Effect Of Chronic Disease Research Articles

Dietary Behaviors, Nutrition Insecurity and Chronic Disease Effects on Self-Perceptions of Health

Dietary Behaviors, Nutrition Insecurity and Chronic Disease Effects on Self-Perceptions of Health

Prevalence of functional dependence and chronic diseases in the community-dwelling Brazilian older adults: an analysis by dependence severity and multimorbidity pattern

BackgroundDespite the advancements in knowledge about health care for older adults, essential gaps persist regarding the effects of chronic diseases as epidemiological markers of the state of functional dependence. This study aimed to identify the prevalence of moderate and severe functional dependence in Brazilian older adults and its association with chronic diseases and verify the multimorbidity patterns by dependence status.MethodsThis cross-sectional analytical study used data from 11,177 community-dwelling Brazilian older adults from the 2013 National Health Survey conducted in Brazil. The dependent variables were moderate and severe functional dependence in basic activities of daily living (BADLs) and instrumental ADLs (IADLs). The independent variables were defined based on the questions applied to measure each morbidity in a self-reported manner and asked, "Has a doctor ever diagnosed you as having (each disease)? Multimorbidity was simultaneously considered present for older adults with ≥ 2 chronic morbidities. The association between functional dependence on BADLs and IADLs separately by severity and the independent variables was verified from crude and adjusted estimates of the point prevalence ratios and their 95% confidence intervals using the regression model Poisson with robust variance. To group diseases into patterns, exploratory factor analysis was used.ResultsThe prevalences of moderate and severe BADL dependence were 10.2% (95% CI, 9.6–10.7) and 4.8% (95% CI, 4.4–5.2), respectively. Moderate and severe IADL dependence prevalences were 13.8% (95% CI, 13.1–14.4) and 15.6% (95% CI, 14.9%–16.2), respectively. When changing the condition from moderate to severe dependence in BADLs, in the presence of other mental illnesses and stroke, the probability of dependence increased more than four times in the case of other mental illnesses and more than five times for stroke. There was a linear trend for dependence severity, both moderate and severe, whereas, for severe dependence on IADLs, this same factor maintained a linear trend toward an increase in probability as the number of diseases simultaneously increased.ConclusionsChronic diseases are associated with functional dependence, with greater emphasis on mental illnesses and stroke in severe disability, considering their acute adverse effects.

The Effect of Various Types of Exercise on Gut Microbiota: A Systematic Review

Objective: Gut microbiota composition plays a pivotal role in health and emerging evidence supports the ability of exercise training programs to alter the gut microbiota’s composition and function, which could counteract dysbiosis and the effects of chronic diseases. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of different exercise methods on the composition of intestinal microbiota. Methods: We searched for published peer-reviewed articles in PubMed and Google Scholar databases up until January 2023. We searched using the terms "exercise", "education", "microbiome" and "microbiota". Results: By electronic search until January 2023 in the databases with keywords made in Mesh by mentioning Title/Abstract, several 1814 articles were collected. By repeating and performing filtering at each stage, 15 clinical trials were finally left in the study. The results showed varying degrees of efficacy and high inter-individual variations. In conclusion, the baseline microbiome profile was shown to have a decisive role in microbiome responsiveness to training intervention and training dose and duration seem to be a determining factor in all exercise modalities. Conclusion: In general, can be said that exercise can balance GM. More importantly, exercise is proposed to present a stressor to the gut that stimulates beneficial adaptations and improves long-term gut barrier flexibility over time through regular physical activity. It seems that the GM changes caused by aerobic exercise are reversible after returning to a sedentary lifestyle. Therefore, it is recommended that exercise initially causes a disrupts in GM that, with continued exercise and thus adaptation, revenues to the pre-exercise state.

