Effect Of Different Body Positions Research Articles

Body Positions Alter Hemodynamics and Respiration in Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Objective Different body positions can exert both positive and negative physiological effects on hemodynamics and respiration. This study aims to conduct a literature review and examine hemodynamic and respiratory alterations to different body positions.Methods The study protocol was registered with the International Prospective Registry of Systematic Reviews (register no. CRD42021291464). Two independent reviewers evaluated the methodological quality of all included studies using the Down and Black checklist, while the quality of evidence was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations approach. The overall effects of different body positions were reported from random effects meta-analysis.Results Three studies with low risk of bias and ten with high risk of bias met the eligibility criteria. The supine resulted in the highest cardiac output compared to the 70 deg head-up tilt, sitting, and standing positions (very low- to moderate-quality evidences) and the lowest systemic vascular resistance compared to the 70 deg head-up tilt and standing positions (moderate-quality evidence). Additionally, the supine was associated with the highest total respiratory resistance compared to the 70 deg head-up tilt, left lateral, and standing positions (very low-to moderate-quality evidence) and higher alveolar ventilation than the prone (low-quality evidence).Conclusions The supine position has the most positive association with hemodynamic variables, resulting in the highest cardiac output and the lowest systemic vascular resistance. The upright positions (70 deg head-up tilt and standing positions) has the most positive association with the respiratory variables, resulting in the lowest total respiratory resistance.

The Effect Of Dıfferent Body Posıtıons On Calf Blood Pressure: A Cross-Sectional Study

The calf area is an alternative measurement site when blood pressure cannot be measured at the arm. To determine the effects of different body positions on calf blood pressure readings in healthy young students. A total of 100 healthy young students who agreed to participate in the study were randomly selected. The study was carried out in Aydın Adnan Menderes University Nursing Faculty. In all participants, blood pressure was measured in four positions: supine, prone, right lateral, and left lateral recumbent. All measurements were performed three times at 1-min intervals, and the results were compared. There was no statistically significant difference between the systolic and diastolic blood pressure measurements in the supine and prone positions (p>0.05). The systolic blood pressure value was significantly lower in the left lateral recumbent position than in the other positions (p

The Effects Of Different Body Positions On Pulmonary Functions In Adolescent Football Players

The present study aims to examine the effects of different body positions on pulmonary functions in adolescent football players. Twenty-three healthy male football players who did not have any diseases and who did not smoke participated in the study voluntarily. Pulmonary function tests (PFT) were determined by using a spirometer. Measurements were performed in sitting, standing and supine positions to determine the effect of body positions on pulmonary functions. One-way analysis of variance in repeated measurements was used to compare the mean differences in respiratory function variables in three different body positions, and Bonferroni correction test was used to determine in which position the difference existed. All statistics were performed in SPSS 26.0 package program. As a result of the applications, FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, FEFmax and MVV parameters measured while sitting and standing were found to be statistically significantly higher than the supine position (p0.05). Highest mean values were reached in FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, FEFmax, SVC parameters while sitting, in IC capacity in supine position and in MVV capacity in standing position. As a result, it was found that different body positions affect pulmonary function parameters significantly. It is thought that the preferred position should be taken into account when interpreting the PFT measurement results.

The effect of different body positions on the cardiothoracic ratios obtained by chest radiography in Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata) and rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta).

Although some studies have reported cardiac diseases in macaques, an adequate screening method for cardiac enlargement has not yet been established. This study aimed to evaluate the positioning of macaques for radiographs and establish reference intervals for the cardiothoracic ratio (CTR). We developed a device for chest radiography in the sitting position and performed chest radiography in 50 Japanese and 48 rhesus macaques to evaluate the CTR and chest cavity size. In Japanese and rhesus macaques, the thorax height was significantly larger, the heart width was significantly smaller, and the mean CTR was significantly smaller in the sitting position than in the prone position. The reference intervals for CTR in the sitting position were 51.6 ± 4.6% and 52.2 ± 5.1% in Japanese and rhesus macaques, respectively. Thoracic radiographic images obtained in a sitting position resulted in a smaller CTR and a larger thorax height, which could be useful for detecting pulmonary and cardiac abnormalities.

