Effects Of Energy Resources Research Articles

The Effect of Energy Consumption, Energy Resources, Economic Growth, and Road Infrastructure on Co2 Emissions in Indonesia

This study aims to analyze the effect of energy resources, energy consumption, and road infrastructure on economic growth and their effect on CO2 emissions in Indonesia. This study uses time series data in Indonesia for the period 2000 to 2019 and the analytical model used is the Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model. The results found in this study are variables that have a significant effect on economic growth in the short term are road infrastructure in the same period, in the previous period, as well as in the previous 2 periods and resources. Meanwhile, the ones that have a significant effect in the long term are road infrastructure and energy resources. Variables that have a significant effect on CO2 emissions in the short term are road infrastructure, energy consumption in the previous period, economic growth in the previous period, energy consumption and energy resources. While the variables that influence in the long term are economic growth and energy resources.

The effect of energy resources on economic growth and carbon emissions: A way forward to carbon neutrality in an emerging economy

Globally, all countries have producing different levels of carbon emissions and also facing both the problems of climate change and global warming due high carbon emissions in the atmosphere. Therefore, it is important to cutting carbon emissions in the atmosphere. This is only possible by switching to cleaner fuels, use of innovation technologies and development of carbon capture storages. These can substantially help the nations to reaching carbon neutrality. Given this background, this paper examines the effect of disaggregated energy consumption, technological innovations, capital on economic output and CO2 emissions in India for the period of 1990–2018. Based on empirical analysis, our long-run elasticities indicate that disaggregated energy consumption and technological innovations have a positive impact on economic growth, while renewable energy consumption and technological innovations have a positive impact on CO2 emissions. It implies that more use of energy consumption producing significant amount of CO2 emissions and by using renewable energy consumption and technological innovations (i.e. carbon capture storages) can significantly lowering CO2 emissions, which is clearly indicating that India has moving towards carbon neutrality. The causality analysis further indicates a unidirectional causal relationship running from disaggregated energy usage to economic growth and carbon emissions. These empirical findings suggest that the increased consumption of renewable power does not lead to rise carbon emissions, which, in turn, ensures sustainable economic growth.

Energy resources and the risk of conflict in shared river basins

This study examines the effect of energy resources on the chances for militarized conflict, water related conflict and cooperation events, and cooperative river treaties between pairs of states on shared international river basins. We examine trade-offs that riparian states can make between energy resources such as oil or natural gas and fresh water resources. Integrating upstream and downstream states’ geographical position in a river basin with energy resource information, we examine four related scenarios of states sharing rivers: (1) Joint energy where both upstream and downstream countries have energy resources, (2) Downstream energy where only the downstream state has energy resources, (3) Upstream energy where only an upstream country has energy resources, and (4) No energy. Theoretically, we argue that Downstream energy dyads are most likely to find cooperative solutions to conflicts over shared river resources because downstream states can offer oil and natural gas side payments to upstream states in exchange for greater water supplies. Empirical analyses of dyadic data in shared river basin dyads from 1945 to 2001 provide strong support for the theory. Riparian cooperation through river treaties and diplomacy is best achieved in Downstream energy dyads, where the downstream states have energy resources that can be traded for water resources with upstream states. Militarized conflict and water related conflict events are most likely in Joint energy dyads. Case illustrations from the Aral Sea and Ganges river basins are used to demonstrate the theoretical arguments.

The Impact of Resource Rents on the Foreign Policymaking in West Asia

The effect of resource wealth on domestic politics has been widely discussed but its impact on foreign policy conduct is scarcely analysed. On the domestic front, rentier states not only have the repressive mechanisms to subdue discontent within its jurisdiction but they can also provide material benefits to its supporters in return for their loyalties. Hence, for resource-rich countries that have not already developed democratic institutions, authoritarianism seems to be a widely expected outcome. Yet, those rentier states may also develop a certain kind of foreign policy that increases the risk of conflict and political tensions in the international arena. Authoritarian regimes fuelled by the income generated by the sale of underground resources can pursue more aggressive policies as envisioned by democratic peace theory. This article attempts to draw a generalized framework on the effects of energy resources on the actions of exporting states while at the same time tries to draw lessons for Turkey, a country located in a troublesome but resource-rich geography.