Effect Of Azotobacter Research Articles

Effects of Azotobacter spp., mycorrhizal fungi and shade treatments on plant growth and chlorophyll content in boxwoods plants

In this study, two important commercial species, Buxus microphilla and B. herlandii, were evaluated. People do not want polluting and toxic fertilizers used to cultivate the plants they use for nutrition, and they do not want the plants they use as ornamental plants. The study investigated the effects of mycorrhizal and bacterial applications on plant growth and chlorophyll content. As a result of the study, it was concluded that bacterial applications on the development of boxwoods are more effective than mycorrhizal applications. Shading further increased the effect of the applications. In B. microphilla, in a 70% shade, plant height increased by 18.5% with mycorrhizal application, and plant width increased by 29.7% with bacterial application. In B. herlandii, bacterial application increased plant height by 13.3% and plant width by 20.4%. In shadowless application, the amount of chlorophyll in B. herlandii leaves was found to increase by 47.20% with bacteria and in B. microphilla, it increased by 65.86. In shadow application in B. herlandii, leaves were found to increase by 76.70% with bacteria; in B. microphilla, it increased by 94.93%. It was concluded that the bacteria application is more effective than others because Azotobacters fix the free nitrogen in the air to the boxwood soil, which needs continuous nitrogen for growth and development. For this reason, N-fixing bacteria applications to the soil can be used as an alternative to chemical fertilizer applications in boxwood cultivation or hedge formation.

Effect of azotobacter and organic manure on germination and seedling growth on ber (Ziziphus mauritiana) cv. Gola

Effect of azotobacter and organic manure on germination and seedling growth on ber (Ziziphus mauritiana) cv. Gola

Effect of azotobacter and nitrogen application on growth and yield of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.)

Effect of azotobacter and nitrogen application on growth and yield of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.)

Effect of Azotobacter and Nitrogen Fertilizer Levels on Agro-physiological Traits and Yield of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) Genotypes under Different Moisture Conditions

Effect of Azotobacter and Nitrogen Fertilizer Levels on Agro-physiological Traits and Yield of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) Genotypes under Different Moisture Conditions

Yield and morpho-physiological traits of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) as affected by azotobacter, mycorrhizal symbiosis and biochar application

The present study was performed to evaluate the effect of mycorrhizal symbiosis and azotobacter with the application of biochar on tobacco growth parameters, yield and nicotine content under rainfed conditions for two growing seasons (2016-2017 and 2017-2018). The factorial experiment was performed based on a randomized complete block design with four replications and three factors including biochar at three levels (0, 4 and 8 ton/ha), mycorrhizal fungi and Azotobacter chroococcum each one at two levels (without and with application). Results showed that biochar application had a significant and positive effect on all evaluated parameters. However, there was no statistically significant difference between 4 and 8 tons per hectare of biochar in yield. Mycorrhizal symbiosis had a significant effect on relative water content. Application of azotobacter had a positive and significant effect on growth parameters, yield and nicotine content under rainfed conditions for two growing seasons (2016-2017 and nicotine content. The greatest effect of azotobacter with a 17% increase was on leaf nicotine content. Whereas tobacco dry yield in rainfed conditions is lower, the combined use of biochar and these biofertilizers can be considered a desirable solution. Then in terms of economic aspects, the use of 4 tons biochar per hectare along with the use of mycorrhiza and azotobacter to achieve acceptable yield while maintaining chemical quality in tobacco farms is recommended.

Effect of Azotobacter and Pseudomonas with Mineral Fertilizer on Yield and Yield Components of Malt Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

The effect bio-fertilizer composed of Azotobacter and Pseudomonas spp. was investigated on yield and yield components of malt barley (H. vulgar L). The treatments which were laid at Bekoji, a potential malt barley district in the southeastern highlands of Ethiopia, Azotobacter + Pseudomonas + 46/20.2 N/P kg ha -1, Pseudomonas +46/20.2 N/P kg ha -1, 46/20.2 N/P kg ha -1, Azotobacter +46/20.2 N/P kg ha -1, Azotobacter + Pseudomonas, Azotobacter, Pseudomonas, C- (uninoculated and unfertilized) in randomized complete block design(RCBD) with three replications. Results indicated that application of the bio-fertilizer treatments alone resulted in the minimum performance of different agronomic parameters studied, while inorganic fertilizer application with dual inoculation with Azotobacter + Pseudomonas gives the highest and significant effect on grain yield, harvest index, biological yield, plant height, and thousand seed weight as compared to other treatments. But this trend was not observed in the number of spikes for that case the result was reversed. Hence, the study showed that the use of chemical fertilizer along with dual inoculation (Azotobacter +Pseudomonas) should be considered as a component of inputs especially in inorganic farming systems of malt barley production. Keywords : Malt barley, Azotobacter, Pseudomonas, Bio-fertilizer. DOI: 10.7176/JNSR/12-11-04 Publication date: June 30 th 2021

Effect of Azotobacter and nitrogen on growth and yield of Tomatocrop (Lycopersicumesculantum) cv. “Pusa Rubby”

The present investigation was carried out at the Horticultural Research farm, Department of Horticulture, Ch. Charan Singh University, Meerut to assess the effect of different treatments of azotobacter culture with different levels of nitrogen on growth and yield parameters. Twenty three days old seedlings were transplanted in experimental field. There were nine treatment combinations consisting two methods of Azotobacter chroococcum application (soil treatment with 2 kg per hectare and Seedling root dip treatment @ 2 kg per 10 liters of water) two levels of nitrogen application 75 kg per hectare and 150 kg per hectare and one control. Result revealed that seedling treatment with Azotobacter performed superior to soil treatment for all growth and yield parameters. The different levels of nitrogen exhibited pronounced effect of improving the various yield contributing traits were recorded maximum at 150 kg. nitrogen in each case. The parameters were recorded maximum under the treatment combination Seedling treatment with Azotobacter culture @ 2 kg+10 liters of water and 150 kg nitrogen/ha. Followed by Soil treatment with Azotobacter @ 2kg / ha. and 150 kg Nitrogen / ha.), Seedling treatment with Azotobacter @ 2 kg +10 liters of water and 75 kg Nitrogen / ha. and Soil treatment with Azotobacter @ 2 kg / ha. and 75 kg Nitrogen/ha.

Effect of Azotobacter, PSB and vermicompost on growth, flowering, yield and quality of strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) cv. Chandler

Effect of Azotobacter, PSB and vermicompost on growth, flowering, yield and quality of strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) cv. Chandler

Carbon Sequestration under Saffron (Crocus sativa) Cultivation as Influenced by Different Levels of Organic Manure and Inorganic Nitrogen

The effect on carbon sequestration under saffron (Crocus sativa) cultivation as influenced by different levels of organic manure and inorganic nitrogen was investigated in a field experiment at Dryland (Karewa) Agriculture Research Station, Budgam, Kashmir. The farm yard manure was applied at 0, 30 and 60 t ha-1 and inorganic nitrogen at 0, 45 and 90 kg ha-1, respectively along with Azotobacter. The organic carbon content was recorded at three stages, immediately after flowering (Oct-Nov), during vegetative growth stages in (Feb- March) and (April-May), respectively. The pooled data indicated that at stage I, there was a significant increase in the organic carbon in the soil with the application of maximum amount of FYM and nitrogen. The mean organic carbon content of the soil increased from 9.22 g kg-1 to 15.34 g kg-1 when FYM was applied in conjugation with inorganic nitrogen. However, the highest and significant organic carbon (17.50 g kg-1) was observed in the treatment in which nitrogen was applied at 90 kg ha-1 and FYM at 60 t ha-1 an increase of 156.9 per cent over the control (6.81 g ha-1). Similar trends were also observed at stage II and III, respectively. However, the effect of Azotobacter was found significant only at stage-III.

Carbon Sequestration under Saffron (Crocus sativa) Cultivation as Influenced by Different Levels of Organic Manure and Inorganic Nitrogen

The effect on carbon sequestration under saffron (Crocus sativa) cultivation as influenced by different levels of organic manure and inorganic nitrogen was investigated in a field experiment at Dryland (Karewa) Agriculture Research Station, Budgam, Kashmir. The farm yard manure was applied at 0, 30 and 60 t ha-1 and inorganic nitrogen at 0, 45 and 90 kg ha-1, respectively along with Azotobacter. The organic carbon content was recorded at three stages, immediately after flowering (Oct-Nov), during vegetative growth stages in (Feb- March) and (April-May), respectively. The pooled data indicated that at stage I, there was a significant increase in the organic carbon in the soil with the application of maximum amount of FYM and nitrogen. The mean organic carbon content of the soil increased from 9.22 g kg-1 to 15.34 g kg-1 when FYM was applied in conjugation with inorganic nitrogen. However, the highest and significant organic carbon (17.50 g kg-1) was observed in the treatment in which nitrogen was applied at 90 kg ha-1 and FYM at 60 t ha-1 an increase of 156.9 per cent over the control (6.81 g ha-1). Similar trends were also observed at stage II and III, respectively. However, the effect of Azotobacter was found significant only at stage-III.

Nitrogen-Fixing Soil Bacteria Plus Mycorrhizal Fungi Improve Seed Yield and Quality Traits of Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik)

Field experiments were carried out in Urmia, Iran to study the effect of biofertilizer application [i.e., nitrogen-fixing soil bacteria (Azotobacter) and mycorrhizal fungi (Glomus intraradices)] on quantitative and qualitative traits of lentil under rainfed and irrigated conditions. The effects of Azotobacter, mycorrhizal fungi, and mycorrhizal fungi plus Azotobacter applied at sowing were assessed on lentil growth under rainfed (i.e., no irrigation during growing season) and irrigated conditions (one irrigation at flowering initiation) compared with control plants (no application of Azotobacter or mycorrhizal fungi). Application of biofertilizers improved leaf moisture content by an average 19.2%, irrespective irrigation level, with the combination of mycorrhizal fungi plus Azotobacter causing the maximum increase (31.1%). Application of biofertilizers improved chl-a and total chlorophyll contents by an average 18.4% and 14.4% under supplemental irrigation, while reduced proline content by an average 14.4% under rainfed conditions and 8.3% under irrigated conditions. Improved biomass yield, seed yield, and seed protein by an average 5.9%, 6.5%, and 20.5% under rainfed conditions and by 24.9%, 21.9%, and 28.2% under irrigated conditions were observed with biofertilizer application compared with control. Plants treated with mycorrhizal fungi plus Azotobacter under supplemental irrigation showed the maximum increase in biomass yield (by 36.9%), seed yield (by 28.4%), and seed protein (by 38.3%). The beneficial effect of mycorrhizal fungi plus Azotobacter on photosynthesis, plant growth, and seed yield can be related to better water and nutrient uptake in lentil plants with application of biofertilizers, particularly under conditions of water shortage. Findings provide novel evidence concerning the effects of certain biological fertilizers on lentil growth and productivity under rainfed conditions, allowing recommendations for improving productivity of lentil cultivation systems in arid and semi-arid areas.

Effect of Azotobacter sp. and N Fertilizer on the Growth of Oil Palm Seedling Inoculated with Ganoderma sp.

Excess application of nitrogen fertilizer causes soil nutrient imbalances and reduce the number and soil microbial diversity. This condition could induce soil born dieseses such basal stem rot caused by Ganoderma sp. A study was conducted to enhance the plant tolerance to Ganoderma sp. through introduction of microbial community especially non-symbiotic N fxing bacteria, Azotobacter sp. Plant materials used were 4 months old of germinated oil palms, while Ganoderma sp. was isolated from Bekri, Lampung. There are seven treatments tested i e Azotobacter sp. + Ganoderma sp. (+A+G), Azotobacter sp. + 30% N fertilizer of recommended dosage + Ganoderma sp. (+A+30N+G), Azotobacter sp. + 60% N fertilizer of recommended dosage + Ganoderma sp. (+A+60N+G), Azotobacter sp. + 100% N fertilizer of recommended dosage + Ganoderma sp. (+A+100N+G), 100% N fertilizer of recommended dosage + Ganoderma sp. (+100N+G), Ganoderma sp. inoculation (positive control, +G), and non-inoculated Ganoderma sp. (negative control, -G). The result showed that Azotobacter sp.enhanced the height of plant inoculated with Ganoderma sp. when accompanied with N fertilizer of 30 to 100% of recommended dose. Moreover, +A+100N+G seedling had signifcantly higher fresh and dry weight of shoot compared to those of +G seedling or +100N+G seedling

Synergistic effect of Azotobacter and phosphate solublizing bacteria (PSB) inoculation on yield of Rabi sunflower under dryland conditions

Synergistic effect of Azotobacter and phosphate solublizing bacteria (PSB) inoculation on yield of Rabi sunflower under dryland conditions

Effect of Azotobacter and Chemical Phosphorus Fertilizer on Maize = تأثير الآزوتوباکتر و الفوسفور الكيميائي على الذرة

To study the effects of phosphorus and Azotobacter on yield of maize, a factorial experiment was carried out based on randomized complete block design with three replications in Astara, north of Iran, in 2012. The treatments were phosphorus fertilizer rates (0, 62.5, 125, 187.5 and 250 kg P2O5 ha-1) and seed treatment (inoculated with Azotobacter Vinelandii and uninoculated). The analysis of variance indicated that phosphorus fertilizer improved significantly grain yield. Because of non significant effect of two factors, the average of data across two conditions of inoculated and uninoculated with Azotobacter Vinelandii was used for drawing the graph. For nitrogen content in grain the interaction effects of two factor was significant and the graph drawn separately. The effects of Azotobacter were significant on nitrogen concentrations in grain and ear length. Phosphorus at the rate of 187.5 kg ha-1 was the optimum rate to cause a desirable increase in grain yield, thousand grain weights, biological yield, leaf area index, nitrogen content in grain, grain P uptake and ear length. Overall, utilization of biological nitrogen with chemical phosphorus fertilizer could be a strategy to achieve sustainable agriculture.

Effect of Azotobacter and Nitrogen Levels on Fruit Yield and Quality of Bell Pepper

Inorganic fertilizers alone cannot sustain high levels of productivity. It may cause deterioration of soil environment leading to low productivity. An investigation was carried out to develop integrated nutrient management technology for fruit yield of bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). The experiment was conducted at Horticulture Research Division, Nepal Agricultural Research Council Khumaltar, Lalitpur during 2010/011. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with three replications and having seven treatments viz., Control (100% NPK), Azotobacter + 25% N + PK, Azotobacter + 50% N + PK, Azotobacter + 75% N + PK, Azotobacter + FYM + 25% N + PK, Azotobacter + FYM + 50% N + PK, Azotobacter + FYM + 75% N + PK. Among the tested treatments, T7 (Azotobacter + FYM + 75 % N + PK) recorded the maximum plant height (66.18 cm), number of primary branches (8.20) and fruit yield (18.08 kg) per plot.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v12i0.6475 Nepal Journal of Science and Technology 12 (2011) 29-34

Effect of azotobacter, farmyard manure and nitrogen fertilization on productivity of pearl millet hybrids ( Pennisetum Glaucum (L) r. br) in semi-arid tropical environment

The field experiments were conducted with three pearl millet hybrids (viz., HHB-50, HHB-60, HHB-67) under twelve combinations of bio-fertilizer ( Azotobacter chrooccocum ), 5t FYM ha m 1 and four levels of mineral nitrogen (40, 80, 120, 160 kg N ha m 1 ) during two monsoon seasons at the research farm of the CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India. The results revealed that the hybrids HHB-50 and HHB-60 were significantly higher yielder than the HHB-67. In general, increased levels of fertilizer application improved grain yield and soil water use through remarkable improvement in different growth and yield attributing characters. However, yield advantages varied significantly under different fertility levels. The grain yield was almost 1.5 fold with 5t FYM + bio-fertilizer ha m 1 and two fold with 40 kg N + 5t FYM + bio-fertilizer ha m 1 over control (no fertilizer). Thus, these combinations of low input system of integrated nutrient management could be most beneficial to obtain relatively good yields of pearl millet hybrids by resource poor farmers of semi-arid tropical environment.

Effect of Azotobacter and Azospirillum inoculation under graded levels of nitrogen on growth and yield of sugarcane (Saccharum oflcinarum)

A field experiment conducted during 1990-91 to 1992-93 with sugarcane (Sacchnrum officinarum L.) indicated that application.of graded levels of nitrogen along with inoculation of 2cultures increased the cane and sugar yields to the extent of 7.30 and 0.78 m tonsha respectively compared with the uninoculated control. The gemination. tillering, number of millable canes, girth and cane height were also improved due to Azotobacter and Azospirillum culture combination. Maximum response was observed in Azotobncter + Azospirillum culture with nitrogen. There was a saving of fertilizer N to the extent of 25-50 kgha and im- provement in soil properties.

Effect of Azotobacter cultures in relation to nitrogen application on growth, yield and alkaloidal composition of opium poppy (Papaver somniferum)

A study conducted during 1987-91 to study the effect ofAzotobacter cultures M 4, W 5 on Jawahar Aphim 16 and Trishna (IC 42) varieties ofopium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) grown at Delhi. It increased the yield parameters and these were at par with 40 kg Nlha. The Azotobacter cultures were compatible to use in combination with N fertilizer. Of the 2 Azotobacter strains W 5 was superior and its use through dripping gave better response than seed treatments. Further the use of bio-fertilizer saved expenditure on 40 kg Nlha in opium poppy.

Interaction between VA-mycorrhizal fungus and Azotobacter and their combined effects on growth of tall fescue

The effect ofAzotobacter chroococcum Beij. on tall fescue (Festuca arundinaceae Schreb.) isolated from spores ofGlomus mosseae (Nicol. and Gerd.) Gerd. and Trappe was investigated in a greenhouse experiment. Dry masses of leaves, culms, and roots of tall fescue were significantly higher when tall fescue was inoculated with both Azotobacter and Glomus than with Azotobacter alone. Molybdenum had no significant effect on fescue when added with Azotobacter alone. When molybdenum was added to Azotobacter plus Glomus, however, the dry mass of tall fescue increased significantly.

Characterization ofAzotobacter spp. and effect of Azotobacter and Azospirillum as inoculant on the yield and N-uptake of wheat crop

Out of ten isolates ofAzospirillum spp. isolated from the root and rhizosphere of wheat plant, seven belonged toA. brasilense and three belonged toA. lipoferum. All eight isolates ofAzotobacter spp. belonged toAzotobacter chroococcum. Two strains, one fromA. lipoferum and another fromA. chroococcum having high nitrogen fixing capacity with negative test for denitrification were used as inoculant to supplement the nitrogen need of wheat crop. Significant increases in the yield of wheat grain and uptake of nitrogen by the crop over the control were found in pot tests when the seeds were inoculated either withAzospirillum spp. orAzotobacter spp. or the combination of both the inoculants.