Effects Of CuO Nanoparticles Research Articles

Effects of CuO nanoparticles on SAC composite solder joints: Microstructural and DFT study

In this paper, novel application possibilities of CuO nanoparticles were investigated in SAC0307 solder alloy for composite soldering purposes. CuO nanoparticles in 0.25 and 0.5 wt% were mixed into the solder paste to produce composite solder joints. Solder joints were manufactured using standard surface mounting technology from different solder pastes. The solder joints were loaded in an 85 °C/85RH% temperature and humidity test for 4000 h. It was found that the CuO composite solder joints showed improved mechanical quality due to the microstructural refinement, which was studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and focused ion beam (FIB) analysis. On the other hand, the corrosion resistance of CuO joints decreased, as they suffered localized corrosion extensively, which produced longer and more Sn whiskers on their surface than on the reference SAC0307. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations proved that CuO can bond to Sn, but CuO is not chemically inert in the solder bulk. CuO can start a cyclic reaction with the dispersed Cu6Sn5 intermetallics, which produces SnO2 in the solder bulk, ultimately enhancing corrosion. Therefore, CuO nanoparticles are suggested to be applied only in non-corrosive environments, such as space applications.

Combustion enhancement and emission reduction in RCCI engine using green synthesized CuO nanoparticles with Cymbopogon martinii methyl ester and phytol blends

Cymbopogon martini, also known as Palmarosa, is a grass species in the Cymbopogon genus, native to India and widely cultivated in tropical regions for oil production. Phytol, a constituent of chlorophyll, has garnered attention in the biofuels industry due to its potential for conversion into biodiesel through transesterification. Its abundance and renewable nature underscore its relevance for sustainable development. This study investigates the energy potential of waste Cymbopogon martinii Methyl Ester (CMME) in engine combustion systems using reactivity-controlled compression ignition (RCCI) in a single-cylinder, four-stroke diesel engine for low-temperature combustion. The process involves blending low-reactivity fuel (LRF), such as phytol (Acyclic diterpene alcohol and a constituent of chlorophyll), with high-reactivity fuel (HRF), namely CMME, in carefully monitored proportions. CMME25 is used as the primary fuel, supplemented with varying amounts of phytol (10 %, 20 %, and 30 %). Heat release rate (HRR) analysis indicates that phytol improves combustion efficiency up to a 20 % blend in RCCI mode. However, exceeding a 30 % phytol blend reduces brake thermal efficiency (BTE). RCCI mode also shows decreased nitrogen oxide and smoke emissions but increased hydrocarbon (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions. Improved homogeneity and ignition delay result in higher peak pressure and HRR compared to traditional methods. Further investigation focuses on the effects of CuO nanoparticles on a CMME25 and PHY20 % blend in RCCI mode. CuO nanoparticles (50–100 ppm) enhance brake thermal efficiency, improve combustion parameters (ignition delay, HRR, and cylinder pressure), and reduce emissions. The study concludes that a blend of CMME25+PHY20 % with 100 ppm CuO in RCCI mode is a promising alternative to traditional diesel fuel, offering a sustainable and efficient energy solution.

Effects of CuO nanoparticles in composted sewage sludge on rice-soil systems and their potential human health risks

The release of metal-based nanoparticles (MNPs) into sewage systems is worrisome due to their potential impact on crop-soil systems that are amended with sewage sludge. This study aimed to investigate the effects of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) in composted sewage sludge (CSS) on rice-soil systems and to assess the health risks associated with consuming CuO NP-contaminated rice produced by CSS amendment. CSS was treated with three doses of CuO NPs, resulting in Cu levels below the sludge limits (1500 mg Cu kg−1) for reuse as a soil amendment. Results showed that CuO NPs in CSS at environmentally acceptable levels had no negative effect on rice growth and yield. In fact, they enhanced biomass production, tillering capacity, and soil fertility by increasing N and K levels in the soil. In addition, CuO NPs in CSS (450–1450 mg Cu kg−1) promoted the accumulation of macro- and micro-minerals in rice grains, thereby improving the nutritional value of rice. However, Cu contamination in CSS led to elevated levels of toxic metals, especially As, in rice grains, posing potential health risks to both adults and children. In the presence of higher CuO NPs contamination in CSS, the hazard quotient of As exceeded one, indicating an increased risks of toxic metal exposure via rice consumption. This study raises concerns about potential long-term threats to human health posed by MNPs contamination in CSS and highlights the need to reevaluate the permissible limits of hazardous elements in sludge to ensure its safe reuse in agriculture.

