Effects Of Chemotherapy In Children Research Articles

Long-term effects of chemotherapy in children with cancer

Background: Cancer is a non-communicable disease that poses a health problem worldwide, including in Indonesia, affecting not only adults but also children. The most commonly used cancer therapy is chemotherapy, yet it still has effects that can impact children both physically and psychologicallyPurpose: To identify the frequently experienced impacts of chemotherapy on children based on assessments conducted by parents at the "Estella" Children's Cancer Center, Prof. Dr. Kandou Hospital.Method: This research utilized a quantitative descriptive method. The sampling technique employed was consecutive sampling, involving a total of 41 respondents. The study was conducted during the period of July-August 2023. Data was gathered using the Chemotherapy-Symptom Assessment Scale (C-SAS), comprising 23 questions. Data analysis utilized frequency distribution.Results: The research findings indicated that 80.5% of children experience alopecia (hair loss), and 80% of children considered nausea and vomiting as the most disruptive physical effects of chemotherapy, with mood swings being identified as the most disruptive psychological effect.Conclusion: Parents need to pay attention to the effects of chemotherapy to enhance the quality of life for their children during their chemotherapy treatments. It is hoped that the results of this research can be utilized by parents to manage the effects of chemotherapy on pediatric cancer patients.

Evaluation of Chemotherapy Induced Peripheral Neuropathy, Sarcopenia and Fatigue in Children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia and Lymphoma in Tertiary Care Hospital, Dakshina Kannada.

The study aims to assess the proportion and magnitude of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) and other common complications reported in children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL)/ acute lymphoblastic lymphoma (LBL) undergoing chemotherapy. The study included children between 5 and 18 years old with ALL/LBL undergoing chemotherapy in Tertiary Care Hospitals, Mangalore. The study was conducted using various instruments, including paediatric-modified total neuropathy scale for CIPN, handheld dynamometer for muscle strength, bioimpedance analyser for muscle mass, timed up-and-go test for physical performance, and national comprehensive cancer network (NCCN) guidelines for scoring cancer-related fatigue at 3-time points. The collected data were analysed by IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 29 using Z-scores with standard deviation for distinct ALL/LBL types. In addition, the Paired t-test compared the baseline outcome to the 3rd and 6th time points. The study evaluated 25 children with ALL undergoing chemotherapy based on the UKALL 2003 protocol during their maintenance phase. The study found that 25 children experienced CIPN, with changes in sensory and pin sensibility scores at 3 and 6 months. The study found a significant change in handgrip strength, body mass index, and muscle mass at 3 months, with no significant change in physical performance over time. Fatigue scores increased from baseline to 3 months, with significant changes observed for the 7-12 years age group at 3 months but not for the 5-6 years age group at 6 months. Children with ALL/LBL undergoing chemotherapy experience CIPN and other side effects such as sarcopenia and fatigue. The study highlights the potential benefits of physiotherapy interventions and supportive care strategies aimed at managing the adverse effects of chemotherapy in children with ALL/LBL.

Effect of Progressive Muscle Relaxation on Sleep Quality and Side Effects of Chemotherapy in Children with Cancer: Randomized Clinical Trial

BACKGROUND: Sleep disturbance affects quality of life in children receiving chemotherapy.
 AIM: The aim of this study was to identify the effect of progressive muscle relaxation on the sleep quality and side effects of chemotherapy in children with cancer.
 METHODS: This study used randomized clinical trial with single blind method, where 30 children were allocated randomly to the control group and intervention group. The intervention group received progressive muscle relaxation twice a day, in the morning and evening, 15 minutes each session for 7 days. Control group received routine nursing care.
 RESULTS: The study concluded there was no significant difference in the two groups on fatigue and pain. However, progressive muscle relaxation had significant relation to decreased sleep quality score.
 CONCLUSION: Relaxation therapy, particularly progressive muscle relaxation, may be one of the nursing cares to improve sleep quality and reduce the side effects of chemotherapy in children with cancer.

