Effects Of Different Sowing Times Research Articles

Structural and physicochemical effects on the starch quality of the high-quality wheat genotype caused by delayed sowing.

Bread wheat is one of the most important food crops associated with ensuring food security and human nutritional health. The starch quality is an important index of high-quality wheat. It is affected by a complex series of factors; among which, suitable sowing time is a key factor. To analyze the integrative effects of sowing time on the starch quality of high-quality wheat, in the present study, we selected a high-quality bread wheat cultivar Jinan 17 and investigated the effect of different sowing times on the starch properties and the related genes by analyzing X-ray diffraction patterns, apparent amylose content, thermal properties, pasting properties, in vitro starch digestibility, and qRT-PCR. Meanwhile, we also investigated the agronomic and yield performance that may be associated with the starch properties. Delayed sowing had little effect on starch crystalline morphology, but there was a tendency to reduce the formation of crystals within wheat starch granules: (1) delayed sowing for 15 days altered the thermal properties of starch, including onset, peak and termination temperatures, and enthalpy changes; (2) delayed sowing for 30 days changed the thermal characteristics of starch relatively insignificant; (3) significant differences in pasting characteristics occurred: peak viscosity and hold-through viscosity increased, while final viscosity, breakdown viscosity, and setback viscosity tended to increase and then decrease, suggesting that delayed sowing caused changes in the surface of the starch granules resulting in a decrease in digestibility. Analysis of related genes showed that several key enzymes in starch biosynthesis were significantly affected by delayed sowing, leading to a reduction in apparent straight-chain starch content. In addition to starch properties, thousand-kernel weight also increased under delayed sowing conditions compared with normal sowing. The impact of delayed sowing on starch quality is multifaceted and complex, from the fine structure, and functional properties of the starch to the regulation of key gene expression. Our study holds significant practical value for optimizing wheat planting management and maximizing the potential in both quality and yield.

Agroclimatic Indices, Phenology and Growth Response of Clusterbean to Different Dates of Sowing and Varieties

A field experiment was performed to study the effect of different sowing times and varieties on agroclimatic indices, phenology and growth of clusterbean at CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar (Haryana). Experiment was laid out in factorial randomized block design with three replications. Treatments consists of two factors i.e. sowing time and varieties. Three clusterbean varieties i.e. HG 365 (V1), HG 563 (V2) and HG 2-20 (V3) with each sown at three different dates of sowing i.e first (D1), third (D2) and fourth (D3) week of July. Clusterbean variety HG 563(V2), sown in first week of July (D1) resulted in significantly higher accumulation of agroclimatic indices i.e. growing degree days, photo thermal units, heliothermal units and heat use efficiency because the early sown crop had a fully developed normal reproductive phase and took longer time to attain maturity. Similarly, more number of days were taken for emergence, days to 50% flowering, days to 50% pod formation and days to maturity in variety HG 563, sown in first week of July. Significantly higher leaf area index and dry matter accumulation were observed in HG 563 sown on 1st week of July than rest of the varieties and date of sowings.

The Impact of Sowing Time and Biostimulant Application on Seed Production in Italian Ryegrass

This research was performed to determine the effects of different sowing times (ST1, ST2, and ST3) and biostimulant (Pi-NFS) doses (0, 100, 250, 500 ml da-1) on seed yield components of Italian ryegrass ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.) in the continental condition of Eskişehir, Turkey. The results indicated that the main factors significantly affected the seed yield components except for the effect of sowing time on plant height, however, the interaction effect of these factors was significant only on the number of the reproductive tillers and seed yield. There was no significant difference between the ST1 and ST2 in terms of the number of the reproductive tillers, thousand seed weight, and seed yield. Likewise, the values of these components did not differ significantly in the doses of 250 and 500 ml da-1. The highest seed yield was derived from the dose of 500 ml da-1 at ST2 and the values obtained from the doses of 250 and 500 ml da-1 at the ST1 were in the high seed yield group. It was concluded that early sowing time and the doses of 250 to 500 ml da-1 biostimulant application resulted in high seed yield in Italian grass. On the other hand, the dose of 500 ml was more effective in case of delayed sowing time like ST2.