Positioning for acute respiratory distress in hospitalised infants and children.

Positioning for acute respiratory distress in hospitalised infants and children.

TO STUDY THE EFFECT OF BODY POSITIONS ON OXYGEN SATURATION AND PEFR IN POST CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS GRAFT PATIENTS

CABG is the most common type of heart surgery. Reduced pulmonary functions and oxygen saturation are common postoperative complications. Body positions tends to show effect on peak expiratory ow rate and oxygen saturation .so, in this study we have observed effects of different body positions in values of PEFR and oxygen saturation for better recovery from post-operative complications. Objective was to evaluate the differences in values of PEFR and oxygen saturation in different body positions (supine, erect sitting, three quarter sitting, standing). Method: the study design was observational cross-sectional study. 30 subjects of age group 40-70 years were selected through random sampling technique. PEFR and oxygen saturation values were checked on post-operative day 3.subjects were allocated each position for 15 min and then values were recorded. the study results Results: indicated that standing position shows highest PEFR value (340.67 liters/min) and best oxygen saturation (97.53), supine position shows lowest PEFR value (183.00 liters/min) and lowest oxygen saturation (93.43). Difference in between the body positions three quarter sitting, sitting and supine were signicant (p<0.005) when compared with standing. The study concluded that standing position leads to highest PEFR a Conclusion: nd oxygen saturation value and supine position leads to lowest value of PEFR and oxygen saturation. So standing should be considered as best therapeutic position.

The Effect of Different Body Positions on Endotracheal Tube Cuff Pressure in Patients under Mechanical Ventilation.

Introduction: Maintaining endotracheal tube intracuff pressure (ETTICP) within an optimal range is crucial for effective ventilation and prevention of aspiration. This study aimed to determine the effect of changing body position on ETTICP in patients under mechanical ventilation.Methods: In the current single-group study, each patient was taken as his/her own control. Thirty patients who met the inclusion criteria were selected as the study sample. First, the patients were placed in a supine (flat) position, head of the bed was raised to 30 degrees, and ETTICP was set at 25 cmH2 O as the baseline. Then, the ETTICP changes in the three positions (left lateral, right lateral, and semi-fowler) were compared with the baseline. Interventions were made on a random basis among the patients. Data were analyzed by repeated-measures ANOVA using SPSS version 13.Results: There was a significant difference among ETTICP means in three different body positions, so that ETTICP was higher in the left lateral position compared to other positions. Moreover, there was a significant difference among ETTICP means 0, 15, 45, and 90 minutes after changing the body position. ETTICP means after 0 and 15 minutes were significantly higher than other times compared to the baseline.Conclusion: ETTICP changes were affected by different body positions and the passage of time. Thus, regular monitoring and adjusting of ETTICP after any body positioning is essential, especially immediately and 15 minutes after repositioning.

Effect of Different Body Positions on Intraocular Pressure in Patients with Primary Open Angle Glaucoma

Background: Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is the most common type of glaucoma. Increasing age, elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), and a positive family history are risk factors for POAG incidence. Elevated IOP is a major risk factor for glaucoma development and progression. The mechanism for IOP changes with body position is not completely understood. Objective: The present study was aimed to investigate the effects of different body positions on IOP in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma. Patients and methods: This prospective study included a total of 60 glaucoma and glaucoma suspect patients and 30 normal subjects, attending at Aswan University Hospital. Subjects were divided into 3 groups (normal, glaucoma suspect and primary open angle glaucoma). Each subject underwent thorough ophthalmological evaluation including best corrected visual acuity, slit lamp biomicroscopy, tonometry, gonioscopy, and dilated fundus evaluation. The Perkin's tonometer was used to measure IOP in different sleeping positions (at zero o degree, at 30o degree and 45o) positions. In all these positions, baseline IOP as well as after 30 minutes IOP was measured. Results: Comparison of both age and gender across different groups showed that there were no statistically significant differences among them. In terms of the IOP, comparing all of the three groups at baseline showed that there was a statistically significant difference across groups (p < 0.0001). There was a statistically significant reduction of IOP in 30 and 45 degree semi sitting positions compared to supine positions in all study groups. Conclusion: It could be concluded that certain sleeping positions appear to be associated with changes in intraocular pressure. It is essential not to overlook these short term fluctuations particularly in patients with primary open angle glaucoma as they can affect progression of the disease.