INCREASING KNOWLEDGE OF PARENTS IN CARE OF THE SIDE EFFECTS OF CHEMOTHERAPY IN LEUKEMIA CHILDREN THROUGH BOOKLET IN DR. MOEWARDI GENERAL HOSPITAL SURAKARTA

Leukemia is the number one cancer that attacks children aged 0 to 18 years. Parents who have children with leukemia will experience a heavy burden in caring for children. Health education is one way for nurses to ease the burden of parents in finding information about leukemia. The use of booklets has long been known as a medium in health education, where effectiveness is very significant in increasing parental knowledge. The purpose of the study: to determine the effect of health education with booklets on the level of knowledge of parents in caring for leukemic children who are on chemotherapy. Method: quasi experiment and using Wilcoxon data analysis. Results: p-value 0.00, where the p - value <0.005 so that there is an effect of booklets in increasing parental knowledge about the treatment of side effects of chemotherapy in children with leukemia. Conclusion: booklet administration increases parental knowledge about the treatment of chemotherapy side effects in leukemic children.

Side effects of chemotherapy in children with cancer: effects of nursing training administered to caregivers

Objective: The present study aimed to assess the consequences of providing nursing training to caregivers of children with cancer on the side effects associated with chemotherapy. Design: The present study used a pre-test-post-test experimental design. Setting: The study was conducted in a paediatric hematological oncology hospital in Ankara, Turkey. Subjects: This study was conducted with 40 caregivers responsible for looking after child patients, all of which had been recently diagnosed with cancer, but who had not started chemotherapy. Primary argument: The knowledge scores of the caregivers on issues related to infection and bleeding risk, nutrition and oral care and total scores were significantly higher than their pre-test scores before undergoing training (p<0.05). Conclusion: Planned training on the problems that may arise due to the side effects of chemotherapy was found to be effective in increasing the knowledge level of caregivers. The authors suggest that training in this subject should be provided before initiating a chemotherapy program, before the occurrence of side effects, and visual and written materials should be used.

Abstract 4910: Neurocognitive effects of central nervous system directed chemotherapy in Non Hodgkin Lymphoma diseased children

Abstract Background and Purpose. Because the blood-brain barrier serves as a pharmacological barrier, malignant cells can remain in the central nervous system (CNS) despite systemic chemotherapy. Consequently, CNS-directed treatment is an essential part of therapy for Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). We aimed in this analysis to determine the neurocognitive effects of CNS-directed chemotherapy in children with NHL. Methods. In a cross-sectional study 20 NHL diseased children and 10 healthy controls were tested for neurocognitive functions. The selection criteria were: 3 years or more after the end of NHL chemotherapy only regimen, no anaemia, no CNS or systemic diseases. Both patients and healthy controls were examined for global intelligence quotient (IQ), verbal IQ, performance IQ, attention measures, auditory tests, long and short memory, math skills and academic achievement. Results. No decline in global IQ in NHL children compared to healthy controls but there was a significant decline of attention, verbal comprehension and performance IQ. Among 20 NHL diseased children 18 had poor recent and immediate memories while remote memory was normal in 16 children. Young age at diagnosis and treatment intensity were the commonest risk factors. Conclusion. In absence of cranial irradiation, childhood survivors of NHL experience long-term neurocognitive deficits after chemotherapy treatment. Global IQ is not a sufficiently sensitive measure to detect specific CNS deficits in NHL diseased children. The deficits are mainly present in basic neurophysiologic processes of attention and executive functioning. Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting. Citation Format: Abeer Abd Elmoneim, Ahlam Eladawy, Mona Abu Elkasem, Soumaya Hadhood. Neurocognitive effects of central nervous system directed chemotherapy in Non Hodgkin Lymphoma diseased children [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4910.

Chemotherapy-related side effects in childhood cancer in Hiwa Hospital Sulaimani city/Kurdistan region, Iraq

Cancer cells tend to grow fast, and chemo drugs kill fast-growing cells. However, since such drugs move to almost all part of the body, they might have an influence on healthy cells which are normal and grow fast. If healthy cells are damaged, there will be several side effects. The side effects of chemotherapy in children are reported by cancer treatment teams; however, only little evidence is available on the routine clinical care. The present study aimed to assess chemotherapeutic side effects in children with cancer. A single chemo drug can treat cancer; however, in order to come up with better and quicker results, sometimes a number of drugs are used in a specific order or combination which is referred to as combination chemotherapy. More cancer cells can be killed using different drugs which have different working mechanisms. As a result of this method, the cancer will have more limited chances to become resistant to an of the chemo drugs. The present descriptive study consisted of 300 children who underwent chemotherapy, and interviews were carried out with them. The severity of side effects was calculated according to three grades: low, moderate, and high. The collected data was collected through direct interview with the child greater than 6 years old on side effects of chemotherapy on physical health. Chemotherapy affects the entire cell inside the body among children. The results demonstrated that chemotherapy commonly affects the gastrointestinal tract and musculoskeletal system.

