Effects Of Ethyl Methanesulfonate Research Articles

Mutagenic Effect of Ethyl Methane Sulfonate on Some Fiber Species

Jute, kenaf and mesta are prominent fibrous plants with significant industrial and nutritional value for optimization of their cultivation process can have substantial agricultural and economic implications. The study was conducted on exploring the impact of ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) presoaking treatments on the germination and the sensitivity of fiber crops to mutagens. This research aimed to evaluate the germination potential of jute, kenaf and mesta variety using various concentrations of EMS presoaking treatments, and analyze the sensitivity and induced variability in the M1 generation. Seeds were presoaked in four different concentrations of EMS. The subsequent parameters, including germination, root length, and shoot length, were measured at three crucial growth stages: 12, 24, and 36 days after sowing (DAS). A probit analysis was conducted to determine the LD50 value, which signifies the concentration at which 50% of the population exhibits an adverse effect. Moreover, significant variances were detected in germination rates, root elongation, and shoot growth across the different presoaking treatments. The findings emphasize the sensitivity of these fibrous plants to EMS concentrations, with increasing concentrations having a detrimental effect on growth parameters. This information can be instrumental for breeders and agriculturists looking to optimize germination in these crops. Bangladesh J. Nuclear Agric, 37(2): 19-27, 2023

Effects of Ethyl Methanesulfonate on Mutation Induction in Chrysanthemum spp.

Effects of Ethyl Methanesulfonate on Mutation Induction in Chrysanthemum spp.

Mutagenic effect of ethyl methane sulfonate in M2 generation of three genotypes of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)

In this study, three genotypes of tomato (Cobra, Roma vf, and Tropimech) were subjected to induced mutation with ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS). The result in the M2 generation was analyzed and traits assessed showed significant different (P < 0.05) among the variants of genotypes of tomato species studied. Cobra and Roma vf genotypes produced lots of mutants of interest. Cobra variant 2 (CV2) had the highest fruit weight of 2.796kg with a total of 36.7 number of harvested fruits per plant. Variant 3 had a fruit weight per plant of 2.178kg and it produced the highest number of harvested fruits per plant of 43. Other relatively performed variants of cobra include, variant 7 with the fruit weight of 1.7131kg and 28.3 number of harvested fruits. Variant 8 recorded a fruit weight per plant of 1.474kg with 30.3 number of harvested fruits. Variants 5 and 4 equally performed well with their fruit weights of 1.254kg and 1.232kg and number of harvested fruits of 29 and 19.7 respectively. In Roma vf, the highest fruit weight per plant of 1.2094kg was recorded by variant 8 with 69 harvested fruits per plant. This variant produced lots of fruits with a creeping growth habit that makes it behave like the indeterminate variety. Variant 2 recorded 1.11613kg with 25.33 of harvested fruits giving an average fruit weight of 44.06g. The M2 generation of Tropimech variety (TV) varied significantly in values recorded for the variants with TV3 recording highest fruit weight per plant of 368.47g.

Optimization of Lipid Production by Schizochytrium limacinum Biomass Modified with Ethyl Methane Sulfonate and Grown on Waste Glycerol.

One of the most promising avenues of biofuel research relates to using waste as a starting feedstock to produce liquid or gaseous energy carriers. The global production of waste glycerol by the refinery industry is rising year after year. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) on the growth rates and intracellular lipid accumulation in heterotrophically-cultured Schizochytrium limacinum microalgae, grown on waste glycerol as the carbon source. The strain S. limacinum E20, produced by incubating a reference strain in EMS for 20 min, was found to perform the best in terms of producing biomass (0.054 gDW/dm3·h) and accumulating intracellular bio-oil (0.021 g/dm3·h). The selected parameters proved to be optimal for S. limacinum E20 biomass growth at the following values: temperature 27.3 °C, glycerol level 249.0 g/dm3, oxygen in the culture 26%, and yeast extract concentration 45.0 g/dm3. In turn, the optimal values for lipid production in an S. limacinum E20 culture were: temperature 24.2 °C, glycerol level 223.0 g/dm3, oxygen in the culture 10%, and yeast extract concentration 10.0 g/dm3. As the process conditions are different for biomass growth and for intracellular lipid accumulation, it is recommended to use a two-step culture process, which resulted in a lipid synthesis rate of 0.41 g/dm3·h.

Mutagenic Effects of Ethyl Methanesulfonate on Morphological and Growth Characteristics of Neolamarckia cadamba Plantlets

Mutagenic Effects of Ethyl Methanesulfonate on Morphological and Growth Characteristics of Neolamarckia cadamba Plantlets

Investigation effect of ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) on some of morphophysiological and phytochemical traits of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.)

Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) is a member of the Fabaceae family which is an annual, dicotyledonous and self-pollinated plant. Since genetic diversity is the basis of plant breeding programs, it is important to create genetic mutations in order to increase diversity. To induce mutation, this experiment was conducted by applying four levels (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4 %) of ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) on fenugreek seeds. The treated seeds were planted in the research greenhouse on basis of randomized complete block design with three replications. The results showed that different EMS concentrations had significant effect on all the studied characteristics. The lowest values of the studied traits were observed in the control. Although the highest values of most morpho-physiological traits were obtained in 0.2 % of EMS, but the highest amount of phytochemical compounds were related higher concentrations of EMS. The content of trigonelline, diosgenin, nicotinic acid, and mucilage of grain were significantly increased with increasing EMS concentration. The highest and lowest contents of grains trigonelline were obtained in 0.3 % of EMS and control treatment, respectively. The nicotinic acid content had a positive and significant correlation with trigonelline, diosgenin and mucilage content. Also, the diosgenin content of grains had a positive significant correlation with mucilage content. In general, the application of sufficient concentrations of EMS mutants could be used as an effective tool to increase grain yield and secondary metabolites in breeding programs of fenugreek.

The Effect of Ethyl Methane Sulfonate (EMS) on The In Vitro Shoot Regeneration of Vetiver (Vetiveria zizanioides [L.] Nash)

Production of vetiver in Indonesia is low, and its oil quality is not in line with market demand due to the low quality of plant raw materials. In vitro mutagenesis using ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) has the potential to produce superior vetiver variants. This study aimed to determine the effect of EMS on the growth and shoot formation of in vitro vetiver plants. In vitro mutagenesis was performed by culturing in vitro shoots on MS medium containing EMS with various concentrations (0.02; 0.04; 0.06; 0.08; 0.1%) for 4 weeks. The results showed that the addition of 0.02-0.1% EMS to the medium affected on in vitro shoot growth and the ability to form new shoots. EMS increased the percentage of dead explants and decreased the average number of shoots, the number of shoots formed per explant, and the shoot fresh weight. The higher the EMS concentration in the medium, the smaller the percentage of survived explants and the lower ability to form new shoots with the average number of shoots formed less. The percentage of survived explants on the medium without the addition of EMS and on the medium with the addition of EMS with low concentrations of 0.02 and 0.04% reached 100% with an average number of shoots formed ranging from 8.5-10 shoots/explant. Meanwhile, the percentage of survived explants on medium with the addition of EMS with a high concentration of 0.08-0.1% was only 12.5-25% with an average number of shoots formed was less than 2 shoots/explant. Keywords: EMS, in vitro shoots, Vetiveria zizanioides .

Effect of ethyl methane sulfonate and gamma ray on physiological and phytochemical characteristics of papaver (Papaver macrostomum Boiss. and A. Huet)

Effect of ethyl methane sulfonate and gamma ray on physiological and phytochemical characteristics of papaver (Papaver macrostomum Boiss. and A. Huet)

Effects of Ethyl Methane Sulfonate on Some Phytochemical Traits, Stevioside and Rebaudiosid a Contents of Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) Plants Regenerated from Calli

Effects of Ethyl Methane Sulfonate on Some Phytochemical Traits, Stevioside and Rebaudiosid a Contents of Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) Plants Regenerated from Calli

Effect of Ethyl Methane Sulfonate (Ems) on Incubation Period, Pupal Period and Reproductive Potential of Ladybird Beetle, Epilachna Vigintioctopunctata Fab

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jles.v8i0.20156 J. Life Earth Sci., Vol. 8: 119-122, 2013

EMS, sodium azide and gamma rays induced meiotic anomalies in Delphinium malabaricum (Huth) Munz

Meiotic cell division is a dynamic cellular process controlled by a large number of genes that act from premeiotic to postmeiotic mitosis. Mutation in these genes may cause anomalies that impair plant fertility. In this study, an attempt has therefore been made to understand the effects of ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS), sodium azide (SA) and gamma rays on the meiotic configuration of Delphinium malabaricum. The results demonstrated that the mutagens cause various types of cytological aberrations, such as univalents, chromatin bridges, laggards, fragments, stickiness and multinucleated cells. The maximum aberrations were found at higher doses/concentrations of the mutagens. The highest percentage of pollen mother cells showing abnormalities was induced by EMS followed by gamma rays and SA. The mutagen impact on chromosomal anomalies increased the frequency of pollen sterility.

Effect of ethyl methane sulfonate(EMS)in in vitro mutation on anther-derived embryos in loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.)

