Effects Of Dietary Regimens Research Articles

Effect of Dietary Regimen on the Development of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Narrative Review.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder affecting 4%-20% of women worldwide. The pathogenesis of PCOS is still unconfirmed. Some risk factors for the disease are obesity, insulin resistance, genetic factors, and diet. Our aim is to review studies investigating the role of diet in the development of PCOS. We looked into studies published in different databases, such as PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science, using specific keywords as per our study topic. High-carbohydrate, high-fat diets, low-fiber diets, high glycemic index and glycemic load, and Western diets were associated with a higher risk of PCOS. Some vitamins, such as Vitamin D and B9, the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet, fruits, nuts, and seeds, such as pumpkin and sunflower, are associated with a lower risk of PCOS. The Alternate Healthy Eating Index-2010 (AHEI-2010) diet reduces the risk of hyperandrogenic or oligoanovulatory phenotypes. The review revealed that unhealthy diets encompass high levels of carbohydrates, animal proteins, fats, and processed foods. Despite inconsistent results from certain studies claiming no disparity in the dietary patterns between PCOS patients and healthy controls, the majority of researchers have amassed sufficient evidence linking nutrition to the incidence of PCOS. The review also underscores the significance of the interplay between genes and the environment in the prevalence of PCOS. Individuals possess a genetic predisposition to the condition from birth, and subsequent exposure to detrimental environmental factors, particularly diet and inactivity, trigger epigenetic changes that contribute to the development of the disorder. This study further illuminated the existence of the "lean PCOS" phenomenon, wherein roughly 20% of global PCOS cases exhibit clinical manifestations of the syndrome but maintain a normal or below-average weight. To sum up, the collective body of assessed research indicates that women with PCOS tend to share similar dietary habits, characterized by the consumption of numerous unhealthy foods such as processed foods, animal proteins, carbohydrates, and fats. While some studies present conflicting findings, these contradictions underscore the necessity for further investigation employing extensive cohorts.

Bifidobacterium population analysis in the infant gut by direct mapping of genomic hybridization patterns: potential for monitoring temporal development and effects of dietary regimens

SummaryA bifidobacterial mixed‐species microarray platform was used in a proof‐of‐principle study to address the composition and development of bifidobacteria in DNA extracted from faecal samples. These were collected in a time‐course of 2 years since birth and derived from human infants that were breastfed, standard formula‐fed or received a prebiotic formula during their weaning period. A set of over 50 samples was analysed, testifying for the throughput of the designed platform for multiple genome hybridizations. The generated data revealed that faecal samples of breastfed infants contained a high abundance of genomic DNA homologous to Bifidobacterium breve. In contrast, faecal samples from standard formula‐fed infants lacked detectable amounts of this B. breve DNA but contained genes with high similarity to B. longum. Remarkably, infants that received breastmilk and later a prebiotic formula consisting of a standard formula milk containing a mixture of specific galacto‐ and fructo‐oligosaccharides, continued to harbour a B. breve‐dominant faecal population. One infant that received standard formula in combination with the additional B. lactis Bb12 culture, contained significant amounts of faecal DNA belonging to Bb12 but only during the period of ingestion. The microarray platform showed sufficient sensitivity to analyse the B. breve group at the strain level. Overall, the B. breve populations observed in the faecal samples of the studied infants showed a stable composition over time and were unique per infant. In conclusion, our results show the applicability of comparative genome hybridization to study bifidobacterial populations in infant faecal samples without the use of any amplification step.

Effects of Dietary Regimens and Brown-Egg Pullet Strain on Growth and Development

This study consisted of; two strains of brown-egg pullets, the Hy-Line (HB) and HN a Step-up Protein Regimen (SUP9) comprised of a 12% CP Starter, 0-9 week, 16% CP Grower 2, 10-16 week and 18% CP Grower 1, 17-18 week and a Step-up Protein Regimen (SUP12) comprised of a 12% CP Starter, 0-12 week, 16% CP Grower 2, 13- 16 week and 18% CP Grower 1, 17-18 week. The pullets were housed in an environmentally controlled rearing facility with trideck battery cages. Feed consumption and body weights were measured bi-weekly and mortality was recorded daily. At 17 week of age a sample of 20 pullets from each strain and regimen combination were randomly selected and brought to the laboratory for body composition analysis. At 18 week the HB and BN strains only differed in livability with the HB having a 4.2% greater (p<0.05) liveability than the BN pullets. There was a stepwise reduction (p<0.05) in total protein intake from the SDP, SUP9 and SUP12, however, energy, Ca, P and lysine consumption were comparable. The SUP9 and SUP12 feeding regimens resulted in significantly (p<0.05) lower BW than the SDP regimen pullets. The SUP12 regimen significantly reduced sternum length below that obtained with the SDP or SUP9 program 11.0 vs. 11.2 and 11.3 cm, respectively. Tibial breaking strength was no different between the strains or regimens. This study shows that pullets reared on SUP regimens would have lower body weights with few differences in bod y composition percentages. Indicating that reduced dietary protein and energy would result in smaller pullets with comparable body composition.

