Effects Of Climate Change Research Articles

Contrasting effects of climate change on denitrification and nitrogen load reduction in the Po River (Northern Italy).

An increase in water temperature is one of the main factors that can potentially modify biogeochemical dynamics in lowland rivers, such as the removal and recycling of nitrogen (N). This effect of climate change on N processing deserves attention, as it may have unexpected impacts on eutrophication in the coastal zones. Intact sediment cores were collected seasonally at the closing section of the Po River, the largest Italian river and one of the main N inputs to the Mediterranean Sea. Benthic oxygen fluxes, denitrification, and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) rates were measured using laboratory dark incubations. Different temperature treatments were set up for each season based on historical data and future predictions. Higher water temperatures enhanced sediment oxygen demand and the extent of hypoxic conditions in the benthic compartment, favoring anaerobic metabolism. Indeed, warming water temperature stimulated nitrate (NO3-) reduction processes, although NO3- and organic matter availability were found to be the main controlling factors shaping the rates between seasons. Denitrification was the main process responsible for NO3- removal, mainly supported by NO3- diffusion from the water column into the sediments, and much more important than N recycling via DNRA. The predicted increase in the water temperature of the Po River due to climate change may exert an unexpected negative feedback on eutrophication by strongly controlling denitrification and contributing to partial buffering of N export in the lagoons and coastal areas, especially in spring.

Weathering the storm: Effect of climate change on acute stroke care and stroke rehabilitation.

Climate change has deleterious effects on stroke recovery, disproportionately affecting populations with increased stroke incidence. These effects start prior to the acute care hospitalization, precipitated by environmental etiologies and are sustained throughout the life course of stroke survivors. Health care practitioners play a critical role in identifying these concerns and mitigating their impact through effective strategies at the patient level, interventions at the community level, and advocacy at the state and federal level. As the experts on improvement in function, quality of life, and the mitigation of disability, physiatrists have the opportunity to lead efforts in this space for stroke survivors and their caregivers.

Methane-cycling microbial communities from Amazon floodplains and upland forests respond differently to simulated climate change scenarios

Seasonal floodplains in the Amazon basin are important sources of methane (CH4), while upland forests are known for their sink capacity. Climate change effects, including shifts in rainfall patterns and rising temperatures, may alter the functionality of soil microbial communities, leading to uncertain changes in CH4 cycling dynamics. To investigate the microbial feedback under climate change scenarios, we performed a microcosm experiment using soils from two floodplains (i.e., Amazonas and Tapajós rivers) and one upland forest. We employed a two-factorial experimental design comprising flooding (with non-flooded control) and temperature (at 27 °C and 30 °C, representing a 3 °C increase) as variables. We assessed prokaryotic community dynamics over 30 days using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and qPCR. These data were integrated with chemical properties, CH4 fluxes, and isotopic values and signatures. In the floodplains, temperature changes did not significantly affect the overall microbial composition and CH4 fluxes. CH4 emissions and uptake in response to flooding and non-flooding conditions, respectively, were observed in the floodplain soils. By contrast, in the upland forest, the higher temperature caused a sink-to-source shift under flooding conditions and reduced CH4 sink capability under dry conditions. The upland soil microbial communities also changed in response to increased temperature, with a higher percentage of specialist microbes observed. Floodplains showed higher total and relative abundances of methanogenic and methanotrophic microbes compared to forest soils. Isotopic data from some flooded samples from the Amazonas river floodplain indicated CH4 oxidation metabolism. This floodplain also showed a high relative abundance of aerobic and anaerobic CH4 oxidizing Bacteria and Archaea. Taken together, our data indicate that CH4 cycle dynamics and microbial communities in Amazonian floodplain and upland forest soils may respond differently to climate change effects. We also highlight the potential role of CH4 oxidation pathways in mitigating CH4 emissions in Amazonian floodplains.

Long-term effects of climate change on juvenile bull shark migratory patterns.

