Effects Of Dietary Palm Oil Research Articles

Efficacy of Palm Oil Application in Tiger Puffer Diets: Growth, Body Composition, Muscle Texture, and Lipid Metabolism

Palm oil, with its higher production, lower prices, and higher levels of palmitic acid and oleic acid, may have great potential for use in the aquafeed industry. In this study, with an 8‐week feeding experiment, the efficacy of palm oil as a substitute for fish oil in tiger puffer feeds was comprehensively evaluated. The control diets (FO group) contained 8% marine fish oil as the main lipid source, while in the treatment diets, the added marine fish oil was replaced with palm oil at 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%, respectively, which was named 25PO, 50PO, 75PO, and 100PO, respectively. Juvenile tiger puffers with an initial weight of 15.0 ± 0.04 g were used, with three replicate tanks of 30 juvenile fish tiger puffer for each dietary group. The fish oil replacement by palm oil did not have an adverse effect on fish growth and feeding, but the weight gain decreased by 17.3% in group PO100. Palm oil had no significant effects on fish proximate composition and muscle texture. The effects of dietary palm oil on muscle fatty acid composition were not significant, with DHA and EPA significantly lowered only in the 100PO group. In contrast, the changes in liver and intestinal fatty acid compositions in response to diets were more significant than those in the muscle. In the intestine, the replacement of more than 50% fish oil by palm oil significantly downregulated the gene expression associated with peroxisomal fatty acid β‐oxidation and triglyceride hydrolysis, while upregulated the expression of cholesterol biosynthetic genes. In the liver, the replacement of more than 75% fish oil also significantly upregulated the cholesterol synthesis. In conclusion, palm oil can replace 75% of added marine fish oil in tiger puffer diets and does not adversely affect the growth performance, feed utilization, muscle composition, and muscle texture.

Effects of dietary palm oil on broiler chicken productive performance and carcass characteristics: a comprehensive review

Palm oil is a natural energy source ingredient in poultry diets that offers a broad range of beneficial effects on the performance of broiler chickens. This review was conducted to highlight the impact of palm oil as a feed ingredient on growth performance and carcass quality, as well as the biochemical, antioxidant activity and tissue fatty acids (FA) composition of broiler chickens. Palm oil inclusion in broiler chickens' rations contributes significantly to the high metabolisable energy (ME) of feed formulation, increases feed palatability and decreases digesta passage rate in the intestine. The reviewed literature indicated that dietary palm oil has a beneficial effect on broiler chickens' overall growth performance traits. The addition of palm oil can also improve the heat tolerance of chickens reared in high ambient temperature conditions. Regardless of breed and breeding conditions, palm oil exhibits good oxidative stability in broiler chickens due to the presence of prevalent phytonutrient elements in this oil. The inclusion of palm oil increased palmitic (C16:0) and oleic (C18:1) acids in tissue deposits, which improves meat stability and quality. Moreover, molecular studies have revealed that higher mRNA expression of several lipid-related hepatic genes in broiler chickens fed palm oil. Nonetheless, dietary palm oil can influence FA deposition in tissues, modulate lipoprotein and triglycerides (TG) levels, and cytokine contents in the blood serum of broiler chickens.

Effects of Dietary Palm Oil on Production Performance and Serum Parameters of Laying Hens

Effects of Dietary Palm Oil on Production Performance and Serum Parameters of Laying Hens

Effect of Dietary Palm Oil and Medium Chain Triglycerides on Growth and Fatty Acid Profiles of Japanese Catfish Silurus asotus Juveniles

Effect of Dietary Palm Oil and Medium Chain Triglycerides on Growth and Fatty Acid Profiles of Japanese Catfish Silurus asotus Juveniles

Effect of dietary palm oil on growth and carcass composition of Heterobranchus longifilis fingerlings

This study investigated the effects of dietary palm oil (PO) on growth performance and carcass composition of Heterobranchus longifilis with the goal of replacing dietary fish oil with palm oil. In this study triplicate groups of H. longifilis fingerlings were fed the experimental diets for 8 weeks. Five isonitrogenous (45% crude protein), isoenergetic (20 KJg-1) experimental diets were made containing either 6.0% FO and 0% PO, 4.5% FO and 1.5% PO; 3.0% FO and 3.0% PO; 1.5% FO and 4.5% PO; or 0% FO and 6.0% PO using soybean and fish meal as the protein source. Dietary palm oil had no significant effect on growth rate or feed conversion ratio. Similarly, No significant differences were observed between dietary treatments for moisture, protein and ash content in H. longifilis fingerlings. However, fillet saturated, monounsaturated fatty acids and liver lipid deposition were significantly (P<0.05) higher in fish fed 6.0% PO diet. This study suggests that the replacement of cod liver oil by palm oil as lipid supplement in the diet permitted a clear improvement of growth and FCR of H. longifilis. This indicates that PO can effectively replace FO in the diet of the fish without compromising fish growth and feed efficiency.

