Attraction Effect Research Articles

Nudges Increase Choosing but Decrease Consuming: Longitudinal Studies of the Decoy, Default, and Compromise Effects

Abstract Research in marketing, psychology, economics, and decision making has long examined what people choose, when people choose, and why people choose. But almost no research has examined how long people consume their choices. Here, we examined an asymmetry between choosing an option and consuming it. Under the aegis of nudges, we conducted two randomized longitudinal experiments on how long people consumed a choice that was incentivized vis-à-vis a decoy effect, default effect, and compromise effect. We found that these nudges influenced choosing and consuming in opposite directions: Participants were more likely to choose the nudged option; however, they consumed it less compared to participants who chose an identical non-nudged option. Our research thus demonstrates that nudges could lead people to consume a nudged option less after choosing it, illuminating the potential for future research to examine the unexplored area of longitudinal, post-acquisition, post-nudge effects.

ANALISIS PENGARUH DAYA TARIK WISATA TERHDAP MINAT BERKUNJUNG WISATAWAN DI PETAK SEMBILAN JAKARTA BARAT

This study aims to determine the effect of tourist attraction on the interest of visiting tourists in Petak Sembilan, West Jakarta. This research was conducted using a quantitative approach and using a non-probability sampling technique with purposive sampling. Distribution was carried out to 100 respondents using a questionnaire. The population in this study focuses on respondents who know Petak Sembilan and have visited Petak Sembilan at least once. In this study, two variables were observed, namely Tourist Attraction as the independent variable and Interest in Visiting Tourists as the dependent variable. The research instruments were tested by validity and reliability tests, data analysis using simple linear regression, hypothesis testing using the coefficient of determination and data processing using SPSS version 25. In this study it was recognized that there are other factors that can also affect tourists' visiting intentions. Around 60.2% of the interest in visiting tourists can be explained by the variable tourist attraction.

Investment Attractiveness and Grinium Effect of Green Securities of the Russian Banking Sector

One of the main ways for banks to implement activities within the ESG agenda is to issue green securities, the proceeds of which go to finance environmental projects. In turn, the nature of investments is reflected in the so-called discount on greenness or the greenium effect, which may scare away a potential investor. But the situation is different in the emerging green bond market in Russia. In this regard, an analysis of the main characteristics of green bonds of the Russian banking sector, as well as an assessment of their investment attractiveness in comparison with instruments of the classical type, offers an effective tool for the formation of long-term capital aimed at implementing the concept of sustainable development.

The relationship between facial attractiveness and perceived guilt across types of crime.

Facial first impressions influence jurors in both laboratory experiments and real courtrooms. Often, more attractive defendants are perceived as less guilty and receive more lenient sentences. However, the type of crime under consideration, as well as the ecological validity of the stimuli presented, may determine the nature of this bias. Here, extending previous work, we considered three crime types (robbery, sexual assault, and murder) and utilised short video clips of male defendants, accompanied by real-world crime descriptions. Crucially, we varied attractiveness by presenting a large set of identities, in comparison with the typical use of one "high" and one "low" attractive face. Using null hypothesis significance testing, we found no evidence that either attractiveness or crime type influenced guilt perceptions. Taking a Bayesian perspective, our results provided some evidence that more attractive defendants were rated as less guilty of murder but more guilty of sexual assault, with no bias observed for robbery. Importantly, however, none of these effects had high certainty and all were small in size. By comparing the extremes of attractiveness, we again found inconclusive evidence of any attractiveness effects, with small differences in all cases. The implications for this departure from previous findings are discussed in terms of ecological validity and the need to consider attractiveness as a continuous rather than binary measure.

When and how does decoy effect work? The roles of salience and risk aversion in the consumer decision-making process

The decoy effect has attracted much attention in the field of marketing and indicates that consumers’ preferences between two options will change after adding a third asymmetrically decoy option. Marketers usually hope for the decoy strategy to help improve a consumer’s preference for a target product. However, both empirical evidence and real-world examples show that the effectiveness of the decoy effect is not uniform. This paper proposes an adjusted consumer decision model based on salience theory and presents the results of an eye-tracking experiment to provide empirical evidence for it. The results show that risk aversion can moderate the effect of a decoy on salience and further impact preferences for a target product. Our study makes theoretical contributions that extend salience-based explanations for the decoy effect and have practical implications for marketers seeking to formulate effective decoy strategies, especially in the electronic commerce environment.

Transitivity and non-uniform subjecthood in agreement attraction.