Performance of tall wheat under different sowing times and methods using various nutrient sources in western Haryana

To study the effect of different sowing times, methods and nutrient sources on the growth and productivity of tall wheat, a field experiment was conducted in a split-plot design with three replications. The analysis of data revealed that tall wheat crop sown in the last week of October on FIRBS recorded significantly higher plant height, dry matter accumulation (at different growth stages), yield attributes, grain yield (2599 kg ha-1) and biological yield (7212 kg ha-1) as compared to conventionally sown wheat crop in 1st and 2nd week of November. Among the different nutrient sources, the recommended doses of chemical fertilizers provided significantly higher values of growth parameters, yield attributes, grain yield (2658 kg ha-1) and biological yield (7426 kg ha-1) compared to organic fertilizers/ biofertilizers. Maximum temperature showed a significant and positive correlation with yield and yield attributes. In light of the results to maximize the productivity of tall wheat, it may be sown in the last week of October on FIRBS supplied with recommended doses of fertilizers on the basis of soil test.

Climate change necessitates a change in the cultivation date of caraway ( Carum carvi L.)

By 2050, global crop demand is projected to rise by 60–110%. Crop yields have also been impacted by climate change in some nations, and these impacts are likely to continue. To prevent the influence of climate change on crop output, it is critical to adjust planting times in weather-related open fields to meet food security concerns. Present study was carried out at Experimental Farm of Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt, during two successive seasons, 2019 and 2020. It was aimed to study the effect of different sowing times (1st and 15th October, 1st and 15th November), and plant spacings (25, 20, and 15 cm) on growth, fruit yield, and oil production of caraway ( Carum carvi L.) plants. The results showed that sowing caraway plants on 15th October with plant spacing of 25 cm gave the highest dry weight (72.6 g∙plant –1), fresh weight (266.15 g∙plant –1), seed yield (37.43 g∙plant –1), and oil yield (0.659 cm3∙plant –1). The maximum umbels (50.83 number per plant) and essential oil (1.78%) were also recorded in the plants receiving same treatment. On the other hand, plants sown at 15th November with spacing of 15 cm exhibited the minimum values of recorded traits. While the highest value of plant height gave with sowing caraway plants on 15th October with plant spacing of 15 cm (135.35 cm). In conclusion, the plants sowed on October 15th with a maximum plant spacing of 25 cm had the highest values of the evaluated morphological, biochemical, and yield attributes of caraway.

Influence of different sowing times on yield and biochemical characteristics of different opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) genotypes

BackgroundOpium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) is an important industrial plant that could be cultivated in Turkey during autumn and spring seasons. However, the impact of different seasons on yield and biochemical attributes of different genotypes in Turkey is rarely tested. This study determined the effect of different sowing times (autumn and spring) on alkaloid, oil content, yield and related traits, and phenological properties of different opium poppy genotypes. MethodsThe experiment was conducted at two different locations (Topcu and Yerkoy) during autumn and spring seasons of 2020 and 2021. A total 18 different poppy genotypes available for cultivation were included in the study. Data on yield related traits and biochemical attributes were recorded at harvest. ResultsAlkaloid and oil contents were higher in spring sowings than autumn sowings. However, autumn sowings recorded higher yield and yield-related traits compared to spring sowings. During autumn sowings, morphine ratio varied from 0.33 % to 1.40 %, morphine yield ranged between 4.28 and 21.97 kg ha−1, capsule yield differed between 1156.1 and 2393.3 kg ha−1, and seed yield ranged from 1162.0 to 2420.0 kg ha−1. Similarly, during spring sowings, morphine ratio differed from 0.40 % and 1.50 %, morphine yields ranged between 3.13 and 17.44 kg ha−1, capsule yield varied between 721.7 and 1757.8 kg ha−1, and seed yield ranged from 656.0 to 1676.4 kg ha−1. The genotypes ‘Celikoglu’, ‘Tinaztepe’, ‘Seyitgazi’, ‘Ofis 95’ and ‘Afyon 95’ are recommended for autumn sowing, whereas genotypes ‘Huseyinbey’, ‘Ofis 96’, ‘Celikoglu’, ‘Seyitgazi’ and ‘Ofis NM’ are recommended for spring sowing due to their higher yield and yield characteristics. The genotypes ‘Ofis 1’ and ‘Ofis 2’ can be used in both autumn and spring sowings for morphine production. The genotypes ‘Ofis 8’ and ‘TMO 1’ during autumn sowings, and ‘Ofis 96’ and ‘TMO 1’ are recommended for spring sowings to obtain higher oil contents. ConclusionThe results have grouped and identified the available genotypes according to their specific traits. Therefore, the selection of the genotype must be done for the required purpose based on the results of the current study.

