Effect Of Body Movement Research Articles

Effects of chest movements while sitting on Navon task performance and stress levels

BackgroundThis study explored physical activity during remote work, most of which takes place while sitting in front of a computer. The purpose of Experiment 1 was to develop a classification for body motion by creating a neural net that can distinguish among several kinds of chest movement. Experiment 2 examined the effects of chest movements on stress and performance on the Navon test to validate the model developed in Experiment 1.Method and resultsThe procedures for this study were as follows.Experiment 1: Creation of the body movement classification model and preliminary experiment for Experiment 2.Data from five participants were used to construct a machine-learning categorization model. The other three participants participated in a pilot study for Experiment 2.Experiment 2: Model validation and confirmation of stress measurement validity.We recruited 34 new participants to test the validity of the model developed in Experiment 1. We asked 10 of the 34 participants to retake the stress measurement since the results of the stress assessment were unreliable.Using LSTM models, we classified six categories of chest movement in Experiment 1: walking, standing up and sitting down, sitting still, rotating, swinging, and rocking. The LSTM models yielded an accuracy rate of 83.8%. Experiment 2 tested the LSTM model and found that Navon task performance correlated with swinging chest movement. Due to the limited reliability of the stress measurement results, we were unable to draw a conclusion regarding the effects of body movements on stress. In terms of cognitive performance, swinging of the chest reduced RT and increased accuracy on the Navon task (β = .015 [-.003,.054], R2 = .31).ConclusionsLSTM classification successfully distinguished subtle movements of the chest; however, only swinging was related to cognitive performance. Chest movements reduced the reaction time, improving cognitive performance. However, the stress measurements were not stable; thus, we were unable to draw a clear conclusion about the relationship between body movement and stress. The results indicated that swinging of the chest improved reaction times in the Navon task, while sitting still was not related to cognitive performance or stress. The present article discusses how to collect sensor data and analyze it using machine-learning methods as well as the future applicability of measuring physical activity during remote work.

Effect of body movements in the venous blood flow and lymphatic circulation

The studies of ballistocardiography about the effect of cardiovascular activity in body motion raised the author interest in the research of the influence of body movements in the circulatory flow in venous and lymphatic vessels. These effects follow Sir Isaac Newton laws. With the body movement, the one-way valve structure of these vessels will cause a mobilization of venous blood and lymph to the proximal side. A model was built to demonstrate the effect of oscillatory movement in a liquid flow in a system of one-way valve. There was a rise of the liquid with difference in level that ranged from 9 cm up to 34 cm, depending on the amplitude and frequency. The model tried to mimic a segment of vein with its valve, and evaluate the effectiveness of oscillatory movements in the progression of the liquid, In a preliminary study, to assess the effect of oscillatory movements on leg swelling, this movements was applied in a clinical cases. There was regression of the oedema and circumference on the leg, by oscillatory movements, that was correlated with increase in lymphatic and venous drainage. Venous stasis is a predisposing factor of venous thromboembolism. How we extrapolate from the experimental model, the oscillatory movements of the legs improving venous circulation may contribute to the prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism. In conclusion, it is of interest to study its application in some situations of venous thromboembolism risk.

Effect of movement on convection and ventilation in a skin-clothing-environment system

An analytical clothing model is developed to consider the effect of body movement on heat transfer. This model quantifies the impact of forced convection in an enclosed air layer and the effect of ventilation (through fabric pores and ensemble openings) on clothing insulation. The internal air speed (inside an enclosed air layer) caused by human movement is used to calculate the internal forced convective heat transfer coefficient. The model is validated for various combinations of walking speeds, ambient air speeds, and clothing fits. A validation study covering 15 experimental cases compares the local heat transfer coefficients for different parts of the body and for the entire body. These validation cases consist of standing (0 m/s) and two walking speeds (0.27 m/s, and 0.69 m/s), three ambient air speeds: still air (0.17 m/s), 1 m/s and 2 m/s, and three clothing ensembles with different designs. All the experiments were performed on an agile thermal manikin. The average relative error in simulated whole body heat flux was 11%. The presented model has ability to simulate heat transfer with high spatial resolution such as individual body segment, which is the major advantage over existing models.

Effects of body movement on yaw motion in bipedal running lizard by dynamic simulation.