Anti-capsular activity of CuO nanoparticles against Acinetobacter baumannii produce efflux pump

Copper oxide nanoparticles are modern kinds of antimicrobials, which may get a lot of interest in the clinical application. This study aimed to detect the anti-capsular activity of CuO nanoparticles against Acinetobacter baumannii produce efflux pump. Thirty-four different clinical A. baumannii isolates were collected and identified by the phenotypic and genetic methods by the recA gene as housekeeping. Antibiotic sensitivity and biofilm-forming ability, capsular formation were carried out. The effect of CuO nanoparticles on capsular isolates was detected, the synergistic effects of a combination CuO nanoparticles and gentamicin against A. baumannii were determined by micro broth checkerboard method, and the effect of CuO nanoparticles on the expression of ptk, espA and mexX genes was analyzed. Results demonstrated that CuO nanoparticles with gentamicin revealed a synergistic effect. Gene expression results show reducing the expression of these capsular genes by CuO nanoparticles is major conduct over reducing A. baumannii capsular action. Furthermore, results proved that there was a relationship between the capsule-forming ability and the absence of biofilm-forming ability. As bacterial isolates which were negative biofilm formation were positive in capsule formation and vice versa. In conclusion, CuO nanoparticles have the potential to be used as an anti-capsular agent against A. baumannii, and their combination with gentamicin can enhance their antimicrobial effect. The study also suggests that the absence of biofilm formation may be associated with the presence of capsule formation in A. baumannii. These findings provide a basis for further research on the use of CuO nanoparticles as a novel antimicrobial agent against A. baumannii and other bacterial pathogens, also to investigate the potential of CuO nanoparticles to inhibit the production of efflux pumps in A. baumannii, which are a major mechanism of antibiotic resistance.

Fabrication, characterization and effects of CuO nanoparticles on the optical behavior of polypyrrole polymeric films

The successful preparation of flexible PPy/CuO nanocomposite consisting of polypyrrole (PPy) with copper oxide (CuO) was achieved. The structural analysis of PPy and PPy/CuO was conducted by EDX, SEM, TEM, and FTIR techniques, which providing the successful fabrications of PPy/CuO nanocomposite films. The EDX analysis of thePPy/CuO nanocomposite reveals the presence of characteristic peaks corresponding to the elements of C, Cu, N, and O, with weight percentages of 47.46%, 9.05%, 19.08%, and 24.41%, respectively. The obtained results provide confirmation that the PPy/CuO nanocomposite film does not exhibit the presence of any impurity components. The FTIR noticed that all peaks of PPy spectrum also showed in the spectra of PPy/CuO nanocomposite films with a little shifts in peaks, in which these shifts increase with increasing contents of CuO nanoparticles. The findings of this study indicate that there are interactions occurring between PPy/CuO. Furthermore, SEM was employed to elucidate the morphological of the (PPy) and PPy/CuO. The SEM demonstrate that the copper oxide (CuO) are evenly distributed within the nanocomposite films. Using Tauc's relation, the band gap and Urbach energy of PPy and PPy/CuO films. were determined. The addition of varying concentrations (2.5%, 5%, and 10%) of CuO to PPy increase the Urbach tail of PPy, resulting in energy values of 1.08 eV, 1.11 eV, and 1.13 eV, correspondingly. Simultaneously, the presence of CuO causes reduction in the band gap of PPy from 3.42 eV to 3.35 eV, 3.32 eV, and 3.30 eV. Consequently, the incorporation of CuO into PPy/CuO composite films induces both structural and optical modifications, rendering these films suitable for utilization in optoelectronic devices.

