Antimycotic Effect Research Articles

Ameliorative effects of silymarin on aflatoxin B1 toxicity in weaned rabbits: impact on growth, blood profile, and oxidative stress

Natural plant extracts offer numerous health benefits for rabbits, including improved feed utilization, antimycotic and antiaflatoxigenic effect, antioxidants, immunological modulation, and growth performance. The aim of the current study was to investigate the effects of silymarin on the performance, hemato-biochemical indices, antioxidants, and villus morphology. A total of 45 Moshtohor 4 weeks old weaned male rabbits were randomly allocated into three groups (15 rabbit/each) each group with 5 replicates. The first group served as the control group feed on an infected diet by aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) 0.02 mg/kg BW, while the second and third groups received an infected diet by AFB1 (0.02 mg/kg BW) and was treated with Silymarin 20 mg/kg BW/day or 30 mg/kg BW/day, respectively. Regarding the growth performance, silymarin supplementation significantly improved the final body weight compared with the control group. Physiologically, silymarin induced high level of dose-dependent total red blood cell count, hematocrit, eosinophils, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, superoxid dismutase, catalase activity, total antioxidant capacityand intestinal villi width and length. Moreover, silymarin significantly restricted oxidative stress indicators, malondialdehyde, Alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, total cholesterol, triglyceridein rabbits treated with (AFB1). In conclusion, silymarin supplementation to AFB1 contaminated rabbit diet may mitigate the negative effect of AFB1 on the rabbit performance and health status and increase growth performance, average daily gain, immunological modulation and antioxidants and provide a theoretical basis for the application of silymarin in livestock production.

Extraction, characterization, and assessment of the antioxidant activity of salvia officinalis extracts

Background : One of the biggest and most significant fragrant and medicinal genera in the Lamiaceae family is salvia (sage). Sage infusion can have numerous health advantages, including anti-mycotic, anti-carcinogenic, antidiabetic, antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-proliferative effects. By lowering free radicals, antioxidants are the chemical compounds that stop or postpone the oxidation process. Lipid oxidation causes color changes, texture problems, odd flavors, nutrient loss, and the creation of hazardous chemicals. Aim of study evaluation of the activity of Salvia officinalis extracts as antioxidants., Methods: Investigated was the chemical detection of active substances. the existence of an active substances and the use of aqueous and alcoholic extracts separately for toxicity test in mice in three concentrations: (10, 20,40 %) it was given orally and the dose ranged between (0.1-0.2 )ml twice a day. Leave the mice for 72 h with monitoring to determine the toxicity of the extracts or not, and evaluation of oxidative stress efficiency by using the DDPH method, Results: The presence of these compounds in extracts of the sage plant, which are compounds that have an effectiveness against cancer cells, which lies in the removal of free radicals (OH. O) they contribute to protecting cells and tissues from active oxygen, The toxicity test results of the aqueous and alcoholic extract showed that they were free of toxicity after oral dosing of mice, The active compounds in the prepared extracts have different polarity, in addition to the use of two different solvents, (water and ethanol), which lead differing results of the effectiveness of the aqueous and alcoholic extracts as antioxidants compared to the gallic acid. Conclusion: The tests for the detection of the active groups of the extracts showed that they are affected by the nature of the solvent in terms of polarity, which affects the type and concentration of the groups extracted and the nature of the extraction, The toxicity test results showed that the aqueous and alcoholic extracts were non-toxic, the results of the antioxidant activity test showed that the alcoholic extract of the sage plant is more effective than the aqueous extract.

Antimycotic effects of the plasma gun on the yeast Candida glabrata tested on various surfaces

AbstractThis work focuses on the antimycotic effects of the plasma gun as a potential tool for the treatment of superficial infections. Candida glabrata was chosen as a model microorganism. The preliminary tests have been done on the agar plates to establish the basic plasma parameters. To render this research more appropriate to the real application, more complex inoculation substrates, pork skin and 3D‐printed models of the dog ear canal have been used. The results of this work confirm the high efficiency of cold plasma in the inhibition of yeasts on different surfaces and will lead to further experiments.

