Effects Of Different Forest Types Research Articles

Effects of different forest types on soil microbial biomass and enzyme activities in degraded red soil of subtropical region

Effects of different forest types on soil microbial biomass and enzyme activities in degraded red soil of subtropical region

Effects of Different Forest Types on Stoichiometric Characteristics of Carbon, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus in Tropical Soils, China

The stoichiometric characteristics of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) in soil can directly reflect the level of soil fertility. In this study, a secondary forest, two kinds of plantation forests (Dacrycarpus imbricatus and Pinus caribaea Morelet), and a primary forest in tropical areas were selected for soil sample collection and analysis. We found that the soil [leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) + β-N-acetylglucosidase (NAG)]/acid phosphatase (APho) value was less than 1, indicating that there was P limitation. In addition, we also found that compared with primary forest, the β-glucosidase (BG) activity and (LAP + NAG) activity of the secondary forest were lower, and the microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) contents were higher. The contents of total nitrogen (TN) and MBN in the Dacrycarpus imbricatus forest soil were significantly higher than those in the primary forest, but the activity of (LAP + NAG) was lower. The structural equation model showed that the factors that significantly affected the total nutrients were the available nutrients (0.396**) and the enzyme activities (0.600**). For the long-term requirements of sustainable development, ecological adjustment and soil nutrient optimization of plantations should be carried out scientifically.

Evaluating BFASTMonitor Algorithm in Monitoring Deforestation Dynamics in Coniferous and Deciduous Forests with LANDSAT Time Series: A Case Study on Marmara Region, Turkey

Time series analysis combined with remote sensing data allows for the study of abrupt changes in the environment due to significant and severe disturbances such as deforestation, agricultural activities, fires, and urban expansion, as well as gradual changes such as climate variability and forest degradation in the ecosystem. The precision of any change detection analysis is highly dependent upon its ability to separate actual changes and fluctuations on a seasonal scale. One of the efficient methods in this context is using the Breaks for Additive Seasonal and Trend (BFAST) set of algorithms. This study aims to perform a comprehensive and comparative evaluation of different Vis’ performance in forest degradation with the Landsat 8 images and BFASTMonitor approach. Through evaluation, the study also considers the potential effects of different forest types and deforestation scales in the Marmara region of Turkey. For this purpose, the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI), Normalized Difference Moisture Index (NDMI), and Normalized Burn Ratio (NBR) vegetation indices (VI) were selected for a comparative evaluation. The overall accuracy of VIs in deciduous forests was around 85% for NDVI, NDMI, and NBR, and 78.80% for EVI, while in coniferous forests, the overall accuracy demonstrated higher values of about 88% for NDVI, NDMI, and EVI, and 87.28% for NBR. Consequently, water-sensitive VIs that utilize shortwave infrared bands proved to be slightly more sensitive in detecting forest disturbances while chlorophyll-sensitive VIs represented lower accuracy for both forest types. Overall, all VIs faced an underestimation error in deforested area detection that was observable through negative BIAS. The results illuminate that BFASTMonitor can be considered as a tool in monitoring forest environments due to its acceptable deforestation determination capability in deciduous and coniferous forests, with slightly higher performance for small-scale deforestation patterned regions.

Effects of Forest Types on SOC and DOC in the Permafrost Region of the Daxing’anling Mountains

There is a “symbiotic relationship” between permafrost and the forest ecosystem; the melted permafrost provides sufficient water for forest growth, and the forest ecosystem plays an important role in protecting the permafrost. Aiming to study the effects of different forest types on soil organic carbon (SOC) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in the permafrost region of the Daxing’anling Mountains, this research focuses on the soil of the three forest types of pinus sylvestris var. mongolica forest, larch forest, and birch forest in Beiji Village, Mohe County, Daxing’anling Region, and collected vertical profile soil samples from the three soil layers of 0–10, 10–20, and 20–30 cm at three different sites types (upslope, mesoslope, and downslope) in August 2017. The results show that the forest type is the main influencing factor for the content of SOC and DOC. The site type has a significant effect on the content of SOC and DOC in the three forest types, but the difference varies slightly (p > 0.05). The content of SOC and DOC is negatively correlated with the depth of the soil layer of the vertical profile. The geodetector data analysis shows that there are significant differences (p < 0.05) among the contents of SOC and DOC in the three forest types. In conclusion, this study contributes to an in-depth understanding of carbon storage, the carbon dynamics of SOC, and the effects of different forest types on carbon balance in permafrost regions, and it provides a scientific basis for the study of the carbon cycle mechanism in permafrost regions.