Retraction Note to: Effects of CuO nanoparticles on compressive strength of self-compacting concrete

Retraction Note to: Effects of CuO nanoparticles on compressive strength of self-compacting concrete

Influence of Aging on Bioaccumulation and Toxicity of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles and Dissolved Copper in the Sediment-Dwelling Oligochaete Tubifex tubifex: A Long-Term Study Using a Stable Copper Isotope.

For engineered metal nanoparticles (NPs), such as copper oxide (CuO) NPs, the sediment is recognized as a major compartment for NP accumulation. Sediment-dwelling organisms, such as the worm Tubifex tubifex, will be at particular risk of metal and metal NP exposure. However, a range of complex transformation processes in the sediment affects NP bioavailability and toxicity as the contamination ages. The objective of this study was to examine bioaccumulation and adverse effects of CuO NPs in T. tubifex compared to dissolved Cu (administered as CuCl2) and the influence of aging of spiked sediment. This was done in a 28-day exposure experiment with T. tubifex incubated in clean sediment or freshly spiked sediment with different concentrations of dissolved Cu (up to 230 μg g−1 dw) or CuO NPs (up to 40 μg g−1 dw). The experiment was repeated with the same sediments after it had been aged for 2 years. To obtain a distinct isotopic signature compared to background Cu, both Cu forms were based on the stable isotope 65Cu (>99%). The 28-day exposure to sediment-associated dissolved 65Cu and 65CuO NPs resulted in a clear concentration-dependent increase in the T. tubifex 65Cu body burden. However, despite the elevated 65Cu body burdens in exposed worms, limited adverse effects were observed in either of the two experiments (e.g., above 80% survival in all treatments, low or no effects on the growth rate, feeding rate, and reproduction). Organisms exposed to aged sediments had lower body burdens of 65Cu than those exposed to freshly spiked sediments and we suggest that aging decreases the bioavailability of both 65Cu forms. In this study, the use of a stable isotope made it possible to use environmentally realistic Cu concentrations and, at the same time, differentiate between newly accumulated 65Cu and background Cu in experimental samples despite the high background Cu concentrations in sediment and T. tubifex tissue. Realistic exposure concentrations and aging of NPs should preferably be included in future studies to increase environmental realism to accurately predict the environmental risk of metal NPs.

Biodynamics and adverse effects of CuO nanoparticles and CuCl2 in the oligochaete T. tubifex: Cu form influence biodynamics in water, but not sediment

The use of copper oxide (CuO) NPs results in the release of these particles into the aquatic environment. Here, the particles settle out and accumulate in the sediment. However, little is known about the biodynamics of sediment-associated NPs in benthic organisms. We compared the toxicity and biodynamics of CuO NPs (7 nm) and dissolved Cu (CuCl2) in the sediment-dwelling oligochaete, Tubifex tubifex, to gain insights into the relative importance of metal form (CuCl2 vs CuO NPs) and exposure route (water vs sediment). Isotopically enriched 65Cu was used as a tracer to distinguish background from newly accumulated 65Cu in worms. For each exposure route, we conducted three experiments: one uptake, one elimination, and one longer-term net accumulation experiment to parameterize uptake and elimination of 65CuCl2 and 65CuO NPs in T. tubifex. 65Cu accumulation was detected for both 65CuCl2 and 65CuO NPs regardless of whether T. tubifex were exposed in sediment- or water-only setups. Water exposures to 65CuCl2 resulted in tail trauma whereas limited effects were seen for sediment exposures or exposures to 65CuO NPs via either exposure route. Uptake rate constants and accumulation of 65Cu in T. tubifex were higher following 65CuCl2 exposure than 65CuO NPs, in water, but not in sediment. Thus, the relative importance of exposure route and Cu form for uptake dynamics is not straightforward suggesting that findings on bioaccumulation and toxicity in water exposures cannot be directly extrapolated to sediment.