Lizards run quickly and stably in a bipedal gait, with their bodies exhibiting a lateral S-shaped undulation. We investigate the relationship between a lizard’s bipedal running and its body movement with the help of a dynamic simulation. In this study, a dynamic theoretical model of lizard is assumed as a three-link consisting of an anterior and posterior bodies, and a tail, with morphometrics based on Callisaurus draconoides. When a lizard runs straight in a stable bipedal gait, its pelvic rotation is periodically synchronized with its gait. This study shows that the S-shaped body undulation with the yaw motion is generated by minimizing the square of joint torque. Furthermore, we performed the biomechanical simulation to figure out the relationship between the lizard’s lateral body undulation and the bipedal running locomotion. In the biomechanical simulation, all joint torques significantly vary by the waist and tail’ motions at the same locomotion. Besides, when the waist and tail joint angles increase, the stride length and duration of the model also increase, and the stride frequency decreases at the same running speed. It means that the lizard’s undulatory body movements increase its stride and help it run faster. In this study, we found the benefits of the lizard’s undulatory body movement and figured out the relationship between the body movement and the locomotion by analyzing the dynamics. In the future works, we will analyze body movements under different environments with various simulators.

Feature\xa0binding contributions to effect monitoring

Monitoring the perceptual effects of body movements is supposed to be a capacity-limited process that can interfere with processing of a concurrent task. Here we studied the contribution of feature binding to such effect monitoring interference. In three experiments, we varied the possibility of feature overlap between responses and effects in a primary task and responses in a secondary task. We show that responses in a secondary task are delayed when they partially, rather than completely, alternate or repeat features of responses/effects of a primary task. Yet, these partial feature repetition/alternation costs are small, and they occur on top of other factors that lengthen the critical effect monitoring process, such as the spatial compatibility of responses and effects in the primary task. The results thus show that feature binding contributes to, but cannot fully account for, delays in a secondary task caused by monitoring effects of a primary task.

Effect of body movement on the thermophysiological responses of an adaptive manikin and human subjects

Adaptive (or thermoregulatory model controlled) manikins are useful in quantifying thermal exchanges of the human-clothing-environment system and in simulating human thermophysiological behaviours. Current existing adaptive manikins didn’t take account into the body movement/posture during simulations and this may greatly affect the precision of simulation results. Hence, in this study, the impact of body movement on human physiological responses was investigated using a ‘Newton’ type adaptive thermal manikin and human subjects in a warm environment (i.e., Ta = 30.0 ± 0.5 °C, RH = 60 ± 5%, va = 0.17 ± 0.05 m/s). Results demonstrated that the body movement significantly affected the thermal exchange between the clothed manikin and its surrounding environment. Significantly greater mean skin and core temperatures were noted on the standing manikin than those on the walking manikin. In contrast, simulation results obtained from the walking manikin were much closer to human trial data than those obtained from the standing adaptive manikin. Particularly, no significant difference was found in the mean core temperature between the walking adaptive manikin and human subjects. Therefore, the standing adaptive manikin significantly overestimated thermal stress for the two studied conditions. It was thus suggested the body movement should be considered when mimicking human activities on adaptive manikins.

Environment dependent effect of body movement promoting spatial updating

Environment dependent effect of body movement promoting spatial updating

The effect of body movement on listeners’ perceptions of musicality in trombone quartet performance

The purpose of this study was to determine what effect body movement would have on listeners’ ( N = 90) perceptions of a professional chamber ensemble performance. Specifically, an audio/video recording of a trombone quartet performance was used for the music stimulus. Listeners were asked to rate each performance on the basis of perceived appropriateness of style and perceived ensemble expressivity. While the video portion of the stimulus changed to reflect each of three movement conditions: (1) deadpan – no extraneous movement, (2) head/face movement only, (3) full body movement, the audio portion of the stimulus remained the same. Results indicated that body movement condition did significantly affect listeners’ ratings of perceived style and expressivity. Increased movement in performance corresponded to higher ratings. Differences were also found on the basis of major (although the effect size was small) and presentation order. Implications and suggestions for future research are discussed.

Footwear‐centric body area network with directional UWB antenna

A footwear-centric body area network employing a directional antenna is compared with waist-centric systems using omnidirectional and directional antennas. The effect of body movements on path gain is analysed for two bands at 3.99 and 7.99 GHz. The path gain and data rate results demonstrate that footwear-centric configurations are equivalent to or better than waist-centric body area networks.