Effects of Trace Elements and Antimycotics to Manage Rice Blast Disease Caused by Pyricularia oryzae

Effects of Trace Elements and Antimycotics to Manage Rice Blast Disease Caused by Pyricularia oryzae

Natural Sources of Therapeutic Agents Used in Skin Conditions.

Skin conditions are numerous and often have a major impact on patients' quality of life, and effective and safe treatment is very important. The conventional drugs used for skin diseases are usually corticosteroids and antimicrobial products that can induce various side effects, especially with long-term use, which is why researchers are studying alternatives, especially biologically active natural products. Three products caught our attention: bee venom (BV), due to reported experimental results showing anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidant, antimycotic, and anticancer effects, Ficus carica (FC) due to its demonstrated antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory action, and finally Geranium essential oil (GEO), with proven antifungal, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects. Following a review of the literature, we produced this paper, which presents a review of the potential therapeutic applications of the three products in combating various skin conditions and for skin care, because BV, FC, and GEO have common pharmacological actions (anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antioxidant). We also focused on studying the safety of the topical use of BV, FC, and GEO, and new approaches to this. This paper presents the use of these natural therapeutic agents to treat patients with conditions such as vitiligo, melasma, and melanoma, as well as their use in treating dermatological conditions in patients with diabetes.

Biocontrol Potential of Trichoderma asperellum CMT10 against Strawberry Root Rot Disease

Strawberry root rot caused by Neopestalotiopsis clavispora is one of the main diseases of strawberries and significantly impacts the yield and quality of strawberry fruit. Currently, the only accessible control methods are fungicide sprays, which could have an adverse effect on the consumers of the strawberries. Biological control is becoming an alternative method for the control of plant diseases to replace or decrease the application of traditional synthetic chemical fungicides. Trichoderma spp. are frequently used as biological agents to prevent root rot in strawberries. In order to provide highly effective biocontrol resources for controlling strawberry root rot caused by Neopestalotiopsis clavispora, the biocontrol mechanism, the control effects of T. asperellum CMT10 against strawberry root rot, and the growth-promoting effects on strawberry seedlings were investigated using plate culture, microscopy observation, and root drenching methods. The results showed that CMT10 had obvious competitive, antimycotic, and hyperparasitic effects on N. clavispora CMGF3. The CMT10 could quickly occupy nutritional space, and the inhibition rate of CMT10 against CMGF3 was 65.49% 7 d after co-culture. The inhibition rates of volatile metabolites and fermentation metabolites produced by CMT10 were 79.67% and 69.84% against CMGF3, respectively. The mycelium of CMT10 can act as a hyperparasite by contacting, winding, and penetrating the hyphae of CMGF3. Pot experiment showed that the biocontrol efficiency of CMT10 on strawberry root rot caused by Neopestalotiopsis clavispora was 63.09%. CMT10 promoted strawberry growth, plant height, root length, total fresh weight, root fresh weight, stem fresh weight, and root dry weight by 20.09%, 22.39%, 87.11%, 101.58%, 79.82%, and 72.33%, respectively. Overall, this study showed the ability of T. asperellum CMT10 to control strawberry root rot and its potential to be developed as a novel biocontrol agent to replace chemical fungicides for eco-friendly and sustainable agriculture.