The Effect of Posture on Maximum Grip Strength Measurements

Introduction/Background: The purpose of this study was to compare the grip strength values obtained under 4 postures, and to identify the position providing the maximum grip strength value. We also explored the effects of different body positions on grip strength measurements and the significance of the selection of measurement position for guiding the screening and diagnosis of sarcopenia. Methodology: A total of 764 people (409 males and 355 females) participated in this study. Grip strength was measured in 4 positions: (1) standing with the elbow fully extended; (2) standing with arms raised; (3) sitting with the elbow flexed 90°; and (4) sitting with the elbow extended. Multiple linear regression model was used to compare the grip strength measurements obtained from these 4 positions by each hand when considering the influence of age, gender, body mass index, and other factors. Results: Both male and female grip strength values in the standing position with the elbow fully extended were significantly greater than those in other positions. In addition, the grip strength measured by standing posture was generally greater than measured by sitting posture. In contrast, grip strength values in the 2 sitting positions did not differ significantly. The grip strength of men was generally greater than that of women. Conclusions: The findings reveal that grip strength measured while standing with the elbow fully extended is greater than that measured while sitting, which is the posture currently recommended in clinical practice. Clinicians and researchers should choose the appropriate and optimal postures to measure grip strength.

Obesity impairs performing and learning a timing perception task regardless of the body position.

Obesity has been associated with poorer sensorimotor performance. However, it remains unclear whether these obesity-related impairments can be mitigated by practice. In the present study, we sought to investigate the effects of practice on performing and learning a temporal estimation task, in women with and without obesity. The experimental task consisted of synchronizing the arrival of two rectangles at a target point. Limited to the pressing of a switch, the task was intended to minimize possible muscular fatigue, self-generated perturbations to balance and the need to accelerate/decelerate body segments. Participants were allowed to choose the displacement velocity of the rectangle they controlled and were informed that they would not be offered any choice over it during a test to come. To control for the effect of different body positions on sensorimotor performance and learning, the 19 women with obesity (BMI = 40.0 + 7.33, age = 44.2 + 6.6) and 20 without obesity (BMI = 22.3 + 1.95, age = 43 + 6.9) were assigned into 4 groups, according to their BMI and body position assumed during practice (standing upright with feet together or sitting). As no significant differences concerning body position were found, the data were reanalysed disregarding this factor. Results revealed that while both groups reduced errors during the Acquisition, participants with obesity showed poorer performance (Acquisition) and sensorimotor learning (Transfer). Given the experimental task and adopted procedures, our results tend to support the hypothesis that hindered perception and/or integration of sensory information is associated with obesity.

Effect of Bridge Position Swallow on Esophageal Motility in Healthy Individuals Using High-Resolution Manometry

Recently, there has been clinical interest in the effect of different body positions on esophageal motility. This study aimed to identify the effect of three different body positions on esophageal motility using high-resolution manometry. Thirteen healthy adults swallowed 5 mL of water in the upright, supine, and bridge positions. For the bridge position, each subject raised their waist against gravity, placed a cushion under their back, and bent their knees. The proximal contractile integral (PCI) and distal contractile integral (DCI), integrated relaxation pressure (IRP), distal latency (DL), peristaltic breaks (PBs), intrabolus pressure (IBP), and expiratory and inspiratory esophagoesophageal junction (EGJ) pressure were measured. In the bridge position, PCI, DCI, IRP, and expiratory and inspiratory EGJ pressure were significantly higher than those in the upright position (bridge PCI vs. upright PCI [p = 0.001], bridge DCI vs. upright DCI [p < 0.001], bridge IRP vs. upright IRP [p = 0.018], bridge EGJ pressure vs. upright EGJ pressure [expiratory: p = 0.001] [inspiratory: p < 0.001]). PBs were significantly shorter and DL was significantly longer in the bridge position compared to upright (bridge PBs vs. upright PBs [p = 0.001], bridge DL vs. upright DL [p = 0.001]). IBP was significantly higher in the bridge position compared to supine (bridge IBP vs. supine IBP [p = 0.01]). These results demonstrated changes in esophageal motility according to changes in position while swallowing, where esophageal contractions became stronger against gravity. Further study is required to examine the effectiveness of swallowing in the bridge position.