Effects of Urban Forest Types and Traits on Soil Organic Carbon Stock in Beijing

Forests can affect soil organic carbon (SOC) quality and distribution through forest types and traits. However, much less is known about the influence of urban forests on SOC, especially in the effects of different forest types, such as coniferous and broadleaved forests. Our objectives were to assess the effects of urban forest types on the variability of SOC content (SOC concentration (SOCC) and SOC density (SOCD)) and determine the key forest traits influencing SOC. Data from 168 urban forest plots of coniferous or broadleaved forests located in the Beijing urban area were used to predict the effects of forest types and traits on SOC in three different soil layers, 0–10 cm, 10–20 cm, and 20–30 cm. The analysis of variance and multiple comparisons were used to test the differences in SOC between forest types or layers. Partial least squares regression (PLSR) was used to explain the influence of forest traits on SOC and select the significant predictors. Our results showed that in urban forests, the SOCC and SOCD values of the coniferous forest group were both significantly higher than those of the broadleaved group. The SOCC of the surface soil was significantly higher than those of the following two deep layers. In PLSR models, 42.07% of the SOCC variance and 35.83% of the SOCD variance were explained by forest traits. Diameter at breast height was selected as the best predictor variable by comparing variable importance in projection (VIP) scores in the models. The results suggest that forest types and traits could be used as an optional approach to assess the organic carbon stock in urban forest soils. This study found substantial effects of urban forest types and traits on soil organic carbon sequestration, which provides important data support for urban forest planning and management.

Modeling the Effect of Different Forest Types on Water Balance in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area in China, with CoupModel

Precipitation, throughfall, stemflow, and soil water content were measured, whereas interception, transpiration, evaporation, deep percolation, and soil water recharge were estimated in three plots, including oak (Lithocarpus glaber), Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) forestlands, and maize (Zea mays) farmland in the Three Gorges Reservoir in China. A physical process-based model (CoupModel) was set up with climatic measurements as input and was calibrated with throughfall and vertical frequency domain reflectometry measurements from January 2018 to December 2019. Simulated values of soil moisture were fairly consistent with measured ones, with a determination coefficient (R2) of 0.73–0.91. Evapotranspiration was the main output of water balance, with a percentage of up to 61%, and such output was ranked as follows: oak forest (720 mm/y) > Chinese fir forest (700 mm/y) > maize farmland (600 mm/y). Afforestation influenced water balance, and water recharge was generally less significant in oak forestland than in Chinese fir forestland. Annual simulated deep percolation decreased by 60 mm for oak and 47 mm for Chinese fir compared with that for farmland (452 mm/y) and even more significantly in wet years. This decrease was mainly attributed to increased interception (122–159 mm/y) and transpiration (49–84 mm/y) after afforestation. Simulations indicated that vegetation species significantly influenced the magnitude of water balance components, calling for further attention to the selection of regrown tree species in the planning for afforestation projects, particularly for such projects that aim to improve the quantity of water infiltrating groundwater. Soil and water conservation measures should also be applied scientifically when converting farmland to forest in this area, particularly in the oak forest stand.