Seasonal variability in environmental conditions is a strong determinant of animal migrations, but warming temperatures associated with climate change are anticipated to alter this phenomenon with unknown consequences. We used a 40-year fishery-independent survey to assess how a changing climate has altered the migration timing, duration and first-year survival of juvenile bull sharks (Carcharhinus leucas). From 1982 to 2021, estuaries in the western Gulf of Mexico (Texas) experienced a mean increase of 1.55°C in autumn water temperatures, and delays in autumn cold fronts by ca. 0.5 days per year. Bull shark migrations in more northern estuaries concomitantly changed, with departures 25-36 days later in 2021 than in 1982. Later, migrations resulted in reduced overwintering durations by up to 81 days, and the relative abundance of post-overwintering age 0-1 sharks increased by >50% during the 40-year study period. Yet, reductions in prey availability were the most influential factor delaying migrations. Juvenile sharks remained in natal estuaries longer when prey were less abundant. Long-term declines in prey reportedly occurred due to reduced spawning success associated with climate change based on published reports. Consequently, warming waters likely enabled and indirectly caused the observed changes in shark migratory behaviour. As water temperatures continue to rise, bull sharks in the north-western Gulf of Mexico could forgo their winter migrations in the next 50-100 years based on current trends and physiological limits, thereby altering their ecological roles in estuarine ecosystems and recruitment into the adult population. It is unclear if estuarine food webs will be able to support changing residency patterns as climate change affects the spawning success of forage species. We expect these trends are not unique to the western Gulf of Mexico or bull sharks, and migratory patterns of predators in subtropical latitudes are similarly changing at a global scale.

Can blue-green infrastructure counteract the effects of climate change on combined sewer overflows? study of a swiss catchment

Can blue-green infrastructure counteract the effects of climate change on combined sewer overflows? study of a swiss catchment

Solar-driven water evaporation using a collaborative photothermal conversion material system based on carbonized waste polyphenylene sulfide and copper sulfide.

Recently, water resources have become scarce due to the growing global population and human impact on the environment, coupled with the effects of climate change. For solving the problem of global freshwater shortage and increasing the value of discarded polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) filter bags, in this study, balsa wood was used as the base of a photothermal solar evaporator, chitosan solution was used as the binder, and the main photothermal conversion materials used were polyphenylene sulfide (CP) carbide and copper sulfide. In order to create synergistic photothermal conversion materials, freeze-drying and in situ precipitation were used to deposit the photothermal conversion materials on top of the balsa wood. The prepared CP/CuS-wood evaporator has excellent water evaporation performance and light conversion capability, with a water evaporation rate of 2.68 kg m-2 h-1 and a photothermal conversion efficiency of 93.2% under simulated one solar intensity irradiation. In addition, the evaporator can effectively remove organic dyes such as methylene blue and methyl orange. The evaporator's durability and seawater desalination capability have also been confirmed through seawater desalination experiments and outdoor tests. Studies have shown that solar interface photothermal evaporators are a viable solution for desalination and wastewater treatment. This eco-friendly, economically viable and stable photothermal evaporator mentioned in this paper has pioneering features and will be a new paradigm for desalination and wastewater treatment.

Influence of Temperature and Water Availability on Seed Germination of Cicer Milkvetch (Astragulus Cicer L.) and Purple Prairie Clover (Dalea Purpurea Vent. Var. Pupurea)

Global warming may leads a decrease in plant diversity and increased risk for some plant extinction does exist. The effect of temperature and water availability on seed germination were investigated in many plants, and are two of the most important factors on seed germination, for the plant survival that can result in a loss or increase under global climate change scenarios, by affecting a plant's recruitment success. Therefore, research on how climate change affects seed germination is essential for our research and ability to predict the risk for plants. To examine the possible effect of climate change on two commonly grown legumes a greenhouse experiment was run at at AAFC-SPARC. One was an introduced legume, cicer milkvetch, and the other a native legume, purple prairie clover. Our findings were: the experiment with warmer temperature and decreased soil moisture to research seed germination, the result is that reduction in the total both seed germination rate occurs, and showed the seed germination of purple prairie clover is better for the more stressful temperatures and water potentials examined in this experiment. For both legumes were examined on the control water potential the best temperature range is from 20℃ to 30℃ .

Spatial heterogeneity in climate change effects across Brazilian biomes

We present a methodology designed to study the spatial heterogeneity of climate change. Our approach involves decomposing the observed changes in temperature patterns into multiple trend, cycle, and seasonal components within a spatio-temporal model. We apply this method to test the hypothesis of a global long-term temperature trend against multiple trends in distinct biomes. Applying this methodology, we delve into the examination of heterogeneity of climate change in Brazil—a country characterized by a spectrum of climate zones. The findings challenge the notion of a global trend, revealing the presence of distinct trends in warming effects, and more accelerated trends for the Amazon and Cerrado biomes, indicating a composition between global warming and deforestation in determining changes in permanent temperature patterns.