Effects of Different Body Positions and Head Elevation Angles on Regional Cerebral Oxygen Saturation in Premature Infants of China

BackgroundTo investigate the effects of different body positions and head elevation angles on regional cerebral oxygen saturation in premature infants using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). MethodsThis was a prospective study of premature infants hospitalized. The position was changed each feeding cycle (2–3 h), in order: 15° prone, 15° supine, 0° prone, and 0° supine position. Regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rSO2) was measured after each position period using NIRS, over 7 days. FindingsThirty-three premature infants were included in the analysis. Among them, 22 (66.7%) were male, and 11 (33.3%) were female. When placing the premature infants in the prone position, the regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rSO2) values were higher at head elevation 15° compared with 0° (main effect P < 0.001). When placing the premature infants in the supine position, rSO2 was higher at a head elevation of 15° compared with that at 0° (main effect P < 0.001). When placing the premature infants with a head elevation of 15°, rSO2 in the prone position was higher than that of the supine position (main effect P < 0.001). There was no difference between the prone and supine positions when placing the premature infants with the head elevation at 0° (P > 0.05). DiscussionHigher cerebral rSO2 can be achieved when placing premature infants in the prone or supine position, with a 15° head elevation angle. Application to practiceUsing a specific body position and head angle could improve the regional cerebral oxygen saturation of premature infants.

The effects of different body positions on the accuracy of ultra-short-term heart rate variability indexes

PurposeWith the increasing popularity of ultra-short heart rate variability (HRV) measurements being utilized with mobile devices outside of controlled, research settings, it is important to determine the proper methodology to ensure accuracy. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the validity of ultra-short-term HRV metrics across three different body positions in recreationally active individuals. MethodsTwenty-six subjects (12 males: 24.1 ± 3.6 yrs., 178.6 ± 6.4 cm, 82.9 ± 8.7 kg; 15 females: 21.3 ± 1.2 yrs., 170.7 ± 10.5 cm, 71.6 ± 18.9 kg) participated in 10-min electrocardiogram recordings in the supine, seated, and standing positions. HRV analysis using a variety of time, frequency, and non-linear parameters were performed following traditional recommendations (i.e., last 5 min of each 10-min recording) and ultra-short-term recordings (i.e., 1-min epoch following a 1-min stabilization period). ResultsSlight decreases (e.g., “near perfect” to “very large”) in intraclass correlations (ICC) and increases in the limits of agreement (LOA) were noted for most of the HRV metrics as position changed to sitting and then standing. However, throughout all three positions, the highest ICC values (0.88 to 0.92) and tightest LOA (CE ± 1.96 SD) were displayed in RMSSD. ConclusionsThis study supports the use of RMSSD and SD1 for assessing HRV under ultra-short-term recordings of 1 min regardless of position. However, practitioners should be consistent with the preferred position for measurements and not use them interchangeably to reduce potential errors during long-term monitoring.

Influence of body position on dynamics of the pelvic floor measured with transperineal ultrasound imaging in men.