The Effect of Various Types of Exercise on Gut Microbiota: A Systematic Review

Context: Gut microbiota composition plays a pivotal role in health and emerging evidence supports the ability of exercise training programs to alter the gut microbiota’s composition and function, which could counteract dysbiosis and the effects of chronic diseases. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of different exercise methods on the composition of intestinal microbiota. Methods: We searched for published peer-reviewed articles in PubMed and Google Scholar databases up until January 2023. We searched using the terms "exercise", "education", "microbiome" and "microbiota". Results: By electronic search until January 2023 in the databases with keywords made in Mesh by mentioning Title/Abstract, several 1814 articles were collected. By repeating and performing filtering at each stage, 15 clinical trials were finally left in the study. The results showed varying degrees of efficacy and high inter-individual variations. In conclusion, the baseline microbiome profile was shown to have a decisive role in microbiome responsiveness to training intervention and training dose and duration seem to be a determining factor in all exercise modalities. Conclusions: In general, can be said that exercise can balance gut microbiota (GM). More importantly, exercise is proposed to present a stressor to the gut that stimulates beneficial adaptations and improves long-term gut barrier flexibility over time through regular physical activity. It seems that the GM changes caused by aerobic exercise are reversible after returning to a sedentary lifestyle. Therefore, it is recommended that exercise initially causes a disrupts in GM that, with continued exercise and thus adaptation, revenues to the pre-exercise state.

Effect of chronic diseases on willingness to receive the second COVID-19 vaccine booster dose among cancer patients: A multicenter cross-sectional survey in China

Cancer patients and those with chronic diseases face severe outcomes from SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, their willingness to receive a second booster dose remains low. This study identified factors affecting the willingness of cancer patients with chronic diseases (CPCD) and cancer patients without chronic diseases (non-CPCD) to receive the second COVID-19 booster vaccine dose. A multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted across 4 tertiary care hospitals in China. Based on the Health Belief Model, a questionnaire assessed respondents' perceptions of the second booster dose. Multivariable logistic regression analyzed factors influencing the willingness to receive a second vaccine dose. Out of 171 CPCD and 722 non-CPCD, CPCD showed a higher willingness to receive the second booster dose than non-CPCD (46.8% vs 32.3%, P<.001). Factors influencing CPCD's willingness included the belief that vaccination was detrimental to cancer treatment and the perceived higher infection risk compared to healthy individuals. Fear of vaccination's negative impact on cancer treatment was the main factor affecting non-CPCD's willingness (each P<.05). Different factors influenced the willingness of the 2 groups. Health education interventions should be implemented alongside vaccination, involving patients' relatives and medical staff, for both CPCD and non-CPCD populations. Additionally, health management service interventions should emphasize the benefits of vaccination for CPCD to improve their second dose coverage.

Gender difference in the effects of chronic diseases on daily physical activity patterns in older adults: analysis of objectively measured physical activity in NHATS 2021

PurposeMany chronic diseases have detrimental impact on the physical activity (PA) patterns of older adults. Often such diseases have different degrees of severity in males and females. Quantifying this gender difference would not only enhance our understanding of diseases but would also help design individual-specific PA interventions, thereby improving health outcomes for both genders. MethodsPA data for 747 participants from round 11 (2021) of the National Health and Aging Trends Study were analyzed. Multilevel functional regression models were used to study gender difference in the effects of chronic diseases on daily PA patterns while adjusting for confounders. ResultsFemales with dementia (or Alzheimer’s disease), hypertension, heart and lung disease had lower PA at different times of day compared to females without these diseases, whereas males with and without these diseases had comparable daily PA. Males with diabetes had higher midnight PA and lower noon PA compared to males without diabetes, while females’ PA with and without diabetes were similar. ConclusionsOur analysis demonstrates that although for most diseases, the daily PA patterns of individuals with the disease are negatively altered compared to healthy individuals, the extent of decline varies by gender and time of day. Designing personalized physical activity interventions considering gender and diurnal PA pattern can potentially improve quality of life across both genders.

Factors Predicting Older People's Acceptance of a Personalized Health Care Service App and the Effect of Chronic Disease: Cross-Sectional Questionnaire Study.