Research on Embodied Theories of Conceptual Representation

The viewpoints of embodied cognition advocate that cognition is essentially embodied and the body plays a pivotal role in an organism's cognitive processes. Traditional symbolic–computational theories assume conceptual representation is stored as abstract symbols in semantic memory,separated from systems governing perception and action. The embodied theories of conceptual representation hold that conceptual representation is grounded in the same neural systems that govern sensation,perception and action. According this viewpoint,concepts are essentially neural recordings during perceptual and motor experiences,and these recordings can later be re–enacted as the way of conceptual processing. Recent work has focused on the emergence of perceptual phenomena in conceptual processing,the effect of body movement on conceptual processing,the embodied effect for processing abstract conception,the embodied effect for processing combined concept and modality switching costs effect. Future researches should focus on combining symbolic–computational theories and embodied theories.

Dynamic clothing insulation. Measurements with a thermal manikin operating under the thermal comfort regulation mode

The main objective of the present work is the assessment of the thermal insulation of clothing ensembles, both in static conditions and considering the effect of body movements. The different equations used to calculate the equivalent thermal resistance of the whole body, namely the serial, the global and the parallel methods, are considered and the results are presented and discussed for the basic, the effective and the total clothing insulations. The results show that the dynamic thermal insulation values are always lower than the corresponding static ones. The highest mean relative difference [(static-dynamic)/static] was obtained with the parallel method and the lowest with the serial. For I cl the mean relative differences varied from 0.5 to 13.4% with the serial method, from 5.6 to 14.6% with the global and from 7.2 to 17.7% with the parallel method. In addition, the dynamic tests presents the higher mean relative differences between the calculation methods. The results also show that the serial method always presents the higher values and the parallel method the lowest ones. The relative differences between the calculation methods {[( serial-global)/ global] and [( parallel-global)/ global]} were sometimes significant and associated to the non-uniform distribution of the clothing insulation. In fact, the ensembles with the highest thermal insulation values present the highest differences between the calculation methods.

Using Kinesthetic Activities to Teach Ptolemaic and Copernican Retrograde Motion

This paper describes a method for teaching planetary retrograde motion, and the Ptolemaic and Copernican accounts of retrograde motion, by means of a series kinesthetic learning activities (KLAs). In the KLAs described, the students literally walk through the motions of the planets in both systems. A retrospective statistical analysis shows that students who participated in these activities performed better on examination questions pertaining to retrograde motion than students who did not. Potential explanations for this result, including the breaking of classroom routine, the effect of body movement on conceptual memory, and egocentric spatial proprioception, are considered.

Children's Reorientation in a Small-Scale Environment : The Use of Geometry and Landmarks and the Effects of Body Movement

Children's Reorientation in a Small-Scale Environment : The Use of Geometry and Landmarks and the Effects of Body Movement

The Circulatory Physiology of Helix Pomatia: I. Observations on the Mechanism by Which Helix Emerges from its Shell and on the Effects of Body Movement on Cardiac Function

ABSTRACT 1. Helix uses the muscular floor of the mantle cavity to effect several movements. The contraction and relaxation of these muscles is concerned primarily with filling the lung and absorption of oxygen under pressure. The movement is linked with that of the pneumostome, which is open while the floor is depressed and closed when it is raised. An exaggeration of the breathing movements serves to generate the pressure in the cephalopedal haemocoel, which propels the anterior part of the body out of the shell. 2. The rate and regularity of heart-beat vary during the breathing cycle, being slow and irregular when the pneumostome is closed and fast and regular when it is open. 3. Observation of the intact heart of Helix showed changes in the degree of filling indicating an increased blood flow from the haemocoel to the pulmonary veins and heart when the mantle cavity floor was depressed. The total volume of the heart and pericardial cavity was greater at ventricular diastole than at ventricular systole. 4. When the cardiac nerve was severed a significant but inconsistent relationship between the heart activity and the breathing cycle remained. 5. Helix pomatia, H. aspersa, Archachatina, Monodonta and Arion ater all have a semilunar valve on the common aorta directed so as to prevent blood flowing from the aorta into the ventricle. H. pomatia and H. aspersa have a second semilunar valve in the anterior aorta while in Archachatina the anterior aorta passes through a muscular constriction.