GAMBARAN PENGETAHUAN KELUARGA TENTANG EFEK SAMPING KEMOTERAPI PADA ANAK DI YAYASAN KASIH ANAK KANKER YOGYAKARTA

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Basic Health Research The Results of Basic Health Research 2013 (Riskesdas) shows the prevalence of cancer of children aged 0-14 years amountdeto 16,291 cases. While the most common type of cancer suffered by children in Indonesia is leukemia and eyeball cancer or retinoblastoma. Chemotherapy is a cancer treatment using drugs or hormones. Children who undergo chemotherapy will experience symptoms as nausea, vomiting, decreased appetite, fever and fatigue (fatigue). The purpose of this study is to determine the description of family understanding about the side effects of chemotherapy in children in Yayasan Kasih Anak Kanker Indonesia-Jogjakarta. This research uses descriptive research type with research design that is quantitative. The sampling technique used is total sampling with 45 respondents. The instrument used is questionnaire. This research was conducted from March 2017 until May 2017. It was found that some respondents had good knowledge about chemotherapy side effect that is 25 people (59,5%). Characteristics of respondents who had good knowledge are respondents whose age in the range of 36-45 years (28.6%). Respondents who had good knowledge about the side effects of chemotherapy were respondents who had a junior secondary education of 12 respondents (28.6%), with IRT work of 13 (30.9%), earning less than Rp.1.500.000 and respondents Never get information has good knowledge. The researchers concluded that some respondents had good knowledge about the side effects of chemotherapy.

The Role of Evidence Based Nursing in Prevention of Gastrointestinal Side Effects of Chemotherapy in Children with Cancer

Introduction: Today, due to the broad spectrum of pediatric cancers are treated by the chemotherapy drugs, but these drugs have side effects and gastrointestinal toxicity is the most prevalent. One of the main roles of nurses is to better health through patient education and care for him. Evidence-based nursing is a process during which the nurse can use the available research evidence, their clinical expertise and the patient has to take appropriate decisions. This study reviews the role of evidence-based nursing in the prevention of gastrointestinal side effects of chemotherapy in children with cancer was conducted. Materials and Methods: Seeking information was performing through databases PubMed, SID, Since Direct, magiran, Ovid and etc. Within the years 2014-2002, the key issues in terms of evidence-based nursing, gastrointestinal side effect, chemotherapy was performed and 20 were studied English equivalents. Results: The most common gastrointestinal side effects in children undergoing chemotherapy are oral ulcers, vomiting, diarrhea, and dysphagia. Different strategies for prevention studies suggest that these effects need to perform their roles in teaching and nursing care. Nurses can use the results of studies such as music, ginger, semi sitting positions during chemotherapy, use of ice and etc. To prevent vomiting, the use of Persica for oral wound healing, hygiene perform especially hand washing for preventing diarrhea. The most important roles of nursing are recommended, Education on prevention of chemotherapy complications, adverse effects of proper nutrition and etc. Conclusion: Nurses can play an effective role in the education and care to relieve symptoms and prevent progression of gastrointestinal side effects of chemotherapy. Key words: Evidence-based nursing, Gastrointestinal side effects, Chemotherapy, Cancer

Soy Isoflavones Ameliorate the Adverse Effects of Chemotherapy in Children

Genistein sensitizes cancer cells to chemotherapy and radiation by modulating cell survival pathways. At the same time, genistein's antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects may protect normal tissues from adverse effects of chemotherapy and radiation, which are largely due to oxygen-free radicals and inflammation. We conducted a small pilot study with a soy isoflavone mixture containing 8 mg of genistein in children receiving chemotherapy and/or radiation to investigate genistein's potential toxicity preventive effect. We monitored clinical and laboratory parameters in children with cancer who received their first cycle of chemotherapy without genistein and the subsequent cycles with genistein. Patients served as their own controls, and the clinical-laboratory data from the first cycle were compared to the data from subsequent cycles. Nine cycles of chemotherapy were administered without genistein and 57 cycles with genistein. Patients experienced less myelosuppression, mucositis, and infection when they received genistein with chemotherapy. During supplementation, serum genistein levels were 2 to 6 times higher compared to presupplementation levels. Patients who received abdominal radiation reported less pain and diarrhea when they took the genistein supplement. Further clinical investigation of soy isoflavones in pediatric cancer patients receiving chemotherapy and/or radiation should be conducted.