Mobile health (mHealth) services enable real-time measurement of information on individuals' biosignals and environmental risk factors; accordingly, research on health management using mHealth is being actively conducted. The study aims to identify the predictors of older people's intention to use mHealth in South Korea and verify whether chronic disease moderates the effect of the identified predictors on behavioral intentions. A cross-sectional questionnaire study was conducted among 500 participants aged 60 to 75 years. The research hypotheses were tested using structural equation modeling, and indirect effects were verified through bootstrapping. Bootstrapping was performed 10,000 times, and the significance of the indirect effects was confirmed through the bias-corrected percentile method. Of 477 participants, 278 (58.3%) had at least 1 chronic disease. Performance expectancy (β=.453; P=.003) and social influence (β=.693; P<.001) were significant predictors of behavioral intention. Bootstrapping results showed that facilitating conditions (β=.325; P=.006; 95% CI 0.115-0.759) were found to have a significant indirect effect on behavioral intention. Multigroup structural equation modeling testing the presence or absence of chronic disease revealed a significant difference in the path of device trust to performance expectancy (critical ratio=-2.165). Bootstrapping also confirmed that device trust (β=.122; P=.039; 95% CI 0.007-0.346) had a significant indirect effect on behavioral intention in people with chronic disease. This study, which explored the predictors of the intention to use mHealth through a web-based survey of older people, suggests similar results to those of other studies that applied the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology model to the acceptance of mHealth. Performance expectancy, social influence, and facilitating conditions were revealed as predictors of accepting mHealth. In addition, trust in a wearable device for measuring biosignals was investigated as an additional predictor in people with chronic disease. This suggests that different strategies are needed, depending on the characteristics of users.

EPH89 Analysis of the Effect of Healthy Migrant on Chronic Diseases and Its Associated Social Determinants of Health

International migration has steadily increased in Chile, following an intraregional pattern. It has been described a healthy migrant effect (HME) hypothesis in which migrants have on average better health outcomes. However, diverse exposures during migration process might have potential health impacts. National evidence on HME remains inconclusive and needs to be updated. The objective is to analyze the existence of healthy migrant effect in chronic diseases and its association with social determinants of health.

Tartary Buckwheat Grain as a Source of Bioactive Compounds in Husked Groats.

Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn.) originates in mountain regions of Western China, and is cultivated in China, Bhutan, Northern India, Nepal, and Central Europe. The content of flavonoids in Tartary buckwheat grain and groats is much higher than in common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench), and depends on ecological conditions, such as UV-B radiation. Buckwheat intake has preventative effects in chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and obesity, due to its content of bioactive substances. The main bioactive compounds in Tartary buckwheat groats are flavonoids (rutin and quercetin). There are differences in the bioactivities of buckwheat groats obtained using different husking technologies, based on husking raw or pretreated grain. Husking hydrothermally pretreated grain is among the traditional ways of consuming buckwheat in Europe and some parts of China and Japan. During hydrothermal and other processing of Tartary buckwheat grain, a part of rutin is transformed to quercetin, the degradation product of rutin. By adjusting the humidity of materials and the processing temperature, it is possible to regulate the degree of conversion of rutin to quercetin. Rutin is degraded to quercetin in Tartary buckwheat grain due to the enzyme rutinosidase. The high-temperature treatment of wet Tartary buckwheat grain is able to prevent the transformation of rutin to quercetin.

Individual-Level Health Care Costs Attributable to Noncommunicable Diseases: A Longitudinal Study Based on the Older Adults in China.