Optimal sowing times and irrigation schedule of the chickpea (Cicer Arietinum L.) in semi-arid regions

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of different sowing times and irrigation schedules on seed yield and water use of chickpea in Central Anatolia's semi-arid conditions. For two years, field trials were conducted using a split-block trial design with three replications. The study addressed two sowing times as well as five irrigation treatments. While the effect of sowing time on grain yield varied by year, the effect of irrigation on grain yield was significant for both sowing times. At both sowing times, the three irrigation treatments (flowering, pod set, and pod filling) produced the highest grain yield. The efficiency of water use was higher in late sowing than in early sowing. While plant water consumption increased during the early sowing period, the amount of irrigation water decreased. The seasonal yield response factor early sowing, on the other hand, was lower than in late sowing.

Impact of Sowing Dates on Wheat Varieties in Central Terai Region of Nepal

A suitable time of sowing and varieties are the most important factors for getting higher yield of wheat. To evaluate the effect of different sowing times on wheat varieties, an experiment was conducted at Directorate of Agricultural Research (DoAR), Madhesh Province, Parwanipur, Bara, Nepal during the winter seasons of 2018-2019. The experiment was conducted in a split-plot design with three replications that includes twelve treatments combination having three sowing dates as a main-factor ( 10th November, 25th November, and 10th December) and four promising wheat varieties (BL 4407, BL 4621, BL 4699, and Vijay) as a sub-factor. There was a significant effect of date of sowing on spike length, tillers, grain yield and 1000 grains weight, but the plant height and straw yield were not affected significantly by sowing dates. Variety had no significant effect on plant height and straw yield, but influenced significantly the spike length, effective tillers, 1000 grains weight and grain yield. The 25th November sown wheat crop gave a significantly higher grain yield (3925 kg ha–1) and straw yield (8044 kg ha–1) but declined in grain yield noted by 11-14% in the 10th November and 10th December sown wheat. A promising wheat variety BL 4407 (4017 kg ha–1) produced the highest yield, (20% more) compared with released variety Vijay (3203 kg ha–1). It can be concluded that proper time of sowing and selecting appropriate variety enhanced the grain yield of wheat.

THE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT SOWING TIMES AND HARVEST STAGES ON FORAGE YIELD AND QUALITY IN BUCKWHEAT (FAGOPYRUM ESCULENTUM MOENCH)

This study was carried out to determine the effects of different sowing times and harvest stages on the yield and forage quality of buckwheat in Marmara conditions. The experiment was carried out in Bursa Uludag University Agricultural Application and Research Area in 2018 and 2019 years using Gunes variety as plant material. The experiment was established in a split-plot randomized complete blocks design with three replicates. Four different sowing times (15 April, 1 May, 15 May and 1 June) were considered in the main plot and three different harvest stages (flowering, milk, and dough) in the sub-plot. Results showed that higher plant height, stem diameter, and dry matter yield values were obtained from the plants sown on 15 April and harvested during the milk or dough stages. The highest crude protein ratio, crude protein yield and relative feed value, and the lowest acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber values were determined in plants, which were sown early and harvested during flowering. In general, the delayed harvest stage increased the yield of buckwheat but negatively affected the forage quality.

THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT SOWING TIMES ON FRESH EAR YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS IN SWEET CORN (ZEA MAYS L. SACCHARATA STURT.) VARIETIES

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of different sowing times on duration of tasselling, plant height, first ear height, ear length, ear diameter, number of ears per plant, fresh ear yield with husk, fresh ear yield unhusked, and marketable number of ears of different sweet corn (Zea mays L. saccharata Sturt.) varieties in Diyarbakır between the years of 2010-2012. The trial was conducted as split plots in randomised complete blocks with three replications. The main plots were sowing times, and the sub-plots were varieties. The trials were carried out at eight different sowing times (1 April, 15 April, 1 May, 15 May, 1 June, 15 June, 1 July and 15 July) with ‘Merit’, ‘Jubilee’, ‘Lumina’, ‘Vega’ and ‘Sakarya’ composite sweet corn varieties. From the variance analysis of the three-year combined average, the duration of tasselling, plant height, first ear height, ear length, ear diameter, number of ears per plant, fresh husked ear yield, fresh unhusked ear yield and marketable ear number were statistically significant for sowing times and varieties. According to the sowing time × variety interaction, except ears per plant and first ear height values, all other traits were significant. The fresh husked and unhusked ear yields varied between 8541.7-19396.8 kg ha-1 and 5065.0-13485.7 kg ha-1, respectively. The highest fresh husked and fresh unhusked ear yields were obtained from the 15 April sowing time of ‘Vega’ variety. The results state that optimal sowing dates for different varieties of sweet corn could be from 1 April to 1 May, and the most suitable variety to be planted is ‘Vega’ in Diyarbakır conditions.

Mardin Ekolojik Koşullarında Farklı Ekim Zamanı Uygulamalarının İkinci Ürün Silaj Mısır (Zea mays L.) Çeşitlerinin Verim ve Verim Unsurları Üzerine Etkisinin Araştırılması

This study was carried out in Mardin / Kızıltepe ecological conditions during the second crop growing period to determine the adaptation characteristics and the effects of different sowing times on silage yield and quality of five different maize varieties obtained from public institutions and private companies. In the experiments carried out as the second crop in a farmer field in 2018-2019 in Köprübaşı Village of Kızıltepe district of Mardin, plantings were carried out with five different silage maize varieties on 25 June, 5 July, 15 July and 25 July dates. Obtained plant heights were 260-318 cm; plant stem diameters were 20.4-25.0 mm; stalk ratios were 51.4-55.4%; leaf rates were 18.8-20.5%; cob rates were between 24.5-28.7%, green grass yields were 6.4-10.2 t / da, hay yields were 1.6-2.6 t / da in the research. Among the varieties, the highest green grass yield was obtained from OSSK644 variety in the second planting time (05 July). According to the results of the research; in terms of green grass yield in Mardin / Kızıltepe ecological conditions, OSSK644 variety is recommended to be planted on July 05.

Effect of morphological components on the herbage yield and quality of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) grown at different dates

In addition to environmental conditions and cultural practices, plant factors, particularly morphological parts, have a significant effect on the yield and feed value of roughages. However, no studies have been conducted for this purpose on quinoa grown for hay production. Therefore, between 2017 and 2018, a study was planned to determine the effect of different sowing times (mid- March, late March, early April, and mid-April) and plant parts (leaves, stems and panicles) together on the herbage yield and quality characteristics of quinoa. In the experiment established according to a randomized complete blocks design, a significant decrease in plant height, stem thickness, number of branches, and panicle ratios were determined with delayed sowing time. The highest contribution of the stems to the fresh herbage and dry matter yield was determined in the 1st sowing period, but the highest contribution to the neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber and acid detergent lignin contents were determined in the first 2 sowing periods. The highest crude protein ratio and yield were determined in the leaves in the late and 1st sowing period, respectively. The highest digestible dry matter and metabolic energy contents were measured in the leaves in all of the sowing periods. The highest digestible energy and relative feed values were determined in the leaves of plants sown in the last 2 sowing periods. As a result, it was shown that the leaves had a positive contribution to the feed quality of quinoa, while the stems had a positive contribution to the feed yield. In addition, it was concluded that sowing should be performed without delay for high yield and at a later time for quality hay production. Key words:

Effect of Planting Times Growth and Yield of White Lupen (Lupinus albus L.)

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different sowing times on growth and yield characters of white lupine (Lupinus albus L.). The experiment was carried out in the Field Crops Experimen Station at Eyyubiye campus of Harran University during 2017-2018 semi-arid season. In the study, four different sowing times (30 October, 15 November, 30 November and 15 December) were evaluated in randomized complete blocks design with 4 replications. The results revealed that the impact of different sowing times on fresh herb and hay yield, 100 seed weight (gr) and seed yield of white lupine plant was statistically significant, but did not impact on crude protein, hay, crude protein in the seed, plant height and number of branches per plant. Overall, the results suggested that white lupen planted at the end of November could successfully be grown in Þanlýurfa conditions.

Sowing times influence canola grain yield and oil quality

The aim of this study was to evaluate the environmental effect of different sowing times on the productivity and quality of hybrid canola grains Hyola 60, Hyola 61, Hyola 401 and Hyola 432 sown on the dates 05/12/08, 05/31/08, 06/21/08 and 08/02/08, with a sowing test on 04/18/08 with Hyola 401 and Hyola 61 hybrids. The experimental design consisted of randomized blocks in a factorial 4 dates x 4 hybrids. The local environment was characterized by air temperature, relative humidity and rainfall. With these data, we computed the actual (ETR) and reference (ETo) evapotranspiration. The effect of the soil moisture was evaluated with regards to ETR ETo-1. The results were submitted to analysis of variance and the Tukey test at 5% significance for comparison of means. The environmental effect was evaluated by regression analysis. The hybrid Hyola 401 had better productivity while Hyola 60 showed the lowest productivity. The hybrid Hyola 401 presented the best quality indicators. There was a trend of reduction in grain productivity and quality with delayed sowing. The mean air temperature was found to be the main environmental factor affecting yield and quality, particularly in the filling-maturity of grains in the sub-period and throughout the cycle, with reduced production at higher air temperatures.

Effect of Different Sowing Dates on Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Fiber Color at Double Crop Growing Conditions

Cotton fiber color is determined by the effect of fiber reflectance (Rd) and fiber yellowness (+ b), which are important standards for determining cotton price. This study was conducted to determine effects of different sowing times on fiber color components in widely grown four cotton varieties in 2015 and 2016 under Harran Plain double crop conditions. The experiments were conducted on the experimental area of Agricultural Faculty of Harran University at Eyyubiye Campus. Seeds of cotton cultivars were sown according to sowing dates with completely randomized split plot experimental design with three replications. Sowing dates (June 1 st , June 10 th , and June 20 th ) were kept in main plot and varieties (Stoneville 468, BA 119, DP 499 and PG 2018) were in sub plot. Four cotton varieties (Stoneville 468, BA 119, DP 499 and PG 2018), which are certified for Harran Plain, were used as plant material. As the result of the study, the fiber color of Şanlıurfa province, where all varieties are in the light and white class according to the HVI color scale, but white color is changing from standard 2 to standard 3 and standard 4 grade. All the varieties used in the experiment were affected by sowing time in terms of fiber color and whiteness of color was found to be dulled with the delay in the sowing time. For this reason, early and late harvests should not be mixed and should be stored separately.

Effect of different sowing times and spacings on growth, yield and quality of water spinach (Ipomoea reptans Poir.) under terai region of West Bengal