Customer Brand Engagement and Value Co-Creation for Green Product During the COVID-19

Global warming that is happening today is the effect of extreme climate change. This is a concern for companies to issue environmentally friendly products. The Covid-19 pandemic has forced many businesses to change their processes to adapt to the new normal. Due to the fear of contamination caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, consumers are starting to shop from home rather than going out, as they perceive it as low risk. Therefore, there has been a change in consumer attitudes and behaviour, and this pandemic has changed consumer buying behaviour. Brands are advised to continue to carry out genuine communication with the public through various social media to build stronger bonds (solid bonds) with potential consumers to create shared value creations, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, which adopts the new normal and stays at home. Aim: This study aims to understand better the nature of engagement that creates value co-creation during the COVID-19 period and in the future for green products. Method: This paper conducted an online survey with 130 adult subjects. This paper used structural equation modelling was used to test research hypotheses. Result: The results analysis revealed that customer experience has a significant effect on individual customer brand engagement and community customer brand engagement. In addition, individual customer brand engagement significantly impacts value co-creation. This paper contributes to consumer buying behaviour for green products during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Energy Management System for a Residential Positive Energy District Based on Fuzzy Logic Approach (RESTORATIVE)

There is a clear European Strategy to transition by 2050 from a fossil fuel-based economy to a completely new system based on renewable energy resources, with electricity as the main energy carrier. Positive Energy Districts (PEDs) are urban areas that produce at least as much energy as their yearly consumption. To meet this objective, they must incorporate distributed generation based on renewable systems within their boundaries. This article considers the fluctuations in electricity prices and local renewable availability and develops a PED model with a centralised energy storage system focused on electricity self-sufficiency and self-consumption. We present a fuzzy logic-based energy management system which optimises the state of charge of the energy storage solution considering local electricity production and loads along with the contracted electric tariff. The methodology is tested in a PED comprising 360 households in Bilbao (a city in the north of Spain), setting various scenarios, including changes in the size of the electric storage, long-term climate change effects, and extreme changes in the price of energy carriers. The study revealed that the assessed PED could reach up to 75.6% self-sufficiency and 76.8% self-consumption, with climate change expected to improve these values. On economic aspects, the return on investment of the proposal ranges from 6 up to 12 years depending on the configuration choice. Also, the case that boosts the economic viability is tight to non-business as usual (BaU), whichever event spiked up the prices or climate change conditions shortens the economic variables. The average bill is around 12.89 EUR/month per house for scenario BaU; meanwhile, a catastrophic event increases the bill by as much as 76.7%. On the other hand, climate crisis events impact energy generation, strengthening this and, as a consequence, slightly reducing the bill by up to 11.47 EUR/month.

The Impact of Climate Changes on Environmental Conservation in Coastal Tourism and Beach Resort

Coastal tourism and beach resorts are considered the most vulnerable tourism activities to climate change. This paper seeks to achieve two objectives: first, to examine climate change's impact on the value of tourists' experience in coastal tourism and beach resorts; Secondly, to identify the adaptation strategies applied to coastal tourism and beach resort hotels to reduce the negative effects of climate changes. A quantitative approach was adopted in this research to test the study hypotheses. Hurghada was selected as a case study. A convenience sample technique was chosen in this research to collect data from visitors of coastal tourism and beach resort hotel guests. A total of 250 questionnaires were distributed, and only 175 were returned and valid for analysis with a response rate of 70%. The findings showed that coastal tourism and beach resort hotels on the Red Sea are highly vulnerable to potential climate change risks such as floods, rising sea levels and rising temperatures. Also, the findings showed that climate changes negatively affect coastal tourism and beach resort hotels, affecting the value of the tourist experience. In addition, the results indicated that coastal tourism and beach resort hotels on the Red Sea coast in Hurghada are exposed to significant financial losses due to the threats of climate change. Beach resort hotels must be able to adapt to climate changes and mitigate their effects.

Green Energy : An Essential for 21st Century Living - A Study with Respect to India

The term Green Energy can also be referred to as that type of energy which is actually non-polluting and normally comes from renewables sources which means it does not go on to harm or damage the sorrounding environment. Now-a-day’s as most of the countries of various continents or parts of the modern world are trying to combat the negetive effect of adverse climate changes by reducing their carbon emissions by reducing their dependence on and usage of fossil fuels the scope of utilising Green Energy in the modern societies is expanding at a very rapid pace . In this paper we have tried to study and understand the importance of green energy in modern day’s environmental situations and how we can increase the usage of green energy in the modern world countries to protect the current and future generations from various types of environmental hazards and the required data needed for the study has been collected by applying both the primary and secondary methods of data collections

Effect of zeolite and irrigation treatments on grapevine leaves, an interdisciplinary approach

