Effect Of Different Plasticizers Research Articles

Effect of plasticizer composition on the properties of injection molded cassava starch-based bioplastics

Sustainability has led to an exponential increase in the interest for using renewable resources. The abundance of starch in nature has promoted the production of starch-based bioplastics through widespread industrial techniques employed for conventional polymers, such as injection molding (IM). This research specifically aims to assess the effect of different plasticizers (i.e., glycerol, glycerol/water) on the properties of cassava (Manihot esculenta) starch bioplastics obtained through IM. Through dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and tensile tests, viscoelastic and mechanical properties of the bioplastics at different plasticizer to starch ratios (30–40 %, w/w) were analyzed. Other properties, such as water uptake capacity (WUC) or soluble matter loss were studied and related to the structure of the materials analyzed via scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The effect of relative humidity (RH) on dynamic mechanical response of bioplastics was explored. Mixed plasticizer fractions, including glycerol and water, gave rise to hardened materials with rougher surfaces that were dramatically softened at both low and high RH. The low WUC and uniform structure displayed by materials produced from cassava starch and 30 % of glycerol might be of interest for its application in food packaging due to their optimal performance with temperature at high RH (80 %).

Effects of different plasticizers on the physicochemical properties of cellulose nanocrystals-reinforced corn starch films

Effects of different plasticizers on the physicochemical properties of cellulose nanocrystals-reinforced corn starch films

Effect of Different Plasticizers on Technological Properties of a Powder Mixture of SP60KhN4D2M Steel

Effect of Different Plasticizers on Technological Properties of a Powder Mixture of SP60KhN4D2M Steel

Synergistic Effect of Two Plasticizers on Thermal Stability, Transparency, and Migration Resistance of Zinc Arginine Stabilized PVC.

The effect of different plasticizers on thermal stability, transparency, and migration resistance of the PVC stabilized with zinc arginine [Zn(Arg)2] was investigated. The thermal stability, migration resistance, and transparency of PVC with tributyl citrate (TBC) were better than PVC with dioctyl phthalate (DOP) characterized by oven aging method, migration test, and near infrared-visible-ultraviolet spectrophotometer. At the same time, the longer the carbon chain in citric acid esters, the better the thermal stability and transparency of PVC sample. The hydroxyl group in citric acid esters is helpful to improve the thermal stability of PVC samples. However, the elongation at break and Tg value of PVC containing DOP were very close to those of PVC containing TBC. The calculation results of Hansen solubility parameters also illustrated that DOP had better compatibility with PVC than TBC. Therefore, the excellent transparency and thermal stability of TBC plasticized PVC were attributed to the good compatibility between TBC and Zn(Arg)2, which was verified by the solubility test. Lastly, the mixture of dioctyl terephthalate (DOTP) and TBC was used as plasticizers for Zn(Arg)2 stabilized PVC. When the ratio of TBC and DOTP was 1:1, the transparency, thermal stability, and migration resistance of Zn(Arg)2 stabilized PVC samples were better than those of PVC plasticized by DOP or TBC alone. The mechanism was that the compatibility between Zn(Arg)2 and PVC was greatly improved by the synergetic effect of TBC and DOTP, resulting in the improvement of thermal stability, migration resistance, and transparency of PVC samples.

Preparation of a novel biodegradable film by co-fermentation of straw and shrimp shell with Aureobasidium pullulans and Photobacterium sp. LYM-1

The green and high-value recycling of shrimp shell and straw remains a worldwide problem. This study aimed to investigate the potential utilization of a fermentation broth (FB) which contains shrimp shell and straw as a new source for preparation of biodegradable films. Aureobasidium pullulans and Photobacterium sp. LYM-1 were used in the fermentation. The cellulase activity was 115.92 U/mL and chitinase activity was 17.89 U/mL in FB. The polysaccharides concentration in FB was 1.05 mg/mL after 7 days of fermentation. An eco-friendly PVA-reinforced FB biodegradable film (FBBF) was successfully prepared and the effect of different plasticizers and surfactants on the mechanical, structural, and impermeability properties of the film was determined. The formation of new bonds between PVA and FB was proved by FTIR spectroscopy. The FBBF containing 0.25 % (w/v) glycerol and 0.01 % (v/v) tween-20 showed better strength properties. Elongation and water-swelling properties were highly improved by adding 0.2 % (m/v) citric acid. According to FE-SEM images, the smooth and tight surface of citric acid added FBBF was observed. Interestingly, the FBBF film showed good heat/moisture capacity, antifungal, and degradation properties. This report reveals a new green, and high-value recycling of straw and shrimp shell by the co-fermentation with A. pullulans and Photobacterium sp. LYM-1. It is also a novel way for the preparation of biodegradable film.