Extraction, characterisation, and assessment of the antioxidant activity of Salvia officinalis extracts

One of the biggest and most significant fragrant and medicinal genera in the Lamiaceae family is salvia (sage). Sage infusion can have numerous health advantages, including anti-mycotic, anti-carcinogenic, antidiabetic, antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-proliferative effects. By lowering free radicals, antioxidants are the chemical compounds that stop or post-pone the oxidation process. Lipid oxidation causes color changes, texture problems, odd flavors, nutrient loss, and the creation of hazardous chemicals. Aim of study evaluation of the activity of Salvia officinalis extracts as antioxidants. Investigated was the chemical detection of active substances. The existence of an active substances and the use of aqueous and alcoholic extracts separately for toxicity test in mice in three concentrations: (10, 20, and 40 %) it was given orally and the dose ranged between (0.1-0.2) ml twice a day. Leave the mice for 72 h with monitoring to determine the toxicity of the extracts or not, and evaluation of oxidative stress efficiency by using the DDPH method. The presence of these compounds in extracts of the sage plant, which are compounds that have an effectiveness against cancer cells, which lies in the removal of free radicals (OH. O) they contribute to protecting cells and tissues from active oxygen, The toxicity test results of the aqueous and alcoholic extract showed that they were free of toxicity after oral dosing of mice, The active compounds in the prepared extracts have different polarity, in addition to the use of two different solvents, (water and ethanol), which lead differing results of the effectiveness of the aqueous and alcoholic extracts as antioxidants compared to the gallic acid. The tests for the detection of the active groups of the extracts showed that they are affected by the nature of the solvent in terms of polarity, which affects the type and concentration of the groups extracted and the nature of the extraction, The toxicity test results showed that the aqueous and alcoholic extracts were non-toxic, the results of the antioxidant activity test showed that the alcoholic extract of the sage plant is more effective than the aqueous extract.

Antibacterial and Antimycotic Activity of Epilobium angustifolium L. Extracts: A Review.

The aim of this work was to provide an overview of available information on the antibacterial and antifungal properties of Epilobium angustifolium extracts. A literature search of Scopus, PubMed/Medline, and Google Scholar for peer-reviewed articles published between January 2000 and June 2023 was undertaken. A total of 23 studies were eligible for inclusion in this review. Significant variation of antimicrobial activity depending on the tested species and strains, type of extract solvent, or plant organs utilized for the extract preparation was found. E. angustifolium extracts were active against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and showed antimycotic effects against the fungi of Microsporum canis and Trichophyton tonsurans and the dermatophytes Arthroderma spp. Greater susceptibility of Gram-positive than Gram-negative bacteria to fireweed extracts was found. A strong antibacterial effect was recorded for Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Micrococcus luteus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter baumannii including multi-drug resistant strains. E. angustifolium extract might find practical application as an antimicrobial in wound healing, components of cosmetic products for human and animals, or as food preservatives.

Clinical effectiveness of combined topical remedy «Triderm» in treatment of chronic eczema

Objective — evaluation of the effectiveness, safety and tolerability of the local remedy «Triderm» in the treatment of patients with chronic eczema (ChE). Materials and methods. 30 patients with ChE aged from 25 to 47 years were examined. Among the patients, the diagnosis of true eczema (TE) complicated by secondary infection was established in 37.7%, microbial eczema (ME) — in 63.3 % of cases. A mild degree of severity of ChrE was established in 18 (60.0 %) patients (in 6 with TE, 12 with ME), moderate — in 12 (40.0 %) patients (in 5 with TE, in 7 with ME). Patients used the topical combined glucocorticosteroid «Triderm» twice a day for 14 days. The clinical effectiveness of the local drug was evaluated on the 7th and 14th days of treatment and on the 28th day after the start of therapy according to the dynamics of EASI (Eczema Area and Severity Index), visual analog scale (VAS) of itching, numerical rating scale (NRS) and Dermatological Index of Quality of Life (DIQL). Results and discussion. As a result of the use of «Triderm», positive changes in clinical manifestations were achieved in all patients with ChE — clinical remission (decrease in EASI by more than 75 % from the initial state) was determined in 70 % of patients; significant clinical improvement (decrease in EASI by 50—75 %) and improvement of 30 % (decrease of EASI by 25—50 %), disappearance or significant weakening of itching (decrease in intensity of itching by 4.3 times according to VAS and 3.9 times according to NRS), significant improvement of quality of life (absence of disease impact on life in 76.7 % of patients). Faster improvement and regression of dermatosis, recovery of other dermatological indicators occurred with a mild degree, compared to a medium-severe one. Conclusions. The use of the local combined drug «Triderm» which has anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antimycotic effects, determines the high efficiency of chronic eczema therapy at various stages of the inflammatory process. The clinical effectiveness of «Triderm» allows it to be recommended for the topical therapy of dermatoses in the pathogenesis of which inflammation, bacterial and fungal flora are important (complicated true and microbial eczema, atopic dermatitis, etc.). The use of «Triderm» cream/ointment allows increasing the compliance, reducing the risk of developing unwanted reactions and interactions between active substances. The good tolerability of the drug and the absence of side effects indicate a favorable safety profile of the studied drug.