Abstract Aims Global warming depicts a real challenge for viticulture. As found by PubMed results, a 90% increase in the abiotic stress publications number from 2015 onwards is registered. Soil and grapevine response interaction to abiotic stress is arbitrated by an intricate signal transduction network that determines adaptive changes and modifications in gene expression mediated by the transcription factors (WRKY proteins). Briefly, (i) Does zeolite application affect canopy and biochemical leaf components? (ii) Is it possible to start a gene expression approach in an open-field vineyard, without fixed and stable external parameters obtaining an interconnected net of interdisciplinary data? (iii) Could the zeolite application be a corroborant tool to maintain a state of homeostasis in grapevine? Methods After a soil clinoptilolite treatment (the "Roca magica" well known as water moderator) and/or irrigation utilizing vines presented to drought and high sun exposure, we investigated leaf biochemical variations (proline, chlorophyll, and quercetins) and we analyzed with rt-PCR approach the expression of selected genes (VvWRKY47 and VvWRKY39). Results Lower water potential and leaf temperature were recorded in plants subjected to treatments against abiotic stress together with greater chlorophyll a, b, and less quercetin-3-O-glucoside. A down-regulation in VvWRKY47 gene and an up-regulation in VvWRKY39 gene were found. The VvWRKY47 showed interactions from the beginning with the zeolitic treatment. Conclusion The zeolite in our experiment acted as a water flywheel, mitigating the effects of climate change; plant-soil interactions were positively emphasized by clinoptilolite. Finally, results suggest that VvWRKY47 could be a valid candidate in the evaluation of drought and temperature stress in the open-field.

Macroinvertebrate response to run‐of‐river hydropower tailrace inflow: Spatial assessment of community and traits

AbstractRun‐of‐river (R‐O‐R) hydropower dams introduce two discontinuities in the river: the dam and the tailrace. Discontinuities can lead to changes in the water quality that may affect the survival of aquatic macroinvertebrates, depending on their traits. We investigated the invertebrate assemblage and community‐level traits in an urban river influenced by a small hydropower tailrace in Hokkaido, Japan. As a result of the tailrace inflow to the main channel, the bypassed reach was warmer, and the areas below the confluence were colder. Temperature was a consistent factor affecting the distribution of indicator taxa and of the five major taxa that contributed the most to dissimilarity, but other environmental factors also showed significant effects. At the community level, the weighted mean of taxa with warm preference showed a significant positive relationship with temperature, but taxa with cold preference did not appear to be filtered by the cold water delivered by the tailrace. However, sensitive taxa such as Ephemerella have already started showing negative responses to temperature. The observed distribution of cold‐preferring scrapers could negatively affect the energy transfer from primary producers to higher consumers in the bypassed reach. Appropriate mitigation of climate change effects in hydropower systems can be achieved by increasing the flow in the bypassed reach, especially during the summer months, to maintain a temperature regime that is adequate for the survival of macroinvertebrate populations and maintenance of ecosystem functions.

Climate change effects and their implications for the financial markets: Evidence from the United Kingdom

This study aims to examine how the climate affects the behaviour of the stock market. To achieve this, we have drawn on daily data from Jan 2005 to Jan 31, 2023 and several environmental factors (e.g., temperature, humidity, cloud cover and visibility) to account for extreme weather conditions using the 21-day moving average and its standard deviation. The empirical analysis has revealed three key findings regarding the impact of weather on the stock market's behaviour. First, various forms of extreme weather conditions consistently lead to influence stock behaviour. Second, results provide valuable insights into market behaviour and help investors to make more informed investment decisions. Third, the weather conditions have new information about the climate risk and investors should react to it swiftly in light of our findings. The saliency theory can help reconcile the theoretical conflicts between the real options and risk-shifting theories when it comes to investing in uncertain and extreme climate conditions.

Spatiotemporal Evolution Disparities of Vegetation Trends over the Tibetan Plateau under Climate Change

The Tibetan Plateau has experienced profound climate change with significant implication for spatial vegetation greenness. However, the spatiotemporal disparities of long-term vegetation trends in response to observed climate change remain unclear. Based on remote-sensing vegetation images indicated by the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) from two long-term combined datasets, GIMMS and MODIS, we identified two spatiotemporal evolution patterns (SEPs) in long-term vegetation anomalies across the Tibetan Plateau. This new perspective integrates spatial and temporal NDVI changes during the growing seasons over the past four decades. Notably, the dipole evolution pattern that rotates counterclockwise from May to September accounted for 62.8% of the spatial mean amplitude of vegetation trends, dominating the spatiotemporal disparities. This dominant pattern trend is attributed to simultaneous effects of spatial warming and rising CO2, which accounted for 75% and 15%, respectively, along with a lagged effect of dipole precipitation, accounting for 6%. Overall, wetting and warming promote greening evolution in the northern Tibetan Plateau, while slight drying and warming favor browning evolution in the southern Tibetan Plateau. These findings provide insights into the combined effects of climate change on spatiotemporal vegetation trends and inform future adaptive strategies in fragile regions.