Modeling of tree height–diameter relationships in the Atlantic Forest: effect of forest type on tree allometry

Tree height is one of the most important variables for quantitative assessment of forest stocks, but it is difficult to directly measure. Such allometric relationships of trees can vary between geographical regions, however, mainly due to climatic, edaphic, and floristic gradients. Based on the hypothesis that different forest types influence the generic modeling of tree height–diameter relationships on geographical scales, this study aimed to (i) fit equations to estimate tree height in Atlantic Forest types in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; (ii) compare efficiency and precision between generic and specific equations for forest types; and (iii) test the effect of different forest types and species on the height–diameter relationship. Four allometric models were tested for all forests (generic) and three main forest types (specific). Effects of tree size, forest types, and species on tree height estimation were analyzed using multiple linear models and mixed-effect linear models. A significant effect of forest type and species on tree height was seen, showing the need to apply local specific equations to minimize the effects that are not captured by generic equations. Differences in tree allometry between forest types were associated with temperature, rainfall, soil, and forest structure. These results confirm the effect of the local environment on the height–diameter relationship of trees as found over large scales in tropical forests.

The Effect of Different Forest Types on Litter Quality and Soil Enzyme Activity in the Vaz Forest of Noor-Mazandaran Province

The Effect of Different Forest Types on Litter Quality and Soil Enzyme Activity in the Vaz Forest of Noor-Mazandaran Province

The Effect of Different Forest Types on Soil Properties and Biodiversity of Grassland Cover and Regeneration in Central Hyrcanian Forests (Case Study: Seri-Alandan-Sari)

The Effect of Different Forest Types on Soil Properties and Biodiversity of Grassland Cover and Regeneration in Central Hyrcanian Forests (Case Study: Seri-Alandan-Sari)

Relationship between forest city landscape pattern and thermal environment: A case study of Longquan City, China.

The differentiation characteristics of landscape pattern affect the urban thermal environment. In this study, temperature characteristics of nine types of landscape in a national forest city, Longquan City, were analyzed by temperature inversion method and spatial analysis. The landscape pattern analysis method was used to explore the correlation of landscape metrics and the thermal environment from 1 km to 3.5 km. The results showed that the high and sub-high temperature zones of Longquan City were distributed in northeast-southwest, mainly composed of urban and rural residential areas. The low and sub-low temperature zone were mainly distributed in the northwest and southeast areas, mainly composed of public welfare forests. By calculating the mean land surface temperature of each landscape type in the area below 700 m above sea level, the temperature of coniferous forest, broadleaf forest, conifer-broadleaf forest, bamboo forest and water was relatively low, whereas that of shrub land, other forest land, cultivated land and construction land was relatively high. Through the analysis of landscape pattern and thermal environment, it was found that the class pattern index was more practical than the landscape pattern index. The correlation between thermal environment effect and construction land distribution reached 0.835, coniferous forest land, broadleaf forest land, coniferous-broadleaf forest land and water were the second, up to -0.5 to -0.4. The cooling effects of different forest types vaied across different spatial scales. Broadleaved forests and coniferous-broadleaved forests were more conducive to cooling at large scales. The larger the area and volume stock of forest land, the more likely it had the lowest land surface temperature.

Plant richness pattern in an elevation gradient in the Eastern Himalaya

In spite of many theoretical explanations, the plant richness pattern along the mountain elevation gradient is still debatable. Here we considered East district of Sikkim state in the Eastern Himalaya to study plant richness pattern of vascular plants along an elevation gradient of 500–3300 m at 100, 200 and 300 m elevation steps. The study evaluates species-area relationships along the elevation gradient, spread over four major forest types i.e., low (tropical to sub-tropical, up to 900 m), middle (subtropical, 750–1500 m), upper (wet temperate, 1500–2700 m) and Rhododendron-Conifer Zone (cold temperate/sub-alpine, 2700–3600 m) with 664 species from 367 genera and 131 families. Pteridium aquilinum was found to be the most diverse species occurring in all 28-elevation steps along 500–3300 m, followed by Polystichum lentum, Polygonum runcinatum and Nephrolepis cordifolia those occured in 23 elevation steps. In general, a hump shaped pattern was observed for plant richness of all life forms along the elevation gradient. The peaks became prominent, with the increase in scale of extent from 100 m (R2 = 50%) to 300 m (R2 = 78%) through 200 m (R2 = 55%) elevation steps, using 2nd order polynomial fitting. The reduction in tree height and richness was noticed beyond 2300 m allowing dominance of herbs owing to climatic constraints. Using generalized additive model, temperature could explain the maximum deviance of > 47%. Soil explained 36.4% deviance, followed by precipitation (21.6% deviance) in the plant richness. However, the ecotone effect of different forest types explained the mid-elevation peaks in plant richness more prominently than the geographic area availability. Further, inclusion of disturbance and biotic interactions may improve ecological understandings on the plant richness pattern along the elevation gradient.