This paper aims to evaluate the feasibility of transperineal ultrasound imaging (TPUS) for visualizing the motion of pelvic landmarks associated with striated pelvic floor muscle contraction in men in standing; to compare the locations of pelvic landmarks between sitting and standing; and to compare the effects of different body positions on measures of pelvic floor muscle contraction. Thirty-five men awaiting prostatectomy volunteered to participate. Participants performed three repetitions of submaximal pelvic floor contraction in sitting and again in standing. Movement of pelvic landmarks with contraction was recorded using an ultrasound imaging transducer placed on the perineum. The feasibility of TPUS in men in standing was demonstrated through the visualization of three out of four pelvic landmarks in more than 95% of images in the standing position. Analysis of pelvic landmarks and their respective relationships with muscle shortening demonstrated that the anorectal junction and urethrovesical junction were lower and the estimated length of puborectalis was shorter in standing than sitting. The mid-urethra (striated urethral sphincter) and anorectal junction (puborectalis) landmark displaced further cranially in standing than sitting. TPUS can be used to visualize three pelvic landmarks in men with cancerous prostates. Puborectalis is shorter at rest in standing than sitting, and elevation of the mid-urethra and the anorectal junction is more in standing than sitting. Together these findings indicate that feedback for pelvic floor muscle training is possible in both positions, but the position needs to be standardized for a comparative assessment.

Influence of body position and axial load on spinal stiffness in healthy young adults.

This study aimed at investigating the effects of different body positions and axial loads on spinal stiffness to better understand spinal stabilisation mechanisms. The posterior-to-anterior lumbar and thoracic spinal stiffness of 100 young healthy adults (mean age 23years; 50 females) were measured in three test situations: prone, standing and standing while carrying a load equal to 50% of the subject's body weight. Each test situation comprised three trials. Spinal stiffness in all test situations showed good reliability. Repeated measures analysis of covariance showed significantly higher spinal stiffness in standing than in the prone position [F(1/1694) = 433.630, p < 0.001]. However, spinal stiffness was significantly lower when standing while carrying a load of 50% of the body weight than when standing without additional load [F(1/1494) = 754.358, p < 0.001]. This study showed that spinal lumbar and thoracic stiffness increases when body position is changed from prone to standing. Additional axial load of 50% of the subject's body weight results in reduced spinal stiffness during standing. These slides can be retrieved under Electronic Supplementary Material.

Cardiopulmonary Capacity in Children During Exercise Testing: The Differences Between Treadmill and Upright and Supine Cycle Ergometry.

Background/Hypothesis: Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) is used in the assessment of function and prognosis of cardiopulmonary health in children with cardiac and pulmonary diseases. Techniques, such as cardiac MRi, and PET-scan, can be performed simultaneously with exercise testing. Thus, it is desirable to have a broader knowledge about children’s normal cardiopulmonary function in different body postures and exercise modalities. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different body positions on cardiopulmonary function in healthy subjects performing CPETs.Materials and Methods: Thirty-one healthy children aged 9, 12, and 15 years did four CPETs: one treadmill test with a modified Bruce protocol and three different bicycle tests with different body postures, sitting, tilted 45°, and lying flat (0°). For the bicycle tests, a 20-watt ramp protocol with a pedal frequency of 60 ± 5 rotations per minute was used. Continous ECG and breath-by-breath measurements was done throughout the tests. Cardiac structure and function including aortic diameter were evaluated by transthoracic echocardiography prior to the tests. Doppler measurements of the blood velocity in the ascending aorta were measured prior to and during the test. Prior to every test, the participants performed pulmonary function tests with maximum voluntary ventilation test.Results: There is a significantly (p < 0.05) lower peak in all bicycle tests compared with the treadmill test. There is lower corrected peak (ml kg−0.67 min−1), but not relative peak (ml kg−1 min−1), in the supine compared with the upright bicycle test. There are no differences in peak stroke volume or cardiac output between the bicycle modalities when calculated from aortic blood flow. Peak heart rate decreases from both treadmill to upright bicycle and from upright bicycle to the supine test (0°).Conclusion: There are no differences in peak cardiac output between the upright bicycle test and supine bicycle tests. Heart rate and corrected peak are lower in the supine test (0°) than the upright bicycle test. In the treadmill test, it is a higher absolute and relative peak . Despite the latter differences, we are convinced that both upright and supine bicycle tests are apt in the clinical setting when needed.

