorespiratory fitness of patients with axSpA. In a cross-sectional study, 58 patients with axSpA (mean age 40.8 yrs, 50% male, mean symptom duration 10.3 yrs) performed maximal cervical and trunk mobility and isometric strength tests in all planes (using David Back Concept devices) and a maximal cardiopulmonary bicycle exercise test (n = 25). Mobility and strength data were compared to healthy reference data. Cut-off values for clinical cardiopulmonary exercise testing interpretation were used to judge normality. Patients were compared based on radiographic involvement and symptom duration. Both strength (P ≤ 0.02) and mobility (P ≤ 0.001) were significantly lower for the patients with axSpA compared to the reference. Strength deficits were comparable between the radiographic and nonradiographic groups (P > 0.05, except trunk extension [P = 0.03]), whereas mobility showed higher deficits in the radiographic group (cervical extension [P = 0.02] and rotation [P = 0.01], and trunk extension [P = 0.03] and rotation [P = 0.03]), regardless of symptom duration. Similarly, symptom duration positively affected oxygen pulse (P = 0.03), relative anaerobic threshold (P = 0.02), and aerobic capacity (P = 0.02). In patients with axSpA, strength is more affected than mobility when compared to healthy controls. Likewise, mainly the metabolic component of aerobic capacity is impaired, affecting cardiopulmonary fitness. These findings indicate that future personalized exercise programs in patients with axSpA should incorporate exercises for cardiopulmonary fitness next to strength and mobility training.

HIIT 프로그램의 적용이 비만 아동의 전전두엽 실행기능과 스트레스에 미치는 영향

Objectives The aim of this research was to analyze the effect of the HIIT program on the prefrontal executive function and stress in obese children and provide base data needed to develop effective exercise program for obese elementary school students.&#x0D; Methods In order to accomplish the aim of this research, 24 obese children(BMI: 23kg/m2 or higher) were selected from the 5th~6th graders of J Elementary School at random to 12 members of exercise and control group respectively. HIIT program was performed for 20 minutes, 3 times per week, during 12 weeks. The measured data in this experiment were analyzed using the SPSS 25.0 statistical program, and the variables were expressed as M±SD and independent t-test was conducted for basic analysis of the general characteristics of the participants and verify the homogeneity between the groups. And 2-way ANOVA with repeated measures was conducted to analyze the interaction effects of groups and timing of measurement.&#x0D; Results The results obtained by the experiment are as follows. First, sub-variables of prefrontal executive functions. showed statistically significant differences in measurement time and interaction effects. The post measurements of the exercise group increased statistically significant, resulting in measurements between groups after the experiment. Second, stress variable showed statistically significant differences in measurement time and interaction effects, The post-measurements of the exercise group decreased statistically significant, resulting in statistically significant differences when comparing measurements between groups after the experiment.&#x0D; Conclusions In conclusion, the 12-week HIIT program had positive effects on obese children in elementary school for improvement of prefrontal executive function and reduction of stress. Therefore, it is considered that HIIT program can be utilized an effective exercise program for obese children in elementary school.&#x0D;

Pengaruh latihan split squat jump, jump to box dan kelentukan terhadap kemampuan tendangan tengkong bailian wushu

This research highlights the strategic role of sports in improving the quality of human resources, focusing on Wushu as a branch of achievement. There is a dominant attack technique, Tengkong Bailian, which requires strength, speed, and precision. Plyometric exercises, such as Split Squat Jump and Jump To Box, are recognized as methods to increase muscle power. Flexibility is also considered crucial in sports activities, and the technical development of Wushu athletes requires the integration of plyometric training with a focus on strength, speed, and flexibility. This study tried to reveal the difference in the influence between the two plyometric exercise methods on the ability of Tengkong Bailian, taking into account the degree of flexibility. Results showed that both methods were effective, with Split Squat Jump superior at high flex, and Jump To Box more effective at low flex. The implication is that the integration of both training methods can promote optimal results in coaching Wushu athletes, with emphasis on individual characteristics and degree of flexibility. These findings provide guidance for Wushu trainers to develop effective exercise programs

The Effect of High-Intensity Interval Training on Quality of Life and Incidence of Chemotherapy Side Effects in Women With Breast Cancer.