Research on human language converges on a view in which a grammatical "subject" is the most saliently encoded entity in mental representation. However, subjecthood is not a syntactically uniform phenomenon. Notably, many languages encode morphological distinctions between subjects of transitive verbs (i.e., verbs that require an object) and subjects of intransitive verbs. We ask how this typological pattern manifests in a language like English (which does not morphologically signal it) by examining the "distinctiveness" of transitive versus intransitive subjects in memory during online sentence processing. We conducted a self-paced reading experiment that tested for "attraction" effects (Dillon et al., Journal of Memory and Language, 69(2), 85-103, 2013; Wagers et al., Journal of Memory and Language, 61, 206-237, 2009) in the processing of subject-verb number agreement. We find that transitive subjects trigger attraction effects, but that these effects are mitigated for intransitive subject attractors (independently of the number of other noun phrases present in the intervening clause). We interpret this as indicating that transitive subjects are less distinctive and therefore less representationally salient than intransitive subjects: This is because a transitive subject must compete with another clause-mate core argument (i.e., a direct object), which draws on resources from the same pool of memory resources. On the other hand, an intransitive subject minimally only competes with a non-core argument (i.e., an oblique noun phrase); this consumes fewer memory resources, leaving the subject to enjoy greater spoils.

Pengaruh Daya Tarik Wisata terhadap Keputusan Berkunjung ke Anjungan

The purpose of this study is to determine the influence of tourist attraction to the decision to visit the tourist attraction. This research uses quantitative approach method, data analysis in this research is by using descriptive statistical analysis, with the nature of wanting to test the truth of a hypothesis made through the collection of primary data and secondary data, in order to predict and explain the relationship or influence of one variable to another.The effect of tourist attraction on guest decisions has a strong relationship. This result with a result of 0.601 shows a strong tourist attraction to the decision to visit the tourist attraction. Analysis by calculating the determination to know the strong influence given by the tourist attraction to the holiday decision, that is by squaring that happened. From the result show R Square = 0,361 or equal to 36,1% owned by tourist attraction and the remaining 63,9% owned by other variable which not examined and the conclusion obtained that the variable of tourist attraction has a strong influence on the decision to visit the the tourist attraction.

"The effect of gravity on the evolution of life on earth based on general relativity and the low of free fall "

The radius of the universe can be determined by combining the Einstein formulas, which determine the degree of gravitational redshift and describe the angle of refraction of a beam of light running along celestial bodies. The relationship between the two equations is made by the ratio of the total angle to the angle of deflection of the beam of light passing by the Earth according to the rules of Euclidean geometry (2∙π/α). The so-called Darwinian evolutionary distances measured from the color changes of the respiratory pigments of biological creatures (in connection with the phase of their circulation) can be paralleled with this. It is possible to measure these to the radius of the universe determined in this way. During the nearly 4-billion-year uninterrupted process of Darwinian evolution, living organisms presumably adapted to surface gravity during mutations as well as to any other environmental factor. In this way, they can accelerate continuously along the imaginary straight line from the origin of life to the appearance of the human race, i.e., within the short evolutionary distance, due to the attractive effect of gravity. During the free fall from the past to the present, the curvature of space-time may gradually appear in their physiological processes and anatomical structure. Specifically in their circulatory system, the rate of evolution would correspond to the most qualitatively advanced level, i.e., the velocity of human blood circulation. In this way, the evolution accelerating to almost the speed of light is reduced to 5.23 cm/s due to an enormous time dilation (as a proportion of angles; α/2/π). With this average human blood flow velocity, together with data from cardiac and circulatory procedures, a toroidal, or even more refined, ‘interlocking figure 8 model’ can be constructed. It reflects the dimensions, flow and pressure conditions of the pulmonary and systemic circulation, as well as the work of the heart.

Electrochemical aptasensor fabricated by anchoring recognition aptamers and immobilizing redox probes on bipolar silica nanochannel array for reagentless detection of carbohydrate antigen 15-3.