Effects of Dietary Palm Oil on the Performance of Broiler Chicks

Studies were conducted to assess the effect of replacing maize with palm oil at 0, 2, 4 and 6% inclusion levels, on the performance of broiler chicks. One, hundred and forty-four day old broiler chicks of Anak strain were weighed and randomly assigned to the four experimental diets. Each treatment group of 36 birds was replicated 3 times with 12 birds per replicate in a completely randomized design (CRD). There were significant (P

The effect of dietary palm oil, hydrogenated rape and soya oil on indices of coronary heart disease risk in healthy Scottish volunteers

Effects of three highly saturated fat diets containing either palm fat (RBDPO), hydrogenated soya fat (HSO) or hydrogenated rapeseed fat (HRSO), on short-term indicators of coronary heart disease (CHD) risk in healthy Scottish volunteers were compared. “Free living” subjects (53) were randomly assigned to one of three experimental diets or the “wild” habitual diet group for eight week periods. Fasting blood samples were collected at week 0 (baseline) and at two week intervals. Plasma lipoprotein-cholesterol, triglycerides and indices of lipid peroxidation were assessed. RBDPO diets increased plasma total-, LDL- and HDL-cholesterol (i.e. both beneficial and detrimental effects); HRSO and HSO diets decreased total- and HDL-cholesterol. Changes in cholesterol in ‘wild’ volunteers were similar (0.4m.mol./L) to those in experimental groups (0.4–0.5m.mol./L) with similar absolute values. Plasma triglycerides were reduced after four weeks RBDPO but not HSO or HRSO; values in the “wild” group did not differ from baseline or from other groups. RBDPO reduced indices of lipid peroxidation. HSO increased whole-blood aggregation and plasma conjugated dienes (CD). Physiological relevance of such small changes in indices of CHD risk elicited by the saturated diets are questionable.

Atherogenic Effects of Dietary Palm Oil in Rabbit

Oruwari, B.M., Ekine, O.A., Monsi, A. and Hart, D.A. 1998. Atherogenic effects of dietary palm oil in rabbit. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 14: 193–198. Adult rabbits (chinchilla) of both sexes were used to determine the atherogenic effects of dietary palm oil by feeding them diets supplemented with palm oil (4, 8 and 12%) which replaced corn in the control (basal) diet on w/w basis in a randomized block design. Following the eight weeks experimental period, 16 rabbits of each sex were sampled. Results demonstrated that inclusion of palm oil in the diet linearly (P<0.01) increased serum cholesterol and triacylglycerides (TG), thus showing palm oil to be atherogenic. The females had a significantly higher serum cholesterol and TG level than the males. Liver, abdominal fat and heart weights adjusted on body weight basis were significantly (P<0.01) higher at 8 and 12% levels of palm oil than 4%. Therefore, palm oil should not exceed 4% in the diet of rabbits.

The Effect of Dietary Palm Oil on Atherogenesis in the Rooster

Abstract Oruwari, B.M., Ironkwe, M.O., Monsi, A. and Mba, M.A. 1993. The effect of dietary palm oil on atherogenesis in the rooster. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 4: 123–131. Roosters (adult cockerels) were used as a model for atherogenesis by feeding them with palm oil supplemented diets for 8 weeks and measuring the plasma cholesterol levels, absolute and the adjusted weights of heart, spleen and liver. Dietary palm oil replaced corn in the basal corn-soyabean diet on weight basis. Feed consumption, weekly body weight gain and body weights were other measurements. Results demonstrated that dietary palm oil linearly (P<0.01) increased plasma cholesterol and may be considered atherogenic. Dietary palm oil linearly (P<0.01) increased the adjusted heart weight but not absolute weights of the heart, spleen, liver or the adjusted weights of spleen and liver of the roosters.

Comparative Effects of Dietary Palm Oil, Perilla Oil, and Soybean Oil on Lipid Profiles in Differently Aged Rats Fed on Hypercholesterolemic Diets.