Variations in Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) Content of Processed Cheese by Lactation Time, Feeding Regimen, and Ripening

Dairy products are major sources of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA); thus, an increase in CLA content can improve the quality value of dairy products. The objective of this work was to determine the effects of lactation time, feeding regimen, and ripening period on the level of CLA in processed cheese. CLA content in milk varied with the period of lactation; high in spring (April and May, about 6.8 mg CLA/g fat) and relatively low in mid summer and winter (about 4.3 mg CLA/g fat). The effects of dietary regimen and ripening period were determined in milk, which was obtained from March to May. After aging for 4 months, the cheese made from milk obtained from cows fed on pasture contained relatively higher levels of CLA compared to cheese made from milk obtained from cows fed indoors (8.12 mg CLA/g fat vs 6.76 mg CLA/g fat), but there was no difference in 7 month-aged cheeses. In both pasture and indoor feeding, 7 month-aged cheeses showed higher CLA content than 4 month-aged cheeses. The contents of stearic acid (C18:0) and linolenic acid (C18:3) were significantly higher in cheese from pasture fed cows compared to those in cows fed indoors. These findings should be helpful for the efficient production of functional dairy products with high CLA contents.

Dietary Amino Acid Density Effects on Growth and Carcass of Broilers Differing in Strain Cross and Sex

Some broiler integrators in the United States commonly reduce diet nutrient density as a way of reducing overall diet cost because feed represents the majority of live production costs. There is disagreement about amino acid feeding regimens for broilers, particularly when raising heavy broilers for maximum carcass and breast meat yields. Two experiments evaluated the effect of feeding a nutritional program similar to that currently used by the US poultry industry (low amino acid density; LD) and an isocaloric program with higher amino acid levels (high amino acid density; HD) on the performance of broilers varying in sex and strain cross (1 high-yield strain and 2 multipurpose strains).Data from both experiments were pooled because no interactions between trials were noted. Broilers fed HD diets had increased BW and decreased feed conversion (g of feed/g of gain) throughout all phases of the study when compared with broilers fed LD diets. Males had higher BW and lower feed conversion than females. Mortality was unaffected by diet type, strain, or sex. Broilers of the high-yield strain had lower BW and higher feed conversions when compared with the 2 multipurpose strains. Broilers fed HD diets resulted in lower abdominal fat percentage, as well as higher fillet and tender yields at 42 and 56 d of age. No effect of dietary regimen was observed for yield of carcass, wings, drums, or saddle. Carcasses from female broilers typically had higher percentages of fat and wings and lower drum and saddle yields. The high-yield strain had higher percentages of fillets, tenders and carcass and lower fat and saddle yields when compared with the multipurpose strains. Overall improvements in economically important parameters (i.e., feed conversion, and white meat yield) observed after feeding an amino acid concentration greater than that typically used by some broiler integrators in the US suggest that industry standard nutritional programs may be low in amino acids. Considerations for increasing current amino acid concentrations should be made on a cost-benefit basis.

Effect of dietary regimens on ovarian response and embryo production of sheep in tropics

Bharat Merino ewes ( n=24) maintained in a tropical environment were allocated to three dietary treatment groups. The ewes were grazed on pasture either without supplementation (Group 1) and with supplementation of concentrate feed at the rate of 150 g per ewe per day (Group 2) or 300 g per ewe per day (Group 3), respectively. Estrus was synchronized with two injections of prostaglandin (PGF 2α) 10 mg at 10 days interval. Superovulation treatment commenced 3 days prior to the second injection of PGF 2α. Each ewe received a total dose of 5.4 mg FSH every 12 h over 4 days and PMSG (200 IU) once at the start of the treatment. The ewes in estrus were exposed to fertile rams. Ovarian examination and recovery of embryos and ova were based on laparoscopy and laparotomy between days 3 and 6 after mating. Data for onset of estrus, duration of estrus, number of corpora lutea (CL), number of unovulated large follicles (LF), embryo recovery rate, embryo quality and fertilization were recorded. Onset of estrus after the second dose of PGF 2α and duration of estrus did not differ significantly among the three groups. Number of ovulations, ovarian response (CL+LF), embryo recovery and yield of transferable embryos for all the dietary treatment groups were similar ( P>0.05). It is concluded that the dietary flushing of Bharat Merino ewes prior to superovulation and mating did not influence the estrus response, superovulatory response, embryo recovery or yield of transferable embryos.