A numerical study on the effects of nanoparticles and stair fins on performance improvement of phase change thermal energy storages

Using nano-enhanced phase change materials is a widespread passive method to improve the melting performance, and also the storage capacity of the thermal energy storage units. In this study, the effects of CuO nanoparticles (0≤φ≤1.5%) and new proposed stair fins on the efficiency improvement of latent heat thermal energy storage units are investigated. The stair fins are arranged in both upward and downward directions from the heated walls and the stair ratio is in the range of 0.67≤b/c≤4.0. One of the vertical walls of the PCM enclosure is subject to uniform temperature and the other three walls are insulted. The numerical results show that by adding nanoparticles with volume concentration of φ=1.5% for b/c = 0.67 to the flow, the energy storage capacity is enhanced by 9.1% compared to the pure PCM with downward fins. The maximum energy storage capacity of 474.1 kJ is achieved by using descending stair fins with b/c = 4.0 and φ=1.5% which is much higher compared to the cases without nano additives. Besides, the melting performance is significantly improved by adding the nanoparticles. In fact, nanoparticles improve the thermal conductivity of the fluid and also act as a heat sink to absorb the heat from the fins. The downward fins with larger stair ratios (b/c = 4.0) perform significantly better than the upwards ones which is because of the free convection effects and the recirculations flows on the upper face of these fins.

CuO Nanoparticle Exposure Impairs the Root Tip Cell Walls of Arabidopsis thaliana Seedlings

The increasing number of applications of nanoparticles (NPs) in various fields has led to negative effects on the environment. In this study, the effects of CuO nanoparticles (CuO NPs) on Arabidopsis root tips were investigated. Significant growth inhibition on Arabidopsis roots was observed after treatment with both CuO NPs (10 mg/L) and the correspondingly released Cu2+ (0.80 mg/L). Scanning electron microscope images demonstrated that NPs primarily deposited on the surface of root tips and penetrated intercellular spaces after CuO NP exposure. Light and fluorescence microscope visualization revealed that the root tips were damaged severely after CuO NP exposure, with swelling of the hair zone, splitting of the cell wall junction, and disordered cell arrangement in the root tip. Semiquantitative analysis by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy demonstrated that the cell wall xyloglucan and esterified pectin contents in the roots were decreased. Similar but weaker effects on the roots were detected after Cu2+ treatment. Additionally, some genes related to cell wall organization were downregulated by CuO NP stress, partially contributing to the cell wall component change. The results demonstrated that CuO NPs produced phytotoxicity to the cell wall through both physical damage and biochemical disruption, causing loosening of the tethers between cellulose microfibrils in the cell wall and the disruption of cell adhesion. The phytotoxicity of CuO NPs in the plant cell wall was mainly caused by NPs and was partially related to the released Cu2+. These findings are helpful to understand better the negative effects of CuO NPs on plant regarding the cell wall.

Effects of CuO nanoparticles as phase change material on chemical, thermal and mechanical properties of asphalt binder and mixture

Copper oxide nanopowders (Nano-CuO) as phase change material (PCM), Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene (SBS), and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as a conductive material, were added separately and together in five combination designs to hot mix asphalt (HMA). Controlling the thermal energy transfer was achieved by using Nano-CuO. FTIR analysis illustrated that PCM eliminated the destructive bonds that caused short and long term aging in asphalt binder. From the DSR test results, it was deduced that the modified asphalt binders met the fatigue resistance limit. It was determined that the thermal energy storage (TES) in PCM-modified asphalt binders increased and, also glass transition temperature Tg significantly improved, melting peak temperature Tpm were higher than the pure asphalt binder, and crystallization peak temperature Tpc decreased by 7 °C. According to BBR test results, creep stiffness St and m-value for the modified asphalt binders adhere to the permissible limits at −6 °C. Nano-CuO-modified asphalt binders significantly increased the specific heat capacity Cp of asphalt binders and decreased the temperature and moisture susceptibility. Overall, the combination, including all the three additives, had the most acceptable properties.

The effects of CuO nanoparticles on wheat seeds and seedlings and Alternaria solani fungi: in vitro study

The paper analyses the influence of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) dispersions (0.01…1 g/L) on seed germination capacity, development and biochemical status of wheat seedlings. Also the paper presents the results of the in vitro study of effect produced by CuO NPs (0.001…0.1 g/L) on Alternaria solani fungi. The most pronounced combined positive effect on the studied parameters has been observed at 0.01 g/L concentration of copper oxide nanoparticles. Improvement of germination capacity by 14.5 per cent and a twofold increase in the root and stem length compared to the control group have been recorded at this concentration. At higher NPs content in the dispersion stimulation was combined with toxic effects (decrease of root length). A slight impact of NPs on the activity of antioxidant system enzymes has been registered at concentrations of 0.01 g/L and 1 g/L. CuO NPs at 0.001…0.1 g/L concentrations inhibited Alternaria solani mycelium development and spore germination by 34-50 per cent, but the ionic solution of CuCl2·6H2O displayed higher efficacy. The obtained results can be used for development of new micronutrient fertilizers and crop protection agents based on copper nanoparticles.