56 patients (48.56 (7.84) years, range 35-64 years) diagnosed locally advanced (stage II-III) ER + BC receiving doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide-based NAC were randomly assigned to the HIIT group and a control group (CG) for 6 months. The HIIT group performed 2 to 3 HIIT sessions per week according to the study protocol (4 × 4 minutes at 85%-95% peak heart rate (HR)). The CG followed the standard of care instructions by the oncologists. To assess the QoL participants completed the EORTC QLQ-C30 with the additional BC module of QLQ BR-23. Weekly self-reports on NAC side effects were collected through online survey. Study data were analyzed for 37 participants (nHIIT = 17, nCON = 20) who reported at least 14 (60%) weeks. HIIT was effective to reduce BC symptom scale outcomes (ES = 0.113, P = .048), and alleviate systemic therapy side effects (ES = 0.154, P = .020) and cancer related symptoms (ES = 0.124, P = .038). The most common side effect participants experienced at least 1 to 4 days/week was pain (average 50.9% and 56.8% for HIIT and CG, respectively), followed by sleep disturbances (average 50.9% and 49.9%, respectively). About 31% in both groups experienced sleep disturbances 5 to 7 days/week. The NAC induced physical, social and fatigue side effects had significantly lower incidence in HIIT group, while psychological side effects were significantly more common in training group. HIIT is an effective physical exercise program to maintain higher quality of life and help to reduce some of NAC induced side effects for women with BC.

Adherence and potential factors of adherence to a resistance, coordination and endurance training in older retirement home residents over 6 months.

High exercise adherence is a key factor for effective exercise programmes. However, little is known about predictors of exercise adherence to a multimodal machine-based training in older retirement home residents. To assess exercise adherence and potential predictors of adherence. Furthermore, to evaluate user acceptance of the multimodal training and the change in exercise self-efficacy. In this sub-analysis of the bestform-F study, a total of 77 retirement home residents ≥65 years (mean age: 85.6 ± 6.6 years, 77.9% female) participated in a 6-month machine-based resistance, coordination and endurance training. Attendance to the training was documented for each training session. To identify potential predictors a multiple linear regression model was fitted to the data. Analyzed predictors included age, sex, body mass index (BMI), physical function, exercise self-efficacy, and physical activity history. Different domains of user acceptance (e.g. safety aspects, infrastructure) and exercise self-efficacy were assessed by a questionnaire and the exercise self-efficacy scale (ESES), respectively. Mean exercise adherence was 67.2% (median: 74.4%). The regression model (R2 = 0.225, p = 0.033) revealed that the 6-minute walk test (6-MWT) at baseline significantly predicted exercise adherence (β: 0.074, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.006-0.142, p = 0.033). Different user domains were rated at least as good by 83.9%-96.9% of participants, reflecting high acceptance. No statistically significant change was found for exercise self-efficacy over 6 months (mean change: 0.47 ± 3.08 points, p = 0.156). Retirement home residents attended more than two thirds of offered training sessions and physical function at baseline was the key factor for predicting adherence. User acceptance of the training devices was highly rated. These findings indicate good potential for implementation of the exercise programme.

Exploration and Application of a Muscle Fatigue Assessment Model Based on NMF for Multi-Muscle Synergistic Movements.

Muscle fatigue significantly impacts coordination, stability, and speed in daily activities. Accurate assessment of muscle fatigue is vital for effective exercise programs, injury prevention, and sports performance enhancement. Current methods mostly focus on individual muscles and strength evaluation, overlooking overall fatigue in multi-muscle movements. This study introduces a comprehensive muscle fatigue model using non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) weighting. NMF is employed to analyze the duration multi-muscle weight coefficient matrix (DMWCM) during synergistic movements, and four electromyographic (EMG) signal features in time, frequency, and complexity domains are selected. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) optimizes feature weights. The DMWCM and weighted features combine to calculate the Comprehensive Muscle Fatigue Index (CMFI) for multi-muscle synergistic movements. Experimental results show that CMFI correlates with perceived exertion (RPE) and Speed Dynamic Score (SDS), confirming its accuracy and real-time tracking in assessing multi-muscle synergistic movements. This model offers a more comprehensive approach to muscle fatigue assessment, with potential benefits for exercise training, injury prevention, and sports medicine.

Optimal exercise dose and type for improving sleep quality: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of RCTs.