A series of experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) as an in vitro mutation mutagen using the anther-derived embryos of loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl) which had been newly developed in the laboratory for the first time in the world. The results showed that EMS treatment caused changes in vitality and conformation of the anther-derived embryos. All EMS treatments employed in the study resulted in lower vitality to various extents depending on the EMS concentration and duration. The death rate of loquat anther-derived embryos was over 50% while the EMS concentration ranged from 0.1 to 0.9% and the exposure time of treatment was 0.5, 1 and 2 h, respectively. Maximal survival rate (46.2%) was obtained in the treatment of 0.3% EMS for 0.5 h and minimal survival rate (2%) was obtained in the treatment of 0.7% EMS for 2 h. The induction ability of secondary embryos decreased after the EMS treatment. Both the maximal percentage (46.2%) of embryos producing new embryos and the maximal number (5.4) of newly formed embryos per embryo producing new embryos were obtained in the treatment of 0.3% EMS for 0.5 h. Minimal percentage (2.8%) of embryos producing new embryos was obtained in the treatment of 0.7% EMS for 2 h. Minimal number (2.75) of newly formed embryos per embryo producing new embryos was obtained in the treatment of 0.9% EMS for 2 h. EMS treatment caused more morphological malformations in the secondary anther-derived embryos. Changes were detected with RAPD amplification profiles in the secondary anther-derived embryos from EMS treatment. There were diversities on the RAPD profiles in the EMS treated embryos, and 0.3% EMS for 2 h was the most effective in causing changes detected by RAPD in all treatments. Key words: In vitro mutation, ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS), anther-derived embryos, Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.

Plant regeneration from in vitro leaf tissues of Viburnum dentatum L

Shoots were regenerated from in vitro leaf tissues of two genotypes of Viburnum dentatum, a popular shrub species for landscape use. Adventitious shoots were induced when leaf tissues were cultured on woody plant medium (WPM) supplemented with either benzyladenine (BA) or thidiazuron (TDZ). Effects of cytokinin concentration, indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), and dark treatment on shoot regeneration were investigated. Dark treatment for the first 4 weeks of leaf explants cultured in the regeneration medium significantly increased the frequency of regeneration. The highest frequency of shoot regeneration (70%) for ‘Synnesvedt’ was obtained when leaf tissues were cultured in the medium with 40 μM BA or 8 μM TDZ with 4 weeks dark treatment. The highest frequency of shoot regeneration (90%) for ‘MN34’ was found in the 4 μM TDZ medium with 4 weeks dark treatment. Addition of IBA significantly enhanced shoot regeneration. Ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) treatment inhibited callus proliferation, particularly in the early stage of callus recovery; however, no significant difference in shoot regeneration among different treatments was observed, indicating that the inhibitory effect of EMS was minimal after calluses re-acquired their capacity to grow and regenerate in the regular medium. Regenerated shoots (>1.5 cm) were rooted in the half-strength MS medium containing 5-10 μM IBA or naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). Rooted plants were transferred to the potting medium and grown in the greenhouse.

Isolation of antibiotic-resistant and antimetabolite-resistant mutants of Frankia strains EuI1c and Cc1.17.

Antibiotic-resistant and antimetabolite-resistant mutants of the nitrogen-fixing symbiotic bacterium Frankia were isolated to provide strains with genetic backgrounds amenable to genetic analysis. The lethal and mutagenic effects of ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) and UV light on four Frankia strains were investigated. UV irradiation or EMS treatment of strain EuI1c cells resulted in the formation of two different colony types: rough and smooth. The smooth colonies were conditional sporulation mutants. In the case of EMS-induced cells of strain Cc1.17, resistance to lincomycin, ampicillin, and 5-fluorouracil occurred at a frequency of 1 x 10(-5), 1 x 10(-5), and 4 x 10(-5), respectively. The lincomycin-resistant mutants produced a yellow-tan pigment that was released into the growth medium. Resistance to tetracycline and lincomycin with EMS-induced cells of strain EuI1c occurred at a frequency of 3.2 x 10(-3) and 4.7 x 10(-4), respectively. These strains will be useful for the development of genetic methods for Frankia.