Design and evaluation of antifungal vaginal suppository using coconut oil as base for vulvovaginal candidiasis

BackgroundThe emergence of antimicrobial resistance to antifungals has made vulvovaginal candidiasis a concern. Coconut oil has antimycotic properties that could have a synergistic effect when combined with antifungals. Thus, clotrimazole suppositories were prepared using coconut oil as a base to improve its use and delivery in antimycotic treatment and the suppositories were evaluated for their physicochemical, mechanical, and drug release properties, and the antimycotic effect of clotrimazole and coconut oil was examined singly and in combination, as well as their formulations using the agar-well diffusion method in comparison with polyethylene glycol (PEG), and cocoa butter bases. Using the fusion method, coconut oil was solidified with beeswax (20–50%) to prepare 100 mg clotrimazole suppositories. Surfactants (4% w/w); Tween 20®, Span 20®, sodium lauryl sulphate, and their combinations (3% w/w ratio 1:1 of Tween 20® and Span 20®) were used to improve the rate of drug release from the suppository.ResultsThe suppositories had a pH of 4.1–6.0 and crushing strengths of 0.53 ± 0.07–32.56 ± 5.42 N. Suppositories containing surfactants and those prepared from PEG had significantly (p < 0.05) lower disintegration times ranging from 35 to 90 min than those without surfactants ranging from 305 to 388 min. Drug release (t80) was the fastest from the suppositories containing 40% coconut oil, Tween 20, and PEG. Using the Korsmeyer–Peppas’ model, suppositories made from PEG had a non-Fickian diffusion, while those containing 40% coconut oil, and Tween 20 had a super case II transport mechanism. The combination of clotrimazole and coconut oil gave higher zones of inhibition against Candida species compared to either clotrimazole or coconut oil alone. The formulations had higher antimycotic activities against Candida albicans than Candida krusei and Candida tropicalis.ConclusionThe optimized formulation with the desired physicochemical and drug release properties was obtained with coconut oil (40% w/w) solidified with beeswax (50% w/w) as a base. Coconut oil appeared to possess a synergistic antimycotic effect on clotrimazole. Thus, clotrimazole vaginal suppositories with coconut oil as a base in the treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis showed potential against C. albicans and other Candida species.Graphical abstract

Investigation of active laser delivery and antimycotic activity of zinc-containing nanomaterials and photodynamic drugs in the treatment of onychomicosis