Effect of Different Plasticizers on Thermal, Crystalline, and Permeability Properties of Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) Films.

Poly(3−hydroxybutyrate−co−3−hydroxyhexanoate) (PHBH) films were prepared using a cast film technique. Dioxane was chosen over other polymer solvents as it resulted in homogenous films with better morphology. Several plasticizers with different molecular weights and concentrations were added to the biopolymer solution prior to casting. Thermal, crystalline, and permeability properties were analyzed by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X−ray diffraction (XRD), and both water vapor and oxygen transmission rate analysis. In general, the addition of plasticizers decreased the glass transition temperature (Tg), cold crystallization temperatures (Tcc), melting temperatures, as well as crystallinity degrees and increased the crystallite sizes and water vapor and oxygen transmission rates. The use of isosorbide and low-molecular-weight poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) lowered the Tg around 30 °C at the highest used concentration, also being the most effective in increasing the crystallite size. When considering isosorbide and low-molecular-weight poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) as very good plasticizers for PHBH, the question of which plasticizer to use strongly relies on the desired PHBH application.

Effect of post-treatment methods and nanoparticles on the conformation of silk fibroin and their impact on electrical properties

ABSTRACT This paper investigates the effect of different plasticizers (glycerol and dextrose), post-treatment methods, and metal oxide nanoparticles, i.e. zinc oxide and copper oxide on the structural properties of silk fibroin films and their effect on electrical properties, i.e. dielectric strength. Structural properties of the silk fibroin films have been evaluated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction technique. It was found that plasticizers and post-treatment applied on the regenerated silk fibroin films have impacted the β-sheet conformation significantly. The dielectric strength of the silk fibroin films was measured using the parallel plate capacitor method and an interrelation with structural properties was observed. Nanoparticles have been introduced into the silk fibroin films as a progressive method to impart substantial effect on the dielectric strength of the silk fibroin films. However, an unexpected change in dielectric strength has been obtained. The mechanism behind the change in dielectric strength has been explored in this work.

Plasticizers and Salt Concentrations Effects on Polymer Gel Electrolytes Based on Poly (Methyl Methacrylate) for Electrochemical Applications.

This work describes the electrochemical properties of a type of PMMA-based gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs). The gel polymer electrolyte systems at a concentration of (20:80) % w/w were prepared from poly (methyl methacrylate), lithium perchlorate LiClO4 and single plasticizer propylene carbonate (PMMA-Li-PC) and a mixture of plasticizers made by propylene carbonate and ethylene carbonate in molar ratio 1:1, (PMMA-Li-PC-EC). Different salt concentrations (0.1 M, 0.5 M, 1 M, 2 M) were studied. The effect of different plasticizers (single and mixed) on the properties of gel polymer electrolytes were considered. The variation of conductivity versus salt concentration, thermal properties using DSC and TGA, anodic stability and FTIR spectroscopy were used in this study. The maximum ionic conductivity of σ = 0.031 S/cm were obtained for PMMA-Li-PC-EC with a salt concentration equal to 1 M. Ion-pairing phenomena and all ion associations were observed between lithium cations, plasticizers and host polymers through FTIR spectroscopy. The anodic stability of the PMMA-based gel polymer electrolytes was recorded up to 4 V. The glass temperatures of these electrolytes were estimated. We found they were dependent on the plasticization effect of plasticizers on the polymer chains and the increase of the salt concentration. Unexpectedly, it was determined that an unreacted PMMA monomer was present in the system, which appears to enhance ion conduction. The presence and possibly the addition of a monomer may be a technique for increasing ion conduction in other gel systems that warrants further study.