Neurocognitive late effects of chemotherapy in children: The past 10 years of research on brain structure and function

Advances in the treatment of childhood cancers have greatly improved survivorship. Success has not come without cost, however, as survivors are at risk for late effects of treatment, including neurocognitive late effects (e.g., difficulties with thinking and reasoning). In the advent of chemotherapy-only protocols, researchers are examining neurocognitive sequelae of these agents to understand the specific role of chemotherapy in neurocognitive changes and the mechanism through which these occur. In this review, we examine the state of the literature on neurocognitive late effects after chemotherapy and their proposed neural mechanisms.

Low antioxidant vitamin intakes are associated with increases in adverse effects of chemotherapy in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Chemotherapy leads to an increase in reactive oxygen species, which stresses the antioxidant defense system. Children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia rarely are overtly malnourished, which makes this population ideal for an investigation of the relations between dietary antioxidant consumption, plasma antioxidant concentrations, and chemotherapy-induced toxicity. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of therapy on antioxidant intakes in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, the relation between dietary antioxidant intakes and plasma antioxidant concentrations, and the relation between the incidence of side effects due to treatment and antioxidant intake. We conducted a 6-mo observational study of 103 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Plasma micronutrient concentrations, dietary intakes, and incidence of side effects of chemotherapy were ascertained at diagnosis and after 3 and 6 mo of therapy. Throughout the 6-mo study period, subjects ingested vitamin E, total carotenoid, beta-carotene, and vitamin A in amounts that were 66%, 30%, 59%, and 29%, respectively, of the US recommended dietary allowance or of the amounts specified in the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Greater vitamin C intakes at 6 mo were associated with fewer therapy delays, less toxicity, and fewer days spent in the hospital. Greater vitamin E intakes at 3 mo were associated with a lower incidence of infection. Greater beta-carotene intakes at 6 mo were associated with a decreased risk of toxicity. A large percentage of children undergoing treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia have inadequate intakes of antioxidants and vitamin A. Lower intakes of antioxidants are associated with increases in the adverse side effects of chemotherapy.

Behavioral Distress in Pediatric Patients With Cancer Receiving Chemotherapy

The purpose of this study was to assess prospectively the behavioral effects of chemotherapy in children and adolescents with cancer. A total of 94 patients, with a range of malignancies and chemotherapy protocols, were evaluated 1, 4, and 7 months after treatment initiation. Assessments focused on behavioral distress symptoms and nausea/vomiting experienced in anticipation of chemotherapy and following its administration. Significant disturbances were described in a variety of domains, with adolescents exhibiting consistently higher levels of behavioral symptoms and nausea/vomiting than younger children. Behavioral distress tended to decrease and stabilize throughout time for children and to increase throughout time for adolescents. Age differences in behavioral distress were independent of the emetogenicity of therapy given to younger and older patients. The interaction of biologic and psychosocial factors in determining treatment-related distress is discussed, along with implications for future predictive and intervention studies.

Behavioral Effects of Chemotherapy in Children with Cancer

Chemotherapy-related distress constitutes a medical and psychosocial management challenge with significant implications for patients' adjustment to and compliance with anticancer therapy. Because of wide interpatient variability in levels of distress before and after chemotherapy, identifying the treatment and patient variables that act as risk factors for aversive reactions has become important. This article discusses the scope and determinants of chemotherapy- related nausea, vomitin and behavioral distress in pediatric cancer patients, with special attention to anticipatory symptoms. Findings from a three-year prospective study of distress in children and adolescents receiving chemotherapy are summarized. The value of behavioral assessment studies is considered from the viewpoint of professionals' ability to design for and target interventions selectively to patients who are at greatest risk.