Noncommunicable chronic diseases among the elderly population represent a significant economic burden in China. However, previous disease-related health cost studies lacked representation of older adults and comparability of the burden of multiple chronic diseases. The objective of this study was to determine the fraction of health care costs attributable to the 6 most prevalent chronic diseases and comorbidities in the sample of older adults. This study employed data from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS), with 3 waves in 2011, 2014, and 2018, and included 18 349 observations in total. Outpatient costs, inpatient costs, and total health care costs were included in this study. Based on a 2-part random effects model, the effect of chronic disease on health service utilization was first explored by constructing a dummy variable for whether or not to utilize health care, followed by estimation of attributable costs in the population with health care utilization. Among the older adults in the sample, hypertension, heart disease, cataracts, arthritis, stroke or Cerebrovascular disease (CVD) and chronic lung disease are the 6 most prevalent chronic conditions. The costs attributable to the 6 chronic diseases mentioned above were 36.00% of outpatient costs, 55.92% of inpatient costs, and 45.05% of total health care costs for older adults. Of these, heart disease, stroke or CVD, and chronic lung disease accounted for 22.11%, 13.24%, and 10.56% of total health care costs, respectively. Moreover, the proportion of health care costs attributable to chronic diseases was higher for older adults who were male, lived in urban areas, and had a lower level of education. The proportion of health care costs attributable to chronic diseases is substantial among older adults in China. Health care costs associated with chronic diseases can be decreased with well-targeted interventions and comprehensive access to health services.

Self-reported sleep quality and mental health mediate the relationship between chronic diseases and suicidal ideation among Chinese medical students

High prevalence and strong associations of chronic disease, poor sleep quality, poor mental health, and suicidal ideation (SI) have been reported worldwide. However, the underlying mechanism remains unexamined. The participants were 2646 Chinese medical college students with an average age of 20.13 years. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale, and SI was evaluated. The lifetime SI, past 12-month SI, and chronic disease prevalence rates were 10.0%, 8.4%, and 4.6%, respectively. The results of logistic regression analysis in this study found that chronic disease, self-reported poor sleep quality, poor mental health, gender and scholarship were associated with lifetime SI. Similar results were also found for 12-month SI with an exception of region. This result indicated that the effects of chronic diseases on the SI were mediated by self-reported sleep quality and mental health. Physical diseases, sleep-related concerns, and mental health issues need to be addressed through a multidisciplinary team approach and various delivery systems to prevent SI among medical college students.

Glucoraphanin Triggers Rapid Antidepressant Responses in a Rat Model of Beta Amyloid-Induced Depressive-like Behaviour.

Glucoraphanin (GRA) is a natural compound that has shown beneficial effects in chronic diseases and in central nervous system disorders. Moreover, GRA displayed antidepressant activity in preclinical models. We have previously demonstrated that a single intracerebroventricular administration of soluble amyloid-beta 1-42 (sAβ 1-42) in rat evokes a depressive-like phenotype by increasing immobility frequency in the forced swimming test (FST). The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of GRA in naïve and in sAβ-1-42-treated rats by using the FST. Behavioural analyses were accompanied by neurochemical and biochemical measurements in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), such as serotonin (5-HT), noradrenaline (NA), kynurenine (KYN), tryptophan (TRP), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the transcription nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) levels. We reported that GRA administration in naïve rats at the dose of 50 mg/kg reduced the immobility frequency in the FST and increased 5-HT and NA levels in the PFC compared to controls. At the same dose, GRA reverted depressive-like effects of sAβ 1-42 administration, restored the 5-HT levels and reduced NF-kB, KYN and ROS levels in PFC. In conclusion, GRA rapidly reverting depressive-like behaviour, together with biochemical and neurochemical alterations, might represent a safe and natural candidate for the treatment of depression.

Risk Factors Associated with Tuberculosis Among Men; A Study of South Africa

Background:One of the public health problems all over the world is tuberculosis. An important factor for human well-being is good health. Worldwide, there are more cases of men with tuberculosis than women. Therefore, identifying risk factors associated with tuberculosis among men is essential. This study uses a survey logistic regression model to identify risk factors associated with tuberculosis in South Africa using the 2016 South African Demographic Health Survey data.Methods:Based on the fact that tuberculosis status is a binary variable, logistic regression and survey logistics were used for analysis.Results and Conclusion:The findings using the survey logistic model are presented. The results suggest that a survey logistic model that accounts for complex sampling design is better than logistic regression. The findings from the study show that the risk factors associated with tuberculosis are: chronic disease, current age, region, race, number of times away from home, marital status, weight, smoking status, the interaction effect of chronic disease and age, and the interaction effect of smoking status and number of household members. These factors can be used to implement strategies for reducing the risk of having tuberculosis.