The role of financial development, natural resources, and technology in determining green energy: New findings from the N‐11 countries

AbstractIn recent years, there has been a growing global emphasis on transitioning to renewable energy sources to mitigate the effects of climate change and promote sustainable development. The role of financial development, natural resources, and technology in determining the advancement of green energy has been a subject of ongoing research. This study examines the impact of financial development, natural resources, and technology on green energy development in N‐11 countries between 1990 and 2022, using economic growth and education as control variables. The empirical estimations are based on cross‐section dependence, testing for slope heterogeneity, second‐generation panel unit root tests, LM‐Bootstrap cointegration tests, fully modified ordinary least squares, and dynamic ordinary least squares. A 1% increase in natural resources is associated with a 0.0615% increase in the adoption of green energy. A 1% increase in education leads to a statistically significant increase of 1.0734% in the adoption of green energy financial development enables the deployment of renewable energy sources and access to financial resources. Natural resources determine the types of renewable energy technologies that are prioritized. Technological advancements drive the growth of renewable energy technologies and facilitate their integration into the energy mix. By analyzing the findings of recent studies on the N‐11 countries, we can gain valuable insights into the importance of these factors in advancing green energy and achieving sustainable energy development.

Aotearoa New Zealand’s new Government proposal to remove hard-won protection for waterways will worsen the country’s freshwater crisis

ABSTRACT Like many parts of the world, Aotearoa New Zealand’s waterways are under immense pressure from anthropogenic impacts that will be amplified by the effects of climate change. After decades of rising public concern, progress had been made on freshwater policy for the protection and restoration of the country’s waterbodies. However, a new Government elected at the end of 2023 threatens to undo that progress by implementing economic policies that will worsen the country’s freshwater crisis. This article was prompted by an open letter, signed by 51 freshwater experts and national and regional leaders on freshwater issues, urging the new Government not to reverse or undermine the progress made. It describes the state of the country’s waterways, provides a brief history of developments for freshwater in Aotearoa New Zealand, and highlights the influence of the country’s agricultural sector on its environmental policy.

A climate vulnerability assessment of the fish community in the Western Baltic Sea

Marine fisheries are increasingly impacted by climate change, affecting species distribution and productivity, and necessitating urgent adaptation efforts. Climate vulnerability assessments (CVA), integrating expert knowledge, are vital for identifying species that could thrive or suffer under changing environmental conditions. This study presents a first CVA for the Western Baltic Sea's fish community, a crucial fishing area for Denmark and Germany. Characterized by a unique mix of marine, brackish, and freshwater species, this coastal ecosystem faces significant changes due to the combined effects of overfishing, eutrophication and climate change. Our CVA involved a qualitative expert scoring of 22 fish species, assessing their sensitivity and exposure to climate change. Our study revealed a dichotomy in climate change vulnerability within the fish community of the Western Baltic Sea because traditional fishing targets cod and herring as well as other species with complex life histories are considered to face increased risks, whereas invasive or better adaptable species might thrive under changing conditions. Our findings hence demonstrate the complex interplay between life-history traits and climate change vulnerability in marine fish communities. Eventually, our study provides critical knowledge for the urgent development of tailored adaptation efforts addressing existing but especially future effects of climate change on fish and fisheries in the Western Baltic Sea, to navigate this endangered fisheries systems into a sustainable future.

Current flood risk management: gaps and perspectives in Stung Sen Catchment, Cambodia

ABSTRACT People who live in Cambodia's flood-prone areas are at a heightened risk of experiencing a flood disaster due to climate change and urbanization. Annual flood disasters have an impact on the Stung Sen River Basin, the largest tributary river of Tonle Sap Lake. Through interviews with pertinent stakeholders, we investigate the current gaps in flood control risk management at the Stung Sen Catchment, the national to local levels. At a common level, the Kampong Kor, Kampong Svay, and Meanchey were selected for the interview and field survey. The findings highlight that a top-down approach is used to alert locals about potential flood danger. The results emphasized the difficulties in addressing cross-border flood warning issues, the effects of incorrect urbanization development and climate change on vulnerable populations, and the inadequate readiness for the safety of children in flood-prone locations. Consequently, we suggest the integrated flood risk management framework as a very effective way to lessen the impact of flood risk for both present and future flood risk harm.