The effects of palm oil, soybean oil, and perilla oil on the lipid profiles of liver and serum were compared in young (1 month old) and adult (8 months old) rats fed on hypercholesterolemic diets. In young rats, the concentration of serum cholesterol was highest in the order of palm oil (PAO), soybean oil (SBO), and perilla oil (PEO), whereas it was comparable among the groups of adult rats, resulting in an age-dependent increase in the rats fed on PEO. In young rats, but not in adult rats, the ratio of HDL-/total-cholesterol was significantly increased with an increase in the degree of unsaturation of dietary fats. Dietary PAO, when compared with SBO or PEO, prevented the accumulation of liver cholesterol in adult rats, when expressed as mg per liver. No fat-effect on liver cholesterol was seen in young rats. SBO amd PEO, when compared with PAO, markedly enhanced fecal output of bile acids in adult rats. The concentration of serum triacylglycerol showed a fat-dependent response, whereas that of liver triacylglycerol showed both an ageand fat-dependent response. Thus, PAO showed an effect similar to that of SBO on the serum cholesterol level in adult animals fed on a hypercholesterolemic diet.

Antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic effects of carotenoids and dietary palm oil.

Four carotenoids, canthaxanthin, beta-carotene, 8H-apo-beta-carotenal, and 8'-apo-beta-carotene methylester were tested for their ability to suppress the mutagenicity of 1-methyl-3-nitro-1-nitrosoguanidine and benzo[a]pyrene (BP) in Salmonella typhimurium tester strain TA 100. The anticarcinogenic efficacy of the four carotenoids was further assessed in the BP-induced forestomach tumor model in female Swiss mice. The effect of dietary palm oil was also examined in BP-induced neoplasia in the female Haffkine Swiss mouse strain. Canthaxanthin, beta-carotene, 8'-apo-beta-carotenal, and 8'-apo-beta-carotene methylester showed a dose-dependent decrease in the mutagenicity compared with 1-methyl-3-nitro-1-nitrosoguanidine and BP in strain TA 100. In the BP-induced forestomach tumor model, all four carotenoids showed a similar significant anticarcinogenic effect. Dietary administration of palm oil showed a dose-dependent antitumor activity in the animals. Our results show that the intrinsic antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic properties of the carotenoids are not significantly influenced by their conversion to vitamin A.

Effects of dietary palm oil on serum lipid peroxidation, antithrombin III, plasma cyclic AMP, and platelet aggregation.

Intravascular thrombus formation in association with lipid depositions in the arterial wall is thought to be involved in the process of atheroma formation. We have previously shown the beneficial effect of palm oil on the serum lipid profile resulting in a lowering of serum triacylglycerol and an elevation of the HDL/LDL ratio. The present study investigates the effect of dietary palm oil on the biochemical parameters associated with clotting and platelet aggregation in young rats (70 g body wt) fed a palm oil diet over a period of 10 weeks. Palm oil-fed rats showed significantly lower levels of fibrinogen and serum lipid peroxide and elevated AtIII levels resulting in a prolongation of clotting time. Reduced platelet aggregation and ATP release associated with a prolongation of bleeding time were also found. These findings, together with our earlier findings on the effect of palm oil on the serum lipid profile, suggest that dietary palm oil may be antithrombotic as well as beneficial in preventing the deposition of lipids on the vessel wall and may, therefore, be protective against the development of atherosclerosis.

Effect of dietary palm oil on lipoprotein lipases: Lipoprotein levels and tissue lipids in rat

The aims of our study were to investigate the effect of dietary palm oil on the levels of lipoprotein lipase, hepatic lipase, fat distribution (in the aorta and liver), and total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, and triacylglycerol levels in young rats (70 g body wt) over a period of 10 weeks. Palm oil-fed rats showed higher growth rate and lower triacylglycerol levels than the control group. Hepatic lipase activity was correlated to the liver fat distribution (correlation coefficient, r = +0.682) as seen by histopathological sections and was similar for both the palm oil and the control diets. Palm oil-fed rats exhibited a significantly higher HDL cholesterol to total plasma cholesterol ratio when compared to animals fed the control diet. The triacylglycerol levels correlated inversely to the HDL cholesterol levels (r = -0.536) while the lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity correlated directly to the LDL level (r = +0.617) for both groups of animals. The fatty acid profiles of adipose and liver tissues and plasma revealed that saturated fatty acids--palmitic and stearic--were preferentially incorporated in liver and adipose tissues and less in the plasma. This accounts for lack of deposition in the arterial wall and for the antithrombotic tendency of palm oil. Thus, our present findings suggest that dietary palm oil may not contribute to the risk for coronary heart disease.