Comparative Effect of Different Plasticizers on Barrier, Mechanical, Optical, and Sorption Properties of Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose (HPMC)–Based Edible Film

Identifying ideal plasticizer is pivotal to develop a biopolymer-based edible films for food packaging. The effect of different plasticizers (glycerol, polyethylene glycol, sorbitol) on the mechanical, water vapor barrier, optical, and moisture sorption properties of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) -based flexible films was examined in this study. Mechanical properties and water vapor permeability (WVP) of films were determined using standard ASTM methods. Moisture sorption isotherm (MSI) for different HPMC films were obtained thermogravemitically and seven sorption models were fitted to experimental sorption data through nonlinear regression using curve fitting tool in MATLAB R2015b and goodness of fit of these models was compared based on Akaike information criterion (AIC). GAB model was used to determine the monolayer moisture content and heat of sorption of different films. Plasticizing efficacy of different plasticizers was significantly different for HPMC film in studied concentration range. Water vapor permeability (WVP) for native HPMC film was 0.451 g mm/kPa m2 h, which further increased to 0.972, 0.890, and 0.615 g mm/kPa m2 h when 25% (w/w of HPMC) glycerol, PEG, and sorbitol were added as plasticizers, respectively. GAB model showed an increase in monolayer moisture (M0) content with increasing plasticizer concentration and the highest M0 value was observed for glycerol-plasticized film. Added plasticizers were found to be effective in providing desirable flexibility in terms of elongation to HPMC film which is beneficial for coating and shrink wrap packaging application but adversely affect the tensile strength and transparency of film. Henderson and Oswin models were selected as the best fit model to the experimental sorption data based on AIC values. The findings from the current study would serve in selection of suitable plasticizer for HPMC-based film/coating in food packaging applications.

Effect of different plasticizers on mechanical, thermal, and barrier properties of corn starch/polyvinyl alcohol/rice husk flour based bio-composite films

Effect of different plasticizers on mechanical, thermal, and barrier properties of corn starch/polyvinyl alcohol/rice husk flour based bio-composite films

Unexpected Plasticization Effects on the Structure and Properties of Polyelectrolyte Complexed Chitosan/Alginate Materials.

This work describes the effects of different plasticizers, namely, glycerol, triacetin, and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([C2 mim][OAc]), on the structure and properties of thermomechanically processed, bulk chitosan and chitosan/alginate materials. Mechanical data shows that, for the chitosan matrix, glycerol and [C2 mim][OAc] were highly effective at reducing intra- and intermolecular forces between biopolymer chains, leading to increased ductility, while the plasticization effect of triacetin was minor. Nonetheless, this triester effectively suppressed biopolymer recrystallization, whereas [C2 mim][OAc] promoted it. In contrast, for the chitosan/alginate matrix, inclusion of triacetin resulted in increased recrystallization, higher thermal stability, and excellent mechanical properties. The triacetin assisted the interactions between biopolymer chains in this polyelectrolyte complexed system. In contrast, the chitosan/alginate material plasticized by [C2 mim][OAc] displayed the most apparent phase separation, poorest mechanical properties, and highest surface hydrophilicity, behavior associated with the disruption of polyelectrolyte complexation and hydrogen bonding between biopolymer chains. Interestingly, the formation of a “new structure” under the electron beam during microscopy imaging was observed, likely from coordination between alginate and [C2 mim][OAc]. Thus, this work has revealed the strong and unexpected effects of three different plasticizers on the hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions within chitosan/alginate polyelectrolyte complexed materials, which have potential for biomedical applications where balanced hydrophilicity and mechanical properties are required.

The Effect of Plasticizers towards the Characteristics of Methylcellulose Film Packaging

The usage of petroleum-based film packaging causes a serious environmental problem, which affects human health as well as marine life. The main objective of this study is to study the effect of different plasticizers on the methylcellulose (MC) based film food packaging. Sorbitol and red palm oil (RPO) were used as plasticizers. The films were prepared by using solution-casting method before being characterized. FTIR spectrum showed the presence of 3361 to 3305 cm−1 peak as the presence of hydroxyl group in sorbitol and 2925 cm−1 to 2853 cm−1 peak corresponded to the C-H stretches of the alkanes of RPO. All films appeared in white colour for sorbitol while yellowish for films with RPO. Tensile strength and elastic modulus decreased over increasing amount of sorbitol or RPO due to the modified interactions between the plasticizers and the chemical structure of the film. Overall, RPO can be used as the substitute of sorbitol to incorporate with MC.