不同林型对中小型土壤动物多样性的影响

不同林型对中小型土壤动物多样性的影响

Effect of different forest types and populations on drupe morphometric characters of teak, Tectona grandis L f in India

Effect of different forest types and populations on drupe morphometric characters of teak, <i>Tectona grandis</i> L f in India

Year-to-year variation in the density of Ixodes ricinus ticks and the prevalence of the rodent-associated human pathogens Borrelia afzelii and B. miyamotoi in different forest types

The human pathogens Borrelia afzelii, which causes Lyme borreliosis and B. miyamotoi, which causes relapsing fever, both circulate between Ixodes ricinus ticks and rodents. The spatiotemporal dynamics in the prevalence of these pathogens have not yet been fully elucidated, but probably depend on the spatiotemporal population dynamics of small rodents. We aimed to evaluate the effect of different forest types on the density of infected nymphs in different years and to obtain more knowledge about the spatial and temporal patterns of ticks and tick-borne pathogens. We analysed unfed nymphal ticks from 22 stands of four different forest types in Belgium in 2009, 2010, 2013 and 2014 and found that the density of nymphs in general and the density of nymphs infected with B. afzelii and B. miyamotoi varied yearly, but without temporal variation in the infection prevalence. The yearly variation in density of infected nymphs in our study thus seems to be caused most by the variation in the density of nymphs, which makes it a good predictor of disease risk. The risk for rodent-associated tick-borne diseases also varied between forest types. We stress the need to elucidate the contribution of the host community composition to tick-borne disease risk.

Analysis of the Psychological Relaxation Effects of Different Forest Types and User

Analysis of the Psychological Relaxation Effects of Different Forest Types and User