Timely, convenient, and efficient detection of carbohydrate antigen 15-3 (CA15-3) levels in serum holds significant importance in early screening, diagnostic assistance and prognosis prediction of breast cancer. The development of efficient and convenient electrochemical aptasensors with immobilized redox probes for label-free detection of CA15-3 is highly desirable. In this work, a bipolar silica nanochannel array film (bp-SNA) with two distinct functional domains including nanochannels and an outer surface was employed for the immobilization of recognition ligands and electrochemical redox probes, enabling the construction of a probe-integrated aptasensor for reagentless electrochemical detection of CA15-3. Cost-effective and readily available indium tin oxide (ITO) was used as the supporting electrode for sequential growth of a negatively charged inner layer (n-SNA) followed by a positively charged outer layer (p-SNA). The preparation process of bp-SNA is convenient. Functionalization of amino groups on the outer surface of bp-SNA was modified by aldehyde groups for covalent immobilization of recognition aptamers, further establishing the recognition interface. Within the nanochannels of bp-SNA, the electrochemical redox probe, tri (2,2'-dipyridyl) cobalt (II) (Co(bpy)3 2+) was immobilized, which experienced a dual effect of electrostatic attraction from n-SNA and electrostatic repulsion from p-SNA, resulting in high stability of the immobilized probes. The constructed aptasensor allowed for reagentless electrochemical detection of CA15-3 ranged from 0.001U/mL to 500 U/mL with a low detection limit (DL), 0.13mU/mL). The application of the constructed aptasensor for CA15-3 detection in fetal bovine serum was also validated. This sensor offers advantages of a simple and readily obtainable supporting electrode, easy bp-SNA fabrication, high probe stability and good stability.

Top Five Stories of the Cellular Landscape and Therapies of Atherosclerosis: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives.

Atherosclerosis (AS) is characterized by impairment and apoptosis of endothelial cells, continuous systemic and focal inflammation and dysfunction of vascular smooth muscle cells, which is documented as the traditional cellular paradigm. However, the mechanisms appear much more complicated than we thought since a bulk of studies on efferocytosis, transdifferentiation and novel cell death forms such as ferroptosis, pyroptosis, and extracellular trap were reported. Discovery of novel pathological cellular landscapes provides a large number of therapeutic targets. On the other side, the unsatisfactory therapeutic effects of current treatment with lipid-lowering drugs as the cornerstone also restricts the efforts to reduce global AS burden. Stem cell- or nanoparticle-based strategies spurred a lot of attention due to the attractive therapeutic effects and minimized adverse effects. Given the complexity of pathological changes of AS, attempts to develop an almighty medicine based on single mechanisms could be theoretically challenging. In this review, the top stories in the cellular landscapes during the initiation and progression of AS and the therapies were summarized in an integrated perspective to facilitate efforts to develop a multi-targets strategy and fill the gap between mechanism research and clinical translation. The future challenges and improvements were also discussed.

Trust me, I am famous: legitimating attractive celebrities as credible endorsers for charitable organisations

ABSTRACT Non-profit organisations are increasingly collaborating with celebrities to increase charitable donations. Consequently, choosing the right endorser to promote charitable giving is central to the communication strategy. The present research investigates how the attractiveness and credibility of celebrities, as well as cause-endorser matchup and meaning transfer, influence people’s donations. This research provides evidence of serial and parallel mediation effects by measuring and manipulating the four constructs in four separate studies. We demonstrate that credibility mediates the effect of attractiveness on generosity. Additionally, we highlight two legitimation pathways to explain how attractive endorsers become perceived as more credible cause promoters. This study provides a comprehensive model that illustrates, through an affective-cognitive-conative sequence, how attractiveness, congruence and meaning, and then credibility leads to charitable donations. Accordingly, we provide non-profit organisations with concrete and actionable recommendations for selecting celebrity endorsers.

Beautiful inside and out: Peer characteristics and academic performance

This paper explores the effect of own and peer attractiveness on various measures of academic performance. Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Adolescent Health (Add Health), we focus on high school students in the United States and exploit random variation within schools across cohorts in adolescents' physical and personality attractiveness as assessed by the interviewer. We find that for girls only own personality attractiveness boosts academic outcomes. For boys instead, both own physical and personality attractiveness positively affect performance and peer characteristics also matter. An increase in the fraction of physically attractive high school peers decreases boys' academic performance in later years. We show that this effect is driven by less physically mature boys and operates through a decrease in self-confidence.