Effect of dietary palm oil and its fractions on rat plasma and high density lipoprotein lipids

Male Sprague Dawley rats were fed semipurified diets containing 20% fat for 15 weeks. The dietary fats were corn oil, soybean oil, palm oil, palm olein and palm stearin. No differences in the body and organ weights of rats fed the various diets were evident. Plasma cholesterol levels of rats fed soybean oil were significantly lower than those of rats fed corn oil, palm oil, palm olein or palm stearin. Significant differences between the plasma cholesterol content of rats fed corn oil and rats fed the three palm oils were not evident. HDL cholesterol was raised in rats fed the three palm oil diets compared to the rats fed either corn oil or soybean oil. The cholesterol-phospholipid molar ratio of rat platelets was not influenced by the dietary fat type. The formation of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha was significantly enhanced in palm oil-fed rats compared to all other dietary treatments. Fatty acid compositional changes in the plasma cholesterol esters and plasma triglycerides were diet regulated with significant differences between rats fed the polyunsaturated corn and soybean oil compared to the three palm oils.

Effects of dietary palm oil and tocotrienol concentrate on plasma lipids, eicosanoid productions and tissue fatty acid compositions in rats.

Palm oil (PA) contains about 50% saturated fatty acid and is rich in tocotrienol (T-3). Plasma lipid and eicosanoid levels, and fatty acid compositions of tissue lipids in rats given refined PA were compared to those given lard (LA) rich in stearate, olive oil (OL), palm olein rich in oleate, and safflower oil (SA) rich in linoleate. The effects of supplementation with T-3 was also investigated. An elevation of the plasma cholesterol level due to cholesterol feeding was moderate in rats given PA or LA compared to rats given OL, although it was higher than in the SA group. The proportion of linoleate in dietary PA, LA and OL was similar, but that of arachidonate in plasma phosphatidylcholine and platelet lipids was slightly but significantly higher in the PA group, when compared to the SA group, but the proportion of docosahexaenoate in plasma and liver phosphatidylcholine was significantly lower in the PA group than that in the LA and OL groups. Although aortic production of prostacyclin and the plasma le...

Effect of dietary palm oil on arterial thrombus formation and prostanoid production in rats

Earlier studies, using a rat model of arterial thrombosis, demonstrated that oils rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids of the (n-6) or (n-3) families and poor in saturated fatty acids, have an antithrombotic effect. Oleic acid appeared neutral as to arterial thrombus formation: it is antithrombotic only if it replaces prothrombotic dietary lipids. Long chain (> 14 carbon atoms) saturated fatty acids were shown to promote arterial thrombus formation.

The Effects of Dietary Palm Oil and Energy on the Performance of White Rock Breeders in Nigeria

The optimum level of palm oil supplementation of a layers’ basal diet with 17% protein (N × 6.25) and 2.74 M.E./g. (calculated) appeared not less than 5.0% for egg production of White Rock breeders in Southern Nigeria. The efficiency of conversion of feed to egg, weight gains and the Haugh unit but not size and shell thickness also improved with palm oil supplementation of the basal diet. The optimum levels of dietary palm oil supplementation for percentage fertility and for hatchability of fertile eggs appeared to be 5.0–7.5% and 2.5–7.5%, respectively. The hatching weight of chicks was not affected by dietary palm oil.

Physiological responses to acute hypoxia in altitude-acclimatized chickens.

ArticlePhysiological responses to acute hypoxia in altitude-acclimatized chickens.A L Abati, and J J McGrathA L Abati, and J J McGrathPublished Online:01 Jun 1973https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1973.34.6.804MoreSectionsPDF (1 MB)Download PDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesGet permissionsTrack citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInWeChat Previous Back to Top Next Download PDF FiguresReferencesRelatedInformation Cited ByThe Effect of Dietary Palm Oil on Atherogenesis in the RoosterJournal of Applied Animal Research, Vol. 4, No. 2Ascites in poultryAvian Pathology, Vol. 22, No. 3BODY GROWTH AND POLYCYTHAEMIA IN HYPOXIC ALBINO RATS OF FIRST AND SECOND GENERATIONClinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology, Vol. 17, No. 10Body Fluids: BloodHeart and Circulation: Anatomy, Hemodynamics, Blood Pressure, Blood FlowComparative respiratory functions of blood in some passeriform birdsComparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology, Vol. 66, No. 4Heart and Circulation: Anatomy, Hemodynamics, Blood Pressure, Blood Flow, and Body Fluids More from this issue > Volume 34Issue 6June 1973Pages 804-8 https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1973.34.6.804PubMed4711590History Published online 1 June 1973 Published in print 1 June 1973 Metrics