藏东南色季拉山西坡土壤有机碳库研究

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 藏东南色季拉山西坡土壤有机碳库研究 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201202170210 作者: 作者单位: 西藏农牧学院高原生态研究所,西藏农牧学院高原生态研究所,西藏农牧学院资源与环境学院,西藏农牧学院资源与环境学院 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金资助项目(41061033);国家林业局林芝森林生态系统定位研究项目 Soil organic carbon pool at the western side of the sygera mountains, southeast Tibet, China Author: Affiliation: Research Institute of Plateau Ecology,Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry College Tibet,Research Institute of Plateau Ecology,Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry College Tibet,Faculty of Forest Resources and Environmental Science,Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry College Tibet,Faculty of Forest Resources and Environmental Science,Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry College Tibet Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:土壤碳是森林生态系统最大的碳库,是其碳循环的极其重要组分。土壤微生物生物量是陆地生态系统碳循环的重要组成部分。为探讨不同森林植被类型对土壤活性有机碳库的影响,以西藏色季拉山(西坡)的高山灌丛(Alpine shrub, AS)、杜鹃林(Rhododendron forest, RF)、急尖长苞冷杉林(Abies georgei var. smithii forest, AGSF)和林芝云杉林(Picea likiangensis var. linzhiensis forest, PLLF)为试验对象,研究了林地土壤有机碳、总氮含量及微生物生物量。结果表明:高海拔植被类型具有较高的土壤活性有机碳含量和分配比例。土壤总有机碳表现在0-10cm均差异显著;在10-20cm和20-40cm 无规律性(P＜0.05)。土壤全氮表现在0-10cm AS均差异显著,而RF、AGSF和PLLF差异不显著;在10-20cm AS、RF、AGSF与PLLF均相差显著;在20-40cm AS、RF、AGSF与PLLF均相差不显著(P＜0.05)。土壤微生物量碳含量与土壤总有机碳含量关系密切,呈显著的正相关。土壤微生物生物量氮含量和比例随微生物生物量碳含量和比例增加而增加。色季拉山土壤微生物量碳含量均随海拔升高而增加。在不同植被类型的生态系统中,土壤总有机碳含量、土壤颗粒有机碳和土壤易氧化碳含量均呈现出随土层深度增加而递减的变化趋势。土壤颗粒有机碳含量占土壤总有机碳含量和土壤易氧化有机碳含量占土壤总有机碳含量的比率范围不同,且随土层深度增加比率减小。土壤活性有机碳与土壤总有机碳显著相关,土壤易氧化有机碳与颗粒有机碳的相关系也比较显著(P＜0.05)。 Abstract:AS a key component of ecosystem carbon budgets, soil carbon is the largest carbon pool of forest ecosystem. Soil microbial biomass carbon is an important component of carbon cycle of the terrestrial ecosystem. In order to explore the effects of different forest types on soil active carbon pool, we chosed Alpine Shrub AS,Rhododendron Forest RF,Abies georgei var. smithii forest AGSF and Picea likiangensis var. linzhiensis forest PLLF as experimental sites in the Sygera Mountainous southeast Tibet. Soil organic carbon SOC, total nitrogen TN and soil microbial biomass were studied at different soil horizon. There is higher LOC(labile organic carbon)at higher-elevation vegetation types in comparison with lower-elevation ones. At 0-10cm soil layer, SOC among the AS, RF, AGST and PLLF were significantly different P＜0.05. However, no trend was found for SOC at 10-20cm and 20-40cm. At the AS site, TN were significantly different at 0-10cm soil layer P＜0.05. There were no significant difference for the AS, RF, AGST and PLLF sites P＜0.05. At 10-20cm soil layer, there were significant difference for them(P＜0.05). However, no regularity was found for SOC at 20-40cm. At different depths, the soil microbial biomass was significantly correlated to soil organic carbon. The SMBC and SMBN was positively correlated with SOC, and the SMBN or its ratio was also positively correlated with the SMBC content and its ratio. The SMBC and SMBN increase with increasing elevationt in the Sygera Mountains. As shown, the total SOC, readily oxidizable carbon and particulate organic carbon decreased with increasing soil horizons. The rations of particulate organic carbon to total SOC content and the readily oxidizable carbon to total SOC content were different in their range. Moreover, their ratios decreased with increasing soil horizons. The active SOC was significantly related to total SOC. In addition, the relationship between readily oxidizable carbon and particulate organic carbon was also significant P＜0.05. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Seed development, yield and quality of two palm species growing in different tropical forest types in SE Brazil: implications for ecological restoration

Natural forest remnants have been set as seed production fields to supply seeds of native tree species for tropical forest restoration, but the effect of different forest types on seed production has not been accessed to date for palm species. In this work, we studied seed development, yield, and quality of two palm species in different tropical forest types in SE Brazil. Seed production of palmiteiro (Euterpe edulis) and queen-palm (Syagrus romanzoffiana), which are largely used in restoration efforts due to their importance for vertebrate frugivores, were studied in natural remnants of Atlantic Rainforest, Restinga Forest, Seasonally Dry Forest, and Cerrado Forest. We studied seed development, yield, size, and germination of seed lots produced in some of these forest types, including seeds harvested in 2008, 2009, and both years. Seed yield and quality, as well as seed dry mass in 2009, were higher for palmiteiro seeds produced in the Atlantic Rainforest, while queen-palm seeds produced at the Restinga Forest showed the higher mass and yield, but the lowest physiological potential. Consequently, these natural differences of seed yield and quality have to be taken into account for establishing standards for seed commercialization and analysis, seed pricing, and seedling production in forest nurseries.