Sexual behavior and chemical signaling in Opsiphanes cassina (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)

Behavior modification using chemical stimuli is a promising tactic for integrated management of lepidopteran pests. Therefore, this approach was evaluated for the management of the butterfly Opsiphanes cassina Felder 1862, a defoliating pest in oil palm plantations. To achieve this aim, we observed adults’ sexual behavior under laboratory conditions and identified glandular structures in the abdomen and hind wings of males that are associated with the production of sexual pheromones in taxonomically related insects. It was also determined that male calls to females occur at 18:00 h when they fill their glandular structures, tremble, and make abdominal movements while possibly releasing pheromones. The hairpencils of the hind wings are also exposed during this time. Furthermore, the analysis using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS) on the samples obtained by Solvent Assisted Extraction (SAE) revealed the identification of three male-specific volatile organic compounds (VOCs), including (E)-nerolidol, vanillin, and (Z)-7-heptadecene. The Electroantennographic (EAG) evaluation demonstrated that females respond to the compounds, indicating their likely involvement in intraspecific interactions of the species. However, the behavioral evaluation did not confirm their attractive effect under the conditions employed. Nevertheless, the identified male-specific semiochemicals could be an alternative for inclusion in integrated pest management (IPM) of this pest in oil palm crops. Therefore, it is recommended to evaluate them under field conditions.

Effect of Indigenous Bee Attractants on Bee Visitation and Seed Production of Sesame (Sesamum indicum Linnaeus)

An experiment to determine the effect of various bee attractants on bee visitation and quantitative parameters in sesame crops was conducted during the kharif season in Amritsar, Punjab. The 10% concentration of each bee attractant (honey solution, jaggary solution, sugar solution, sugar+jaggary solution, and glucon-D+milk powder) was sprayed twice at 10 and 50% flowering of the crop, and bee visitation (no. of bees/5 minutes/m2 area) was recorded three times a day at 0800, 1100 and 1400 hrs. After the first spray, a gradual increase in bee visitation was recorded from 1st to 5th day of observation, whereas after the second spray, bee visitation increased till 2nd day followed by a steady decline afterwards. The bee species, including Apis mellifera, Apis cerana, Apis dorsata and Megachile lanata, were observed at a maximum on plots sprayed with honey solution (4.49±0.49, 3.91±0.39, 3.17±0.28, 3.59±0.25 bees/m2/5 min, respectively), followed by jaggary solution, sugar solution, sugar+jaggary solution, and glucon-D+milk powder. Among the quantitative parameters, the maximum number of capsules per plant (141.86±0.93), seeds per capsule (68.80±0.15), test weight (4.22±0.12 g), and seed yield (5.99 q/ha) were recorded with honey solution.

How Does Decoy Pricing Affect Purchasing Decisions?

Abstract This paper is devoted to the cognitive biases of decoy pricing, which has become the subject of interest of retail companies in recent years. The paper analyses the principles of the decoy effect with regard to consumer behaviour in the Czech Republic (which represents customers of the Eastern Europe). The analytical part of the paper focuses on examination of often irrational consumer decision-making process, with respect to age, gender, product group, and other factors. A combination of questionnaire survey (N=200) and interviews (N=32) was used. The results indicate a significant influence of the generation the consumer belongs to, further differences in decision-making according to gender, as well as differences in effects in various product categories. The findings may be utilised by companies considering the use of decoy pricing strategies in the Czech market.

Customer Satisfaction Role in Mediating the Influence of Service Quality and Promotional Appeal on Electronic Word of Mouth

The rapid development of technology has a role in the relationship between business owners and customers. This is shown by the many messages in the form of reviews or recommendations submitted by customers via the internet or also called Electronic Word of Mouth (E-WOM). This study aims to analyze the role of customer satisfaction in mediating the effect of service quality and promotional attractiveness on electronic word of mouth. The population in this study consists of GoFood service users on the GoJek application in Bali represented by three regencies and one city, and the exact number cannot be mentioned or calculated (unlimited). The sampling method used in this study was purposive sampling. In this study, inferential statistics used Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) based on Partial Least Square (PLS) analysis. Data collection was carried out using questionnaires in the form of Google Forms distributed through social media. The results showed that the quality of service and the attractiveness of promotions had a positive and significant effect on customer satisfaction. The quality of service has a positive and significant effect on electronic word of mouth, while the attractiveness of promotion does not have a significant effect on electronic word of mouth. Customer Satisfaction has a positive and significant effect on Electronic Word of Mouth. Customer satisfaction partially mediates the effect of service quality on electronic word of mouth and fully mediates the effect of promotional attractiveness on electronic word of mouth. The implication of the results of this study is the importance of attention to service quality and promotional attractiveness in an effort to increase customer satisfaction and E-WOM.