Effects of CuO Nanoparticles on the Growth of Kale

Effects of CuO Nanoparticles on the Growth of Kale

Camellia Sinensis Leaf Extract Mediated Synthesis of Copper Oxide Nanostructures for Potential Biomedical Applications

Despite the great progress in nanotechnologies, to date, there is still a lack of definite knowledge on the effects of CuO nanoparticles on cancer cell lines. In this present work, CuO nanoparticles were synthesized using Tea (Camellia sinensis) leaf extract. The devised method provides a simple, cost-effective aqueous means of producing spherical copper oxide nanoparticles. Preliminary characterization of green synthesized CuO NPs was carried out using UV-Vis spectroscopy, XRD, FT-IR, Zeta Potential, TEM and SAED analysis. The average crystallite size of the CuO nanoparticles is estimated to be 22.44 nm and the band gap for CuO nanoparticles was found to be 1.54 eV which are higher than bulk CuO. TEM images of CuO NPs shows a spherical morphology with moderate size distribution of larger nanoparticles due to agglomeration. The average particle size obtained from TEM is in the range of 25-32 nm which agrees well with the crystallite size calculated from XRD. CuO NPs has negative zeta potential of -70.2 mV which could keep it suspension stability for longer period of time. The antibacterial activity test results revealed a highest inhibition zone of 21 mm for gram positive S.aureus. Gram positive Staphylococcus aureus and gram negative Klebsiella pneumonia depicted highest sensitivity to nanoparticles compared to other strains and was more adversely affected by the copper oxide nanoparticles. CuO NPs have been tested for their potent cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 (breast cancer cells) using MTT assay. CuO NPs at the concentration of 50 μg/ml decreased the viability of MCF-7 cells by 50%.The quantification of cellular CuO NPs uptake using the imaging revealed a clear dose dependent toxic activity

The effects of ethanolic herbal extracts and CuO nanoparticles on catalase, glutathione peroxidase and malondialdehyde in male diabetic rats

AbstractAntioxidants can reduce the occurrence of long-term damages, caused by free radicals. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of CuO nanoparticles and hydroalcoholic extracts of

Cytotoxic and Proinflammatory Effects of Metal-Based Nanoparticles on THP-1 Monocytes Characterized by Combined Proteomics Approaches.

Thorough characterization of toxic effects of nanoparticles (NP) is desirable due to the increasing risk of potential environmental contamination by NP. In the current study, we combined three recently developed proteomics approaches to assess the effects of Au, CuO, and CdTe NP on the innate immune system. The human monocyte cell line THP-1 was employed as a model. The anticancer drugs camptothecin and doxorubicin were used as positive controls for cell death, and lipopolysaccharide was chosen as a positive control for proinflammatory activation. Despite equivalent overall toxicity effect (50 ± 10% dead cells), the three NP induced distinctly different proteomics signatures, with the strongest effect being induced by CdTe NP, followed by CuO and gold NP. The CdTe toxicity mechanism involves down-regulation of topoisomerases. The effect of CuO NP is most reminiscent of oxidative stress and involves up-regulation of proteins involved in heat response. The gold NP induced up-regulation of the inflammatory mediator, NF-κB, and its inhibitor TIPE2 was identified as a direct target of gold NP. Furthermore, gold NP triggered activation of NF-κB as evidenced by phosphorylation of the p65 subunit. Overall, the combined proteomics approach described here can be used to characterize the effects of NP on immune cells.