The Effect of Different Plasticizers on the Characteristics of Whey Composite Edible Film

The edible film is a protective coating that could be directly applied to food products. This research aims to observe the physical characteristics of whey composite edible film with different plasticizer addition (glycerol, sorbitol, polyethylene glycol). The research was conducted as a laboratory experiment and the observed variables were film thickness, tensile strength, elongation at break, water vapor transmission rate (WVTR), and followed with microstructure observation. The research was conducted in a completely randomized design and analyzed with analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed with the least significant difference (LSD) test. The physical measurement of the edible film showed that the thickness was at 0.0286-0.0308 mm, the tensile strength was at 5.72-8.20 N, the elongation at break was around 28.66-57.5%, and the WVTR was at 7.63-7.96 g/m 2 .day. Moreover, the microstructure observation showed that the molecules in the edible film were evenly distributed.

Effects of different plasticizers on highly crosslinked NaAlg/PSSAMA membranes for pervaporative dehydration of tert-butanol

Polystyrene sulfonic acid-co-maleic acid (PSSAMA) crosslinked sodium alginate (NaAlg) membranes were developed by incorporating diethyl phthalate (DEP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and dioctyl phthalate (DOP).

Mechanical and Adhesive Properties of Ploy(ethylene glycerol) Diacrylate Based Hydrogels Plasticized with PEG and Glycerol

Using polyethylene glycol(PEG) or glycerol as the plasticizer, we synthesized the hydrogels from poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate(PEGDA), polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP) and poly(vinyl alcohol)(PVA) under UV radiation. The effects of different plasticizers on the mechanical properties and adhesion properties of the hydrogels were investigated. The results show that the plasticizer can improve the elongation and peeling force. The most pronounced changes in the tensile property of the hydrogels are due to the addition of glycerol followed by PEG, the lower the plasticizer’s molecular weight, the greater its effect. The maximum peeling force is 0.317 or 0.257 N with PEG or glycerol as plasticizer, respectively, and their adhesion properties are due to the formation of hydrogen bonds.

Editorial

Carbon paste electrode (MCPE) modified with novel Carboxymethyl chitosan/poly(1-cyanoethanoyl-4-acryloyl thiosemcarbazide) copolymers (CMCS-PCEATS) was prepared for determination of iron(II). The interaction between the modifier (CMCS-PCEATS) and iron(II) ions at the electrode surface was characterized using scanning electron microscope (SEM), the energy dispersive X-ray analyzer (EDX) and FTIR. Effect of different plasticizers (TCP, o-NPOE, FPNPE, DBP, DOP and DOS) and content of modifier were studied. The best performance was obtained with the electrodes plasticized with FPNPE (electrode I) and TCP (electrode II)·Under the optimized conditions, the electrodes reveal Nernstian slopes of 30.21 ± 0.31 and 30.17 ± 42 mV decade− 1 over a wide concentration range from 1.0 × 10− 7 to 1.0 × 10− 1 mol L− 1 with a detection limit of 1.0 × 10− 7 mol L− 1at pH range from 3 to 8 for electrodes I and II. The paste is enough stable for 37 days without any measurable divergence in the potential. This method was successfully applied for potentiometric determination of iron (II) in pharmaceutical and water samples, and the results obtained agreed with those obtained with spectrophotometer and inductive coupled plasma (ICP). The thermal stability as well as the antimicrobial activity of the MCPE and MCPE‑iron(II) were also studied. The results illustrated that MCPE‑iron(II) was thermally stable over wide range of temperature than MCPE and it has higher antibacterial activity against Streptococcus aureus, Salmonella SP., Escherichia coli and antifungal activity against Candida albicans.

Role of plasticizer and dispersion methods on the properties of poly(vinyl chloride) and clay nanocomposites

This article evaluates the effects of different plasticizers and mixture methods of clay dispersion in a poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) matrix. Three plasticizers were employed: dioctyl adipate (DOA), dioctyl phthalate (DOP), and a green plasticizer (poly‐ɛ‐caprolactone [PCL]). The effect of clay pre‐dispersion in plasticizers was also evaluated using two mixing methods: sonication and mechanical mixture. A heterogenic dispersion of the clay in the PVC matrix and different plasticization regions were observed in thermal properties and in morphology results. However, it was observed that pre‐dispersion decreased clay agglomerates size and some intercalated/exfoliated regions were also found. The clay addition increased 5% on Young's modulus for PVC/DOP with clay dispersion using sonication methods and 10% for PVC/PCL without clay dispersion. The DOA addition led to a decrease in Young's modulus. According to these results, it can be reasoned that clay pre‐dispersion in plasticizers may facilitate intercalation, but does not eliminate all clay agglomerates, and the morphology and plasticizer type influence mechanical properties of plasticized PVC/clay. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 24:E172–E176, 2018. © 2018 Society of Plastics Engineers