An experiment was conducted to find out suitable sowing time and spacing as to increase the production of both green and seed yield and its quality of water spinach (Ipomoea reptans Poir.) during the year 2007-08 and 2008-09. The experiment was comprised of three sowing times (1st week of May; 1st week of June and 1st week July) and three spacings (30 cm × 15 cm; 30 cm ×30 cm and 30 cm ×45 cm). It was found that early sowing on 1st week of May and closest spacing of 30 cm ×15 cm alone and their combination executed best results with respect to all parameters. The sowing on 1st week of May with closest spacing of 30 cm ×15 cm produced about 3.26 times higher green yield (18.83 t/ha). On the other hand, sowing on 1st week of June with 30 cm ×15 cm spacing contributed 52.95 percent higher seed yield (0.78 t/ha). All the seed quality testing parameters viz. shelling percentage (62.53), 1000 seed weight (40.56 g), germination percentage (82.40), seedling vigour index (5.38) and seedling growth rate (0.091 g/plant/day) were observed to be highest in 1st week of June with widest spacing of 30 cm ×45 cm. On economic point of view, the combination of 1st week of May along with 30 cm ×15 cm spacing was noticed to be superior amongst all other treatment combinations and that may be adopted for its commercial cultivation in medium to upland situation under terai region of West Bengal.

Characterization and antimicrobial activity of essential oils of industrial hemp varieties ( Cannabis sativa L.)

The present study focused on inhibitory activity of freshly extracted essential oils from three legal (THC < 0.2% w/v) hemp varieties (Carmagnola, Fibranova and Futura) on microbial growth. The effect of different sowing times on oil composition and biological activity was also evaluated. Essential oils were distilled and then characterized through the gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Thereafter, the oils were compared to standard reagents on a broad range inhibition of microbial growth via minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay. Microbial strains were divided into three groups: i) Gram (+) bacteria, which regard to food-borne pathogens or gastrointestinal bacteria, ii) Gram (−) bacteria and iii) yeasts, both being involved in plant interactions. The results showed that essential oils of industrial hemp can significantly inhibit the microbial growth, to an extent depending on variety and sowing time. It can be concluded that essential oils of industrial hemp, especially those of Futura, may have interesting applications to control spoilage and food-borne pathogens and phytopathogens microorganisms.

The effect of different sowing times on development and efficiency of some Chinese cabbage varieties (Brassica campestris sbsp. pekinensis)

The effect of different sowing times on development and efficiency of some Chinese cabbage varieties (Brassica campestris sbsp. pekinensis)

The Effect of Different Sowing Times on Development and Efficiency of Some Broccoli Varieties Grown in Corlu Conditions

This research has been conducted in Corlu which has a harder climate than its Province, Tekirdag where a similar research had done before, in order to study the effect of different sowing times on development and efficiency of some broccoli varieties. In the study realized in 2000: 4 varieties V1 (Shogun F1), V2 (Pirate F1), V3 (Sultan F1) and V4 (Marathon F1) and 3 sowing times as July, August and September were used. While plant varieties and properties were not being effective, the sowing times were effective in the research. The average primary shoot weights of the varieties changed between 68.21-526.11 g; the average secondary shoot weights were between 8.90-30.82 g and the average secondary shoot was between 2.65-35.50 unit plant(-1). The average total plant values of the varieties per plant were determined as; with 68.34-550.17 g of efficiency values V3 (Sultan F1), V1 (Shogun F1), V4 (Marathon F1) and V2 (Pirate F1) are the most convenient varieties for Corlu Region respectively and relatively July, August and September are the most appropriate sowing times.

Effects of different sowing times on leaf scald and yield components of spring barley under dryland conditions

The effect of sowing date on severity of scald and yield components of barley was studied over 2 years, using 15-day intervals between sowing dates under dryland conditions in Turkey. Disease severity was greatest at the first sowing time, and it decreased linearly at subsequent sowing times in both years. Disease did not develop on flag and second leaves for the third sowing date, and was not observed on any leaf after the fourth and fifth dates of sowing in 2000 and 2001, respectively. After the third sowing date, a decrease in total grain yield and yield components, number of ears per plant, grains per head, and plant height was observed in both infected and control plots. Yield was also reduced by scald and resulted in total grain yield reductions of 10.1% and 6.0% for the first and second sowing dates in 2000, and 16.2%, 9.2%, and 3.0% on the first 3 sowing dates in 2001, respectively. At the first 2 sowing dates only ears per plant was decreased by scald, with respective reductions of 8.3% and 4.4% in 2000, and 14.3% and 8.5% in 2001, when compared with the control plots.