The effect of chronic diseases on the heart muscle

From daily work and patient follow-up, we proceed in the search on field facts and modern sources that enhance the results and useful and great strategies that we reach in the research, where 930 patients were randomly collected (males and females) for a period of one year at Samawa General Hospital and the Specialized Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology in Iraq. The goal is to reduce deaths and injuries, and the effect of chronic diseases and their control, especially diabetes that destroys the body and its side effects, environmental pollution, wars and industrial food showed an increase in chronic and heart diseases and their complication, the development of a program and a treatment protocol from the beginning, receiving the patient and studying the files of former patients and autopsy corpses causes of death, , We adopted by reducing the impact of chronic diseases on heart diseases, the level of danger and the threat to the patient’s life, the beginning of work, the control of chronic diseases, starting from psychological, nutritional and pharmacological.

CU06-1004 modulates the adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-associated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway and inhibits lipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and high-fat diet-induced obese mice

AimsThe endothelial dysfunction blocker CU06-1004 exhibits anti-inflammatory effects in chronic diseases. Obesity is a major cause of chronic inflammation, and the effect of CU06-1004 on obesity has not been studied yet. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the anti-obesity properties of CU06-1004 in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and high-fat diet-induced obese mice. MethodsDifferentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes were treated with various concentrations of CU06-1004 (0–20 μg/mL) and subjected to Oil Red O staining to determine the levels of lipid droplet and intracellular triglyceride accumulation. Additionally, high-fat diet-induced obese C57BL/6J mice were administered with a low (10 mg/kg/day) or high (20 mg/kg/day) oral dose of CU06-1004. Finally, the expressions of genes and proteins involved in the adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway were assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot, respectively. Key findingsThe CU06-1004 administration reduced lipid accumulation in the 3T3-L1 adipocytes by inhibiting the expressions of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha, fatty acid binding protein 4, and fatty acid synthase in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, it significantly increased the phosphorylation of AMPKα and acetyl-CoA carboxylase in the 3T3-L1 adipocytes. An oral administration of high dose of CU06-1004 in the obese mice significantly decreased their body weight and the mesenteric white adipose tissue weight. Furthermore, CU06-1004 improved hepatic steatosis by reducing lipogenesis, besides improving insulin resistance and exerting systemic anti-inflammatory effects. SignificanceCU06-1004 may have therapeutic potential in the prevention of obesity and obesity-related disorders.

Effects of chronic diseases on mortality in people with mental illness: a retrospective cohort study

Effects of chronic diseases on mortality in people with mental illness: a retrospective cohort study

Prognostic role of neutrophil lymphocyte ratio and mean platelet volume in Bell’s palsy: Comparison of diabetic and non-diabetic patients

ObjectivesA low Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) has been shown to be associated with good prognosis in Bell’s Palsy (BP). However, the effect of chronic diseases that may affect the NLR, including Diabetes Mellitus (DM), has not been clarified in this context. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between NLR and Mean Platelet Volume (MPV) in BP according to whether it is accompanied by DM, and their relationship with prognosis. MethodsA prospective observational study was conducted from May 2014 to May 2020 in a tertiary referral center, of all 79 consecutive participants diagnosed with BP in department of otolaryngology and 110 consecutive healthy participants admitted to the check-up unit. Patients diagnosed with BP were divided into two groups according to whether they were diagnosed with DM: diabetic BP patients (DM-BP, n = 33) and non-diabetic BP patients without any chronic disease (nonDM-BP, n = 46). Neutrophil (NEUT) and Lymphocyte (LYM) counts, and Mean Platelet Volume (MPV) were assessed from peripheral blood samples, and the NLR was calculated. Prognosis was evaluated using the House–Brackmann Score (HBS) six months after diagnosis. ResultsThe mean NLR was 2.85 ± 1.85 in BP patients and 1.69 ± 0.65 in the control group. The mean NLR was significantly higher in BP patients than healthy controls (p < 0.001). The mean NLR was 2.58 ± 1.83 in the nonDM-BP group, 3.23 ± 1.83 in the DM-BP group, and 1.69 ± 0.65 in the control group. The NLR was significantly higher in the nonDM-BP and DM-BP groups than in the control group (p < 0.05). The recovery was 90% according to the HBS. The optimal cut-off value was 2.41 (p = 0.5). ConclusionThe NLR was increased in both diabetic and non-diabetic BP and had similar prognostic value in predicting the HBS before treatment in diabetic and non-diabetic patients with BP. MPV wasn’t significantly different in diabetic and non-diabetic BP patients compared with the normal population.