Structure and distribution of enchytraeid communities from Mountain Changbaishan in China, with emphasis on the influence of environmental variables

Enchytraeids are an important group of soil animals, which plays a key role in many ecosystems. However, the ecological studies related to this group have not still been conducted in China. The effect of different forest types on community, and the influence of environmental variables on faunal distributional patterns were investigated in Changbaishan Mountain Natural Reserve (CMNR) in northeastern China. Altogether 30 enchytraeid species belonging to 8 genera were identified, among which, Fridericia was the species-richest group, followed by Henlea and Mesenchytraeus. Mesenchytraeus, Henlea, Fridericia and Bryodrilus were the numerically dominant genera. The most abundant species were Mesenchytraeus monodiverticulus, Mesenchytraeus megachaetus, Fridericia vixdiverticulata and Fridericia bretshceri. There were no significant differences in total enchytraeid richness and abundance across five forest types. However, significant differences were detected in major genera. Bryodrilus had higher species number and abundance in spruce-fir forests compared to other forest types. Fridericia spp. mainly occurred in hardwood forest, Henlea spp. in mixed forest, and Mesenchytraeus spp. in higher altitude regions. The depth of litter layer was strongly correlated with the faunal gradient revealed by canonical correspondence analysis. Other predictor variables were altitude, soil moisture and the content of potassium.

Active organic carbon pool of coniferous and broad-leaved forest soils in the mountainous areas of Beijing

In order to explore the effects of different forest types on active soil carbon pool, the amounts and density of soil organic carbon (SOC) were studied at different soil horizons under typical coniferous and broad-leaved forests in the mountainous area of Beijing. The results showed that the amount of total SOC, readily oxidizable carbon and particulate organic carbon decreased with increasing depths of soil horizons and the amounts at depths of 0–10 cm and 10–20 cm in broad-leaved forest was clearly higher than that in coniferous forests. The trend of a decrease in SOC density with increasing depth of the soil horizon was similar to that of the amount of SOC. However, no regular trend was found for SOC density at different depths between coniferous forest and broad-leaved forests. The ratio of readily oxidizable carbon to total amount of SOC ranged from 0.36–0.45 and the ratio of particulate organic carbon to total amount of SOC from 0.28–0.73; the ratios decreased with increasing depths of soil horizons. Active SOC was significantly correlated with total SOC; the relationship between readily oxidizable carbon and particulate organic carbon was significant. A broad-leaved forest may produce more SOC than a coniferous forest.

Soil soluble organic nitrogen and active microbial characteristics under adjacent coniferous and broadleaf plantation forests

Soil soluble organic nitrogen (SON) is considered as a sensitive indicator of soil nitrogen (N) status and plays an important role in N cycling in forest ecosystems. Most work on forest soil SON to date has been conducted in temperate areas. The information about soil SON pools and dynamics in tropical and subtropical areas is limited. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different forest types on soil SON availability and associated microbial properties. Soil samples were collected at two depths (0–20 and 20–40 cm) from adjacent 12-year-old plantation forests of coniferous Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb) Hook; Coniferous Fir), coniferous–broadleaf mixed species of broadleaf Nagai Podocarpus and coniferous Pond cypress (mixed species), and broadleaf Phoebe nanmu (broadleaf Phoebe) in subtropical China. Three extraction methods (water, hot water, and 2 M KCl) were used for measurements of SON. Soil microbial biomass carbon (C) and N and activities of urease, protease, and l-asparaginase were also measured. Hot water and KCl extractable SON pools were greater in the surface soils (0–20 cm) under the broadleaf Phoebe than under the Coniferous Fir, while those under the mixed species were intermediate. The microbial biomass C and N as well as activities of protease and urease were higher in the soils under the broadleaf Phoebe and mixed species than under the Coniferous Fir. Soluble organic C and SON pools were positively related to soil total C and N and microbial biomass C and microbial biomass N. Activities of urease, protease, and asparaginase were highly correlated with SONw, SONhw, and SONKCl. This work has demonstrated that forest type had significant impacts on the pool size of soil SON. This may be attributed to the different quantity and quality of organic inputs from different forest systems. Positive relationships between microbial biomass and enzyme activities with the SON pools clearly demonstrated that microbial communities play a vital role in the dynamics of soil SON in forest ecosystems. It is recommended that soil SON measured by hot water extraction be incorporated into the routine measurement of soil available N in forest ecosystems. Further study on the role of specific microbial functional groups in the SON transformation and the chemical nature and seasonal dynamics of SON pools in forest ecosystems is warranted.