A substantial amount of research has explored the intricate relationship between exercise and sleep quality, consistently confirming that exercise can effectively enhance sleep quality. Nevertheless, previous studies have yet to conclusively determine which specific exercise program is most efficacious in improving sleep quality. To address this gap, the present study systematically evaluated the differential effects of various types of exercise, as well as exercise dosages (including duration, intervention period, frequency, and intensity), on sleep outcomes using a network meta-analysis approach. This endeavor aims to provide evidence-based support for the development of scientifically effective exercise programs tailored to improve sleep quality. Through the Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Scopus databases, we conducted a search for randomized controlled trials investigating the effects of exercise interventions on sleep, with a search cutoff date of April 30, 2024. We rigorously selected the literature according to the PICOS principle, and two independent researchers extracted the data. We would like to change this passage to: Bias risk assessment was conducted using the RevMan 5.4 software, and traditional meta-analysis and network meta-analysis were performed using Stata 17.0 software to generate forest plots, network evidence plots, and funnel plots. Furthermore, we adopted the surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) to evaluate and rank the intervention effects of different exercise types and dosages on sleep quality. To verify the robustness of our study results, we performed a sensitivity analysis using the leave-one-out method. The study strictly adhered to the PRISMA guidelines and included 58 RCT papers with a total of 5,008 participants. The network meta-analysis revealed significant variations in the impact of exercise frequency on sleep outcomes when compared to the control group. Interventions of 1-2 times per week [SMD = -0.85, 95% CI (-1.43, -0.26)], 3 times per week [SMD = -0.45, 95% CI (-0.80, -0.11)], and 4 times per week [SMD = -1.09, 95% CI (-1.92, -0.26)] demonstrated the most notable effects. Interventions lasting ≤30 min and 60-65 min were significantly more effective than the control group, with ≤30 min proving significantly more effective than 40-55 min [SMD = 0.75, 95% CI (0.01, 1.49)]. Interventions lasting 9-10 weeks [SMD = -1.40, 95% CI (-2.37, -0.44)], 12-16 weeks [SMD = -0.55, 95% CI (-0.90, -0.20)], and ≥ 24 weeks [SMD = -0.71, 95% CI (-1.31, -0.10)] were all significantly more effective than the control group. Additionally, the 9-10 weeks intervention period was found to be significantly more effective than the 6-8 weeks period [SMD = -1.21, 95% CI (-2.37, -0.04)]. Furthermore, interventions of moderate intensity [SMD = -1.06, 95% CI (-1.52, -0.61)] and high intensity [SMD = -1.48, 95% CI (-2.55, -0.40)] exercise interventions yielded significantly greater benefits compared to the control group. Specifically, high intensity interventions [SMD = -1.97, 95% CI (-3.37, -0.56)] and moderate intensity [SMD = -1.55, 95% CI (-2.57, -0.54)] exercise interventions were found to be significantly more effective than moderate-high intensity interventions. In terms of exercise types, aerobic exercise [SMD = -0.56, 95% CI (-0.86, -0.27)], traditional Chinese exercises [SMD = -0.57, 95% CI (-0.97, -0.18)], and combined exercise [SMD = -0.99, 95% CI (-1.66, -0.32)] interventions all produced significant improvements compared to the control group. The study determined that the most effective combination of exercise prescription elements for enhancing sleep quality includes a frequency of 4 times per week (SUCRA = 84.7), a duration of ≤30 min (SUCRA = 92.2), a period of 9-10 weeks (SUCRA = 89.9), and high-intensity (SUCRA = 92.9) combined exercise (SUCRA = 82.7). The current evidence indicates that combined exercise with a frequency of 4 times per week, a duration of ≤30 min, a period of 9-10 weeks, and high intensity is most effective for improving sleep quality. Nevertheless, due to the limited number of studies included, further research is needed to enhance the reliability of the findings. https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier: CRD42024555428.

Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) circulating levels are related to LDL Myocardial infarction

Background: Low-density lipoprotein receptors (LDL-R) in hepatocytes are degraded by the enzyme Neiutrophophil gielatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) A brand-new target for lipid-lowering treatment is Neiutrophophil gielatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) inhibition. Three subsets of monocytes, which play a critical role in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis, are known. Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine whether circulating levels of Neiutrophophil gielatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) are associated with LDL liped subsets. Materials and Methods: We included 70 patients with coronary artery disease. Neiutrophophil gielatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) levels were measured and LDL liped and 30 control health. Results: Eighty percent of the patients were men, with a mean age between 40 and 70. Patients increese displayed greater Neiutrophophil gielatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) -levels compared to the 30 male control group. Neiutrophophil gielatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) levels in the blood were associated with CM treatment in patients, whereas NCM had the opposite effect. Patients whose levels of Neiutrophophil gielatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) were greater than the median displayed a significantly higher. Conclusions: Endurance training, resistance training, and combined training improve cardiovascular risk factors associated with obesity. These types of training methods also improve cardiovascular risk factors in school obese children. Also, they can be used as effective exercise programs for these people. Therefore, EET, RET, and CET used in this study, especially EET, can be recommended as a non-medical way to improve the incidence of cardiovascular risk factors and obesity-related disorders in obese boys.