Formation and effects of CuO nanoparticles on Ag/SnO2 electrical contact materials

The Ag/SnO2 contact materials modified by the in situ formed CuO nanoparticles were prepared through a self-assembly-precipitation method combined with powder metallurgy. The micro morphology and composition proportion of the Ag-CuO composite powders were investigated. The microstructures and physical properties of the prepared Ag-CuO/SnO2 materials were studied. After arc erosion, the surface morphology and element distributions of the Ag-CuO/SnO2 materials were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Electron Probe Microanalysis (EPMA). The results showed that the CuO nanoparticles smaller than 10 nm were formed on the whole surface of Ag powder. The electrical conductivity of the Ag/SnO2 contact materials was significantly increased with the introduction of CuO, and the hardness, however, was slightly decreased, which could improve the workability. The formation of ultrafine CuO nanoparticles significantly improved the arc dispersion and arc erosion resistance of Ag/SnO2 materials. The aggregation of SnO2 particles in the erosion area was effectively suppressed.

Effects of CuO nanoparticles on an in vitro model of intestinal barrier

Effects of CuO nanoparticles on an in vitro model of intestinal barrier

Effects of CuO nanoparticles on Lemna minor.

BackgroundCopper dioxide nanoparticles (NPs), which is a kind of important and widely used metal oxide NP, eventually reaches a water body through wastewater and urban runoff. Ecotoxicological studies of this kind of NPs effects on hydrophyte are very limited at present. Lemna minor was exposed to media with different concentrations of CuO NPs, bulk CuO, and two times concentration of Cu2+ released from CuO NPs in culture media. The changes in plant growth, chlorophyll content, antioxidant defense enzyme activities [i.e., peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities], and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were measured in the present study. The particle size of CuO NPs and the zeta potential of CuO NPs and bulk CuO in the culture media were also analyzed to complementally evaluate their toxicity on duckweed.ResultResults showed that CuO NPs inhibited the plant growth at lower concentration than bulk CuO. L. minor roots were easily broken in CuO NPs media under the experimental condition, and the inhibition occurred only partly because CuO NPs released Cu2+ in the culture media. The POD, SOD, and CAT activities of L. minor increased when the plants were exposed to CuO NPs, bulk CuO NPs and two times the concentration of Cu2+ released from CuO NPs in culture media, but the increase of these enzymes were the highest in CuO NPs media among the three kinds of materials. The MDA content was significantly increased compared with that of the control from 50 mg L−1 CuO NP concentration in culture media.ConclusionCuO NPs has more toxicity on L. minor compared with that of bulk CuO, and the inhibition occurred only partly because released Cu2+ in the culture media. The plant accumulated more reactive oxygen species in the CuO NP media than in the same concentration of bulk CuO. The plant cell encountered serious damage when the CuO NP concentration reached 50 mg L−1 in culture media. The toxicology of CuO NP on hydrophytes must be considered because that hydrophytes are the basic of aquatic ecosystem.

New insights in the acute toxic/genotoxic effects of CuO nanoparticles in the in vivo Drosophila model

Metal oxide nanoparticles are highly reactive from the biological point of view and, for this reason, it exists important reservations in regard human health impact. We used Drosophila as a promising in vivo model to diagnose the biological effects of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NPs). Due to the potential role of ions release the effects of CuO-NPs were compared with those induced by copper sulfate, CuSO4. A wide battery of approaches has been used including toxicity, cell and body internalization, induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as well as changes in gene expression, related to both general stress and alterations in the intestinal barrier, and genotoxicity. The obtained results show that CuO-NPs have the ability to be distributed inside midgut cells and translocate to the general body compartment (internal hemolymph) interacting with hemocytes. Its exposure leads to reduced larval growth, decreased flies viability, delaying their emergency periods, especially at higher doses (2 and 10 mM). Moreover, deregulation of stress genes including antioxidant genes, and genes involved in wound healing were also observed. In this point it should be emphasized the novelty of using genes such as Duox, Upd3, PPO2, and Hml to determine injury on the intestinal barrier. On the other hand, CuO-NPs had non-genotoxic potential, in agreement with their inability to increase ROS production. In general dissolved copper produced higher toxic/genotoxic effects than those induced by CuO-NPs which would indicate that copper ions alone are more important in inducing harmful effects than copper nanoparticles itself.