Physico-chemical properties and characterization of iron (II) electrochemical sensor based on carbon paste electrode modified with novel antimicrobial Carboxymethyl chitosan-graft-poly(1-cyanoethanoyl-4-acryloyl-thiosemcarbazide) copolymers

Carbon paste electrode (MCPE) modified with novel Carboxymethyl chitosan/poly(1-cyanoethanoyl-4-acryloyl thiosemcarbazide) copolymers (CMCS-PCEATS) was prepared for determination of iron(II). The interaction between the modifier (CMCS-PCEATS) and iron(II) ions at the electrode surface was characterized using scanning electron microscope (SEM), the energy dispersive X-ray analyzer (EDX) and FTIR. Effect of different plasticizers (TCP, o-NPOE, FPNPE, DBP, DOP and DOS) and content of modifier were studied. The best performance was obtained with the electrodes plasticized with FPNPE (electrode I) and TCP (electrode II)·Under the optimized conditions, the electrodes reveal Nernstian slopes of 30.21±0.31 and 30.17±42mVdecade−1 over a wide concentration range from 1.0×10−7 to 1.0×10−1molL−1 with a detection limit of 1.0×10−7molL−1at pH range from 3 to 8 for electrodes I and II. The paste is enough stable for 37days without any measurable divergence in the potential. This method was successfully applied for potentiometric determination of iron (II) in pharmaceutical and water samples, and the results obtained agreed with those obtained with spectrophotometer and inductive coupled plasma (ICP). The thermal stability as well as the antimicrobial activity of the MCPE and MCPE‑iron(II) were also studied. The results illustrated that MCPE‑iron(II) was thermally stable over wide range of temperature than MCPE and it has higher antibacterial activity against Streptococcus aureus, Salmonella SP., Escherichia coli and antifungal activity against Candida albicans.

Comparison of the Effect of Plasticizers on PHBV—and Organoclay—Based Biodegradable Polymer Nanocomposites

The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of different plasticizers on the morphology, crystallization, and mechanical properties of poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV)/organomodified montmorillonite (OMt) nanocomposites. We investigated three different plasticizers: dioctyl phthalate (DOP), a commonly used additive in the polymer industry, and two natural and biodegradable plasticizers: epoxidized soybean oil (ESO) and triethyl citrate (TEC). The nanocomposites with 3 wt% OMt were obtained by melt processing in an internal mixer. The plasticizers were used alone or in combination with clay in a concentration of 10 wt%. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy results revealed a partially intercalated structure. The degree of crystallinity was higher for all of the samples compared to neat PHBV, although the melting temperature decreased with the use of plasticizers combined with OMt. The impact strength results were dependent on the interaction between the components of the system. Triethyl citrate was the most effective plasticizer due to its more pronounced interaction with the PHBV matrix, which yielded improvements in processing conditions and PHBV’s flexibility and impact properties.

Effect of plasticizers on the physico-mechanical properties of pullulan based pharmaceutical oral films

The effect of different plasticizers (glycerol, vitamin E TPGS and triacetin) and their concentrations on the physico-mechanical properties of pullulan based oral films was studied. A full factorial (32) design of experiments was used. Elastic modulus, tensile strength, elongation at break and disintegration time were selected as response variables. Modulated differential scanning calorimeter (MDSC) was used for determining glass transition temperature (Tg) of pullulan films. The surface morphology of films was evaluated by SEM, while ATR-FTIR was used to obtain a molecular level understanding of polymer-plasticizer interactions. The DoE analysis allowed for the modelling of tensile strength and elongation at break. The highest elongations were observed in glycerol at 20% w/w. Majority of the films disintegrated within one minute without significant differences. ATR-FTIR spectra of pullulan alone and different plasticizer blend films show characteristic molecular interactions. The present study concluded that glycerol is suitable plasticizer compared to others for manufacturing pullulan based oral films.