Nutritional value of Ganoderma extract and assessment of its genotoxicity and anti-genotoxicity using comet assays of mouse lymphocytes

The nutritive composition of a hot aqueous extract of wild Ganoderma fruit bodies was determined. This extract was assessed for cytotoxicity and in vivo genotoxicity by both acute and subchronic exposure of mice (given by mouth at a dose equivalent to extract of 220 g fresh Ganoderma fruit body/kg body weight). To test any alleged protection against mutagens by Ganoderma treatments, the mice were injected intraperitoneally with the radiomimetic mutagen ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS), and after 24 hr of treatment their lymphocytes were examined using the comet assay. Ganoderma extract consisted of Folin-positive material (68.9% of dry weight), but protein comprised only 7.3% of dry weight. Glucose accounted for 11.1% and metals 10.2% of dry weight (K, Mg and Ca being the major components with Ge (often touted as being of value in sales literature for Ganoderma preparations) having the fifth highest metal concentration at 489 μg/g). In comparison to rodent chow, Ganoderma extract was a modest dietary supplement. No evidence was found for genotoxic chromosomal breakage nor cytotoxic effects by Ganoderma extract in the mouse, nor did it protect against the effects of ethyl methanesulfonate. We found no support in this study for the extract having any value in protecting against the test mutagen.

Fate of lesions that elicit sister chromatid exchanges (FLE-SCE) produced in DNA by alkylating agents in vivo

A study was made on the effect of ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) or dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) on the frequency of SCE occurring in the first, in the second or at the same locus in both divisions. This was done with a previously reported in vivo protocol which allowed us to determine the fate of lesions that elicit SCE (FLE-SCE) in two cell divisions after mutagen treatment. The results showed that EMS-induced DNA lesions that cause SCE are persistent, and that some of them were produced in the second-division or were generated from SCE non-inducing lesions. We inferred this by the analysis of the response in cell populations. DMN seems to induce SCE mainly during the second division, but by inhibiting DNA synthesis as was interpreted from the cell frequency distribution with respect to the number of SCE in first and in second cell division.

Combined effects of chemicals on mammalian cells in culture, II. Effects of ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) and arabinosyl cytosine (Ara-C) on mutation induction

Combined effects of chemicals on mammalian cells in culture, II. Effects of ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) and arabinosyl cytosine (Ara-C) on mutation induction

Induction of Genetic Variation for Oil Properties and Agronomic Characteristics of Soybean1

The effects of ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) for inducing significant useful genetic variation in fatty acid composition of oil from mature seeds and in agronomic characteristics of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] were determined. Seeds of ‘Century’ were soaked for 24 h in a 0.018 mol L−1 solution of EMS. Fieldgrown M1 plants were harvested individually and 20 seeds per plant were sown the following year in M2 plant rows. At maturity three M2 plants (lines) were randomly selected from 100 M1 families. The lines were evaluated in hill plots, 5 plants per hill, during 1981 and 1982 for agronomic characteristics, and harvested seeds were evaluated for fatty acid composition of the oil. The EMS induced significant genetic variation in fatty acid composition and in agronomic characteristics. The distributions of fatty acids were skewed toward high levels of oleic acid and low levels of linoleic acid. Agronomic characteristics were skewed toward low yielding, late maturing lines. The mean of each characteristic for the EMS treated lines did not differ significantly from Century. Broad‐sense heritability estimates for agronomic characteristics of the EMS treated lines were similar to estimates based on populations derived from hybridization. Genetic correlations indicated that very few significant interrelations existed between agronomic characteristics and fatty acid composition of the oil.

Dominant lethal mutations induced by MMS and mitomycin C in the fish Oryzias latipes

Males of the fish Oryzias latipes were treated with various chemicals and then mated with normal females. The fertility and hatchability of the eggs laid by the parents were examined, and the dominant lethal effects were estimated. Mitomycin C induced dominant lethals in the fish spermatids and spermatocytes after the males had been treated with concentrations of 2.5 and 25 μg/ml. Methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) induced lethalds in spermatozoa and spermatids after the injection of 200 and 400 mg/kg. These results are in good agreement with the results obtained with mice. However, the effects of ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) were not clear on spermatogenic cells at any stage. We could not recognize any significant induction of dominant lethals by urethanes, bleomycin, caffeine, and two of food-color additives, at least under the present experimental conditions.

Seminal Cytology and Reproductive Toxicology of N-Chloropiperidine

Induction of sperm abnormality in mice and hamster and reproductive toxicity in mice was examined following chronic exposures (ad libitum) to N-chloropiperidine (NCP). The results showed that significant levels of abnormal sperm in the NCP treated group were observed after five weeks of exposure. The time of the appearance of NCP-induced anomalous sperm suggested that the compound did not affect late spermatocytes and spermiogenesis. Reproductive toxicological analysis based on moles, implantations, and offspring per pregnancy revealed that while the toxic effect of ethylmethane sulfonate was evident within the first week of treatment, NCP-induced toxicity was observed only after five weeks of treatment. The data further showed that in matings where both parents were exposed to NCP, the frequencies of moles, implantations, and offspring per pregnancy were fewer than those observed in single parent exposure.