Oxidative stability of frozen-stored raw pork chops, chill-stored pre-frozen raw pork chops, and frozen-stored pre-cooked sausages in relation to dietary CuSO 4 , rapeseed oil and vitamin E

Danish Landrace× Danish Yorkshire female pigs were fed either a standard diet or a standard diet enriched with 6% rapeseed oil and supplemented with increasing amounts of vitamin E (0, 100 or 200 mg all-rac-α-tocopheryl acetate/kg feed) and copper (0, 35 or 175 mg CuSO4/kg feed), and the effect of dietary regimen on the oxidative stability of (1) frozen-stored raw pork chops packed in atmospheric air, (2) chill-stored pre-frozen pork chops packed in atmospheric air, and (3) freezer-stored, vacuum-packed pre-cooked sausages was investigated. The addition of 6% rapeseed oil did not influence the oxidative stability of the pork chops negatively, whereas the oxidative stability of a product such as the pre-cooked sausages (Danish dinner sausages) with a higher fat content (15%) decreased as a result of rapeseed oil feeding. Inclusion of rapeseed oil in the diets increased the amount of monounsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in the meat and fat for the production of sausages at the expense of the content of the saturated fatty acids, and the higher content of PUFAs readily explains the decreased oxidative stability of the pre-cooked sausages. Feeding pigs 100 mg or 200 mg all-rac-α-tocopheryl acetate/kg feed significantly increased the oxidative stability of the pork chops and the detrimental effect of rapeseed oil observed in the pre-cooked sausages was effectively neutralised by both levels of vitamin E supplementation. Supplementation with copper did not affect the oxidative stability of any of the products. The presented results show that it is possible to produce pork products with a nutritionally improved fatty acid profile by inclusion of 6% rapeseed oil, without affecting the oxidative stability of the products negatively, through the protection provided by dietary vitamin E.

Effects of Dietary Regimen and Tissue Site on Bovine Fatty Acid Profiles

Effects of Dietary Regimen and Tissue Site on Bovine Fatty Acid Profiles

Effect of dietary regimen on rotavirus-Escherichia coli weanling diarrhea of piglets.

Previously, we induced weanling diarrhea in piglets by infecting them with rotavirus followed by hemolytic enteropathogenic Escherichia coli. We postulated that rotavirus, by damaging the epithelium of the small intestines, produced an enteroenvironment which favored the selection and growth of enteropathogenic E. coli. Furthermore, diet might affect the enteroenvironment and influence the course of the disease. To test this, newly weaned 3-week-old piglets were assigned to one of four dietary regimens and infected with rotavirus followed 24 h later with enteropathogenic E. coli. The course of the disease was followed by monitoring the severity of diarrhea and the fecal shedding of rotavirus and enteropathogenic E. coli in these dually infected piglets. The dietary regimen designed to tax the digestive and absorptive capacities of the piglets (high nutrient intake fed three times a day) produced the most prolonged diarrhea, colonization of the gut by hemolytic enteropathogenic E. coli, and persistent shedding of rotavirus (P less than 0.01). The same nutrient intake divided into 24 equal increments and fed hourly produced a less severe response (P less than 0.01). The least severe response was seen in piglets fed one-third the nutrient intake either hourly or three times a day (P less than 0.01). We conclude that dietary regimen plays an important role in rotavirus-E. coli-induced weanling diarrhea.

Effect of Dietary Regimen on Cessation of Uptake of Macromolecules by Piglet Intestinal Epithelium (Closure) and Transport to the Blood

Effect of Dietary Regimen on Cessation of Uptake of Macromolecules by Piglet Intestinal Epithelium (Closure) and Transport to the Blood

Effect of Dietary Regimen on Cessation of Intestinal Absorption of Large Molecules (Closure) in the Neonatal Pig and Lamb

Effect of Dietary Regimen on Cessation of Intestinal Absorption of Large Molecules (Closure) in the Neonatal Pig and Lamb