Tourism demand forecasting: a deep learning model based on spatial-temporal transformer

Purpose Incorporating dynamic spatial effects exhibits considerable potential in improving the accuracy of forecasting tourism demands. This study aims to propose an innovative deep learning model for capturing dynamic spatial effects. Design/methodology/approach A novel deep learning model founded on the transformer architecture, called the spatiotemporal transformer network, is presented. This model has three components: the temporal transformer, spatial transformer and spatiotemporal fusion modules. The dynamic temporal dependencies of each attraction are extracted efficiently by the temporal transformer module. The dynamic spatial correlations between attractions are extracted efficiently by the spatial transformer module. The extracted dynamic temporal and spatial features are fused in a learnable manner in the spatiotemporal fusion module. Convolutional operations are implemented to generate the final forecasts. Findings The results indicate that the proposed model performs better in forecasting accuracy than some popular benchmark models, demonstrating its significant forecasting performance. Incorporating dynamic spatiotemporal features is an effective strategy for improving forecasting. It can provide an important reference to related studies. Practical implications The proposed model leverages high-frequency data to achieve accurate predictions at the micro level by incorporating dynamic spatial effects. Destination managers should fully consider the dynamic spatial effects of attractions when planning and marketing to promote tourism resources. Originality/value This study incorporates dynamic spatial effects into tourism demand forecasting models by using a transformer neural network. It advances the development of methodologies in related fields.

Modeling walking accessibility to urban parks using Google Maps crowdsourcing database in the high-density urban environments of Hong Kong

Accessing urban parks is important for promoting physical activities and improving public health. In this study, we propose the use of Google Maps crowdsourcing data and the incorporation of park attractiveness to model urban park accessibility in the complex urban environments of Hong Kong. The difference between using geometric and route distance, the effect of park attractiveness in measuring accessibility, and the benefits gained from using walk time compared to distance are investigated. Our result shows that (1) route and geometric distances have a strong correlation with a conversion factor of about 1.5; (2) the common assumption that park size can be a proxy for describing attractiveness may not be correct. Instead, park attractiveness should be explicitly considered for a more effective accessibility modeling; and (3) estimation by walking time shows that there are non-negligible impacts from street conditions and traffic on urban park accessibility. Moreover, district hotspots short of park accessibility or attractiveness can be explicitly detected. Overall, this developed approach provides a flexible and informative approach to model the accessibility to urban parks. The outputs will help city planners, health professionals, and policymakers to evaluate and improve urban park planning and equity in accessibility in high-density cities.

Cu2O/Ag-coated wood-based biochar composites for efficient adsorption/photocatalysis synergistic degradation of high-concentration azo dyes

In order to effectively eliminate organic azo dyes with high concentrations from aqueous environments, novel adsorption/photocatalysis composites were prepared using Cu2O/Ag-coated carriers based on renewable wood-based biochar (MBC). The adsorption process of the prepared MBC@Cu2O/Ag-3 under electrostatic attraction, hydrogen bonding, and complexation effects was conformed to the proposed second-order kinetic model, and the total sorption capacity of Congo red (CR) and methyl orange (MO) reached 264.55 and 178.63 mg g−1, respectively. Moreover, the coordinated interaction of MBC, Cu2O, and Ag enhanced the visible light absorptivity, which further facilitated the effective dissociation of light-generated electrons from holes. The removal rates of CR and MO by MBC@Cu2O/Ag-3 in the presence of visible light were up to 98.4 % and 97.8 %, respectively. In addition, free radical capture and electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy analyses indicated that superoxide (·O2-) and hydroxyl (·OH) radicals were major activators during the photocatalytic progression, and the adsorption/photocatalysis mechanism was elucidated through a series of characterization experiments. This work shows that the utilization of natural biomass materials for the preparation of adsorption/photocatalysis composites with high added value can significantly contribute to water environmental protection and sustainable development.

Returning from overseas: STEMs migration and corporate digitalization

This paper investigates the spillover effect of cross-border migration of STEMs from the U.S. on corporate digitalization. Using a sample of Chinese high-tech enterprises (HTEs), we find that the cross-border migration of STEMs promotes the HTEs' digitalization. The talent attraction effect from the labor market and the market competition effect from the product market are proven to be two crucial channels. Further tests show that the spillover effect is more pronounced in samples with lower labor adjustment cost, higher employee care, and better employment environment. Finally, the above effect contributes to the high-quality development of HTEs. This paper verifies the impact of cross-border migration of human capital on corporate digitalization from the perspective of labor incentives, we provide policy insights for policymaker to seize the opportunity to bring in overseas STEMs.