Effect of different body positions on lung dynamic functions in healthy young non-obese subjects

Effect of different body positions on lung dynamic functions in healthy young non-obese subjects

Study of the effect of different body positions on ocular vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials using air-conducted sound

ObjectiveThe tested hypothesis states that by manipulating body position, a differentiation in the optimum body position for ocular vestibular-evoked myogenic potential (oVEMP) testing could be obtained.Patients and methodsThe present study was conducted on 33 ears (33 healthy adult volunteers) with no age or sex limit or any ontological complaint in the audiology unit of Alexandria Main University Hospital. Pure-tone audiometry, tympanometry, and oVEMP testing were performed. Ocular VEMP was performed in four different positions – sitting, supine, right decubitus, and left decubitus positions. Ocular VEMP waveforms were analyzed regarding morphology, latency, amplitude, and threshold.Results(a) oVEMP was present in 90% of the studied cases. (b) The sitting position produced the shortest latencies. (c) The independent position provided the largest amplitude. (d) The dependent position elicited the highest thresholds.ConclusionAlthough the best position for oVEMP test could not be determined by the present study, the trends found support that the sitting position may be preferred for future oVEMP testing based on the short latencies produced in this position. On the other hand, high thresholds were obtained in the dependent (left decubitus) position, which indicates that it is the least favorable position.

Effect of Body Positions on Lungs Volume in Asthmatic Patients: A Cross-sectional Study

Aim: The purpose of our research was to investigate the effect of different body positions on lungs volume by conducting pulmonary function test (PFT) values of the asthmatic patients. The objectives were (1) to assess the correlation between pulmonary function and posture in adult patients with asthma, (2) to determine the best position with higher lungs volume that was preferable for the asthmatic patients to relieve the asthma attack and for rehabilitation approach. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted in the Reconstructive and Rehabilitative Center at University Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS) between December 2015 and June 2016. Methodology: The total of 30 participants was recruited in this study. Among them, 15 participants were asthmatic patients and 15 participants were non-asthmatic, control persons. All theparticipants were between 19-25 years of age and they were enrolled after they had signed a written consent. Participants were selected using the inclusion criteria and Spiro Excel PC based pulmonary function test (PFT Medicaid Systems) were administered. Spirometer measurements (FVC, FEV1) were taken in the standing, sitting and supine positions. Each measurement was taken two times and the average values were analyzed. The order of the body positions was randomized. Results: In the asthmatic group, the best position was supine with a mean±standard deviation (SD) of FEV1/FVC, 77.93±17.37. Whereas, in control group, the best position was standing with a mean±SD of FEV1/FVC, 90.12±5.97. The second best positions were sitting position in the asthmatic group (75.37±16.37) and supine position in control group (89.70±8.79). Finally, the standing position had the lowest lungs function in the asthmatic group (73.63±17.08) and sitting position in control group (88.53±11.17). Conclusion: Our study showed that supine was the best position for measuring FEV1 and FVC of asthmatic participants. Therefore, supportive positions such as supine or leaning to the wall are suggested to improve pulmonary function of the patients, especially during asthmatic attack.

Pulmonary gas exchange and acid-base status during immobilisation of black rhinoceroses (Diceros bicornis) in Zimbabwe.

When immobilising wildlife, adverse side effects can include hypoxaemia, acidosis and hypertension. Pulmonary gas exchange and acid–base status were evaluated during immobilisation of 25 free-ranging and one boma-held black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis) in Zimbabwe. The effect of different body positions on arterial oxygenation was evaluated. A combination of the following drugs was used: an opioid (etorphine or thiafentanil), azaperone and an α2-adrenoceptor agonist (detomidine or xylazine). Respiratory and heart rates, rectal temperature and pulse oximetry–derived haemoglobin oxygen saturation were recorded. Serial arterial blood samples were analysed immediately in the field. Marked hypoxaemia and hypercapnia were recorded in immobilised free-ranging black rhinoceroses. Arterial oxygenation was higher during sternal compared to lateral recumbency. Most rhinoceroses developed acidaemia of respiratory and metabolic origin. Initially high lactate concentrations in free-ranging rhinoceroses decreased during immobilisation. Pulse oximetry was unreliable in the detection of hypoxaemia. Positioning in sternal recumbency and routine use of oxygen supplementation are recommended in the management of immobilised rhinoceroses as measures to improve arterial oxygenation.