One of the most common nail pathologies is onychomycosis, a fungal nail infection. The low efficiency of existing methods for the treatment of onychomycosis stimulates the search for new drugs and technologies for their delivery under the nail plate. The aim of the investigation was to study the possibility of using Er:YLF laser radiation for sequential laser microporation of the human nail plate and active laser delivery of modern photodynamic preparations and zinc-containing nanomaterials under the nail plate, as well as to determine their antimycotic activity against the Candida albicans fungus under photodynamic exposure with a wavelength of 656±10 nm. A 0.001 % aqueous solution of methylene blue, a chlorine-containing Revixan gel, as well as zinc-containing nanomaterials, which are aqueous solutions of polyvinylpyrrolidone gel with different concentrations of Zn(NO3)2 nanoparticles and acidity, were studied. It was established that the smallest number of laser pulses required for in vitro microporation of the nail plate and active laser delivery under the nail plate is required when using a 0.001 % aqueous solution of methylene blue, and the largest is required when using Revixan gel. For zinc-containing nanomaterials, an increase in the concentration of Zn(NO3)2 nanoparticles from 14 to 40 % leads to an increase in the number of laser pulses required for active drug delivery under the nail plate by 1.25 times, while a change in the acidity of the pH gel from 7.0 to 6.7 does not has a significant impact on it. It was found that all the studied drugs in combination with photodynamic action at a wavelength of 656±10 nm have an antimycotic effect on the Candida albicans fungus culture. The minimum growth rate of Candida albicans colonies was observed when using the Revixan gel, for which the antimycotic activity reached 73.8 %. The obtained results can be applied in the development of laser systems and technologies for the treatment of fungal diseases, including for photodynamic therapy of onychomycosis.

Antimycotic effects of synthetic fungicides and plant extracts on Aspergillus flavus

Aspergillus flavus contaminates the seeds of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) and produces mycotoxins. This study was carried out to proffer solutions to the infection caused by A. flavus on cowpea seeds. The in vitro trial was set up using two rates (50 and 100%) of each potential control agent (mancozeb, COPMET (Copper-I-oxide + metalaxyl), and aqueous extracts of Eucalyptus and neem) and a control (0%). The botanical extracts and pesticides inhibited the fungus growth significantly (P≤0.05) at different times. Both concentrations of mancozeb gave 100% inhibition of the fungus at 24–168 hours after incubation (HAI). At 24 HAI, Eucalyptus extract (50 and 100%) completely inhibited the fungus growth similar to mancozeb. Eucalyptus extract was more effective than neem extract and COPMET throughout. Though the extracts of both botanicals inhibited the growth of A. flavus at 168 HAI, Eucalyptus (83.8-89.2%) was more potent than neem (20.3–28.4%). At 48-168 HAI, both concentrations of neem extract and COPMET had similar effect on the fungus. The early stage of the antimycotic intervention is critical to the control of the fungus. This can be achieved by dressing cowpea seeds with mancozeb or Eucalyptus. However, due to the high cost and toxicity of synthetic chemicals, Eucalyptus extract could be used as an alternative for management of the fungus or incorporated into integrated disease management programmes for A. flavus. Research on the effects of long-term storage of cowpea using these botanicals is highly admonished.

Antimycotic effect of 3-phenyllactic acid produced by probiotic bacterial isolates against Covid-19 associated mucormycosis causing fungi.

The Covid-19 associated mucormycosis (CAM) is an emerging disease affecting immunocompromised patients. Prevention of such infections using probiotics and their metabolites persist as effective therapeutic agents. Therefore, the present study emphasizes on assessment of their efficacy and safety. Samples from different sources like human milk, honey bee intestine, toddy, and dairy milk were collected, screened and characterized for potential probiotic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and their metabolites to be used as effective antimicrobial agents to curtail CAM. Three isolates were selected based on probiotic properties and characterized as Lactobacillus pentosus BMOBR013, Lactobacillus pentosus BMOBR061 and Pediococcus acidilactici BMOBR041 by 16S rRNA sequencing and MALDI TOF-MS. The antimicrobial activity against standard bacterial pathogens showed ˃9 mm zone of inhibition. Furthermore, the antifungal activity of three isolates was tested against Aspergillus flavus MTCC 2788, Fusarium oxysporum, Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis where the results showed significant inhibition of each fungal strain. Further studies were carried out on lethal fungal pathogens like Rhizopus sp. and two Mucor sp. which are associated with post Covid-19 infection in immunosuppressed diabetic patients. Our studies on CAM inhibitory effect of LAB revealed the efficient inhibition against Rhizopus sp. and two Mucor sp. The cell free supernatants of three LAB showed varied inhibitory activity against these fungi. Following the antimicrobial activity, the antagonistic metabolite 3-Phenyllactic acid (PLA) in culture supernatant was quantified and characterized by HPLC and LC-MS using standard PLA (Sigma Aldrich). The isolate L. pentosus BMOBR013 produced highest PLA (0.441 g/L), followed by P. acidilactici BMOBR041 (0.294 g/L) and L. pentosus BMOBR061 (0.165 g/L). The minimum inhibitory concentration of HPLC eluted PLA on the Rhizopus sp. and two Mucor sp. was found to be 180 mg/ml which was further confirmed by inhibition of total mycelia under live cell imaging microscope.