Effects of chronic diseases and polypharmacy on death anxiety

Effects of chronic diseases and polypharmacy on death anxiety

Perinatal Complications as a Mediator of the Association Between Chronic Disease and Postpartum Mental Illness

Background: Chronic disease is associated with increased risk of postpartum mental illness, but the mechanisms underlying this association are unclear. Our aim was to explore the mediating role of perinatal complications in the association between chronic disease and postpartum mental illness. Materials and Methods: This was a population-based retrospective cohort study of all women in Ontario, Canada, from 2005 to 2015 with a singleton live birth and no recent history of mental illness during or 2 years before pregnancy. The outcome was mental illness diagnosis between delivery and 365 days postpartum, with perinatal complications, including pregnancy, delivery, and neonatal complications. Modified Poisson regression models were used to examine the association between chronic disease and perinatal mental illness, with generalized estimating equations for the calculation of total, direct, and indirect effects. All models were adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics and remote history of mental health care. Results: Of the 792,972 women, 21.1% had a chronic disease. Chronic disease was associated with an increased risk of postpartum mental illness (adjusted relative risk [aRR] 1.15 [95% confidence interval, CI 1.14-1.16]). There was no evidence of an indirect effect of chronic disease on postpartum mental illness via perinatal complications (aRR 1.003, 95% CI 1.002-1.003). Perinatal complications explained only 1.5% of the association between chronic disease and postpartum mental illness. Results were consistent by type of perinatal complication and chronic disease diagnosis. Conclusion: We observed no clinically meaningful mediating effect of perinatal complications in the association between chronic disease and postpartum mental illness. Future research should investigate alternative mechanisms explaining this association.

The impact of common chronic conditions on health-related quality of life: a general population survey in Iran using EQ-5D-5L

BackgroundDiseases have undeniable effects on Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL). Chronic diseases, in particular, limit the productive potentials and HRQoL of individuals. EQ-5D is a very popular generic instrument, which can be used to estimate HRQoL scores in any diseases. The current study investigates mean HRQoL scores in certain chronic diseases and examines the relationship between utility scores and chronic diseases in Iran.MethodThis cross-sectional study was carried out among the general adult population of Tehran. 3060 individuals were chosen by a stratified probability sampling method. The EQ-5D-5L questionnaire was applied. The utility scores were estimated using the Iranian crosswalk-based value set. The effect of chronic diseases on the HRQoL scores was derived by the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) method. Data was analyzed using Stata version 13 software.ResultsThe mean ± standard deviation utility and EQ-VAS scores were 0.85 ± 0.14 and 76.73 ± 16.55 in the participants without any chronic conditions. The scores were 0.69 ± 0.17 and 61.14 ± 20.61 in the participants with chronic conditions. The highest and lowest mean utility scores were related to thyroid disease (0.70) and Stroke (0.54), respectively. Common chronic conditions had significant negative effects on the HRQoL scores. Stroke (0.204) and cancer (0.177) caused the most reduction in the EQ-5D-5L utility scores. Lumbar disc hernia, digestive diseases, osteoarthritis, breathing problems, and anxiety/nerves cause 0.133, 0.109, 0.108, 0.087, and 0.078 reductions, respectively, in the EQ-5D-5L utility scores.ConclusionThis study provides insight into some common chronic conditions and their effects on the HRQoL. Policymakers and planners should pay attention to the effects of chronic conditions especially high prevalence one. They should adopt effective interventions to control this issue and increase health. The results of this study can also be beneficial in economic evaluation studies.