Gliadin nanoparticles stabilized by sodium carboxymethyl cellulose as carriers for improved dispersibility, stability and bacteriostatic activity of Natamycin

There is increasing interest in the development of Natamycin (Nata) containing ingredients appropriate as substitutes for chemical food preservatives, due to its safe and efficient antimycotic effects. This work reported that gliadin (Gli) could effectively perform as nano-vehicles to enhance Nata's water dispersibility and stability. Nata-Gli nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by adjusting the solution pH and anti-solvent method using the amphiphilicity of Gli. The encapsulation rate of NPs could reach 85.5%, and the loading rate was 8.6%. Nata-Gli/CMC nanocomposite system was prepared using sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) as an antisolvent. Compared with the Nata-Gli NPs, the spherical structure of the particles with CMC addition is more apparent and more homogeneous. The bacteriostatic properties of the Nata-Gli/CMC nanocomposite system against Penicillium expansum were tested in vitro and in vivo. The results in vitro results confirmed that the application of Nata-Gli/CMC nanocomposite system improved the water dispersibility of natamycin and thus enhanced the bacteriostatic activity of natamycin. The results in vivo indicated that Nata-Gli/CMC nanocomposite system reduced the occurrence of rot and mildew in inoculated kumquat. The findings provide an effective strategy to provide a new idea for applying Nata and provide a reference for developing the post-harvest colloidal delivery system.

Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus C1 effectively inhibits Penicillium roqueforti: Effects of antimycotic culture supernatant on toxin synthesis and corresponding gene expression.

Recently, consumers are increasingly concerned about the contamination of food by molds and the addition of chemical preservatives. As natural and beneficial bacteria, probiotics are a prospective alternative in food conservation because of their antimycotic activities, although the mechanism has not been explained fully at the level of metabolites. This study aimed at investigating the antifungal activities and their mechanisms of five potential probiotic strains (Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus C1, Lacticaseibacillus casei M8, Lactobacillus amylolyticus L6, Schleiferilactobacillus harbinensis M1, and Limosilactobacillus fermentum M4) against Penicillium roqueforti, the common type of mold growth on the bread. Results showed that C1 emerged the strongest effectiveness at blocking mycelium growth, damaging the morphology of hyphae and microconidia, decreasing DNA content and interfering in the synthesis of the fungal toxins patulin, roquefortine C and PR-toxin, as well as downregulating the expression of key genes associated with the toxin biosynthesis pathways. Further metabonomic investigation revealed that protocatechuic acid with the minimum inhibitory concentration of 0.40 mg/mL, may be most likely responsible for positively correlated with the antimycotic effects of C1. Thus, C1 is expected to be both a potentially greatly efficient and environmental antimycotic for controlling P. roqueforti contamination in foods.

Molecular exploration of hidden pleiotropic activities of azoles on dermatophytes in human tinea corporis infection.

Dermatophyte infections are widespread worldwide and are the most prevalent cause of fungal infection of the skin, hair, and nails. Tinea corporis is most commonly caused by dermatophytes belonging to three genera: Trichophyton,Microsporum, andEpidermophyton. The disease may be acquired through person-to-person transmission, typically by direct communication with an infected individual. Since dermatophytes causing tinea corporis infection are restricted to superficial keratinized tissue, topical treatments are most effective in patients with naïve tinea corporis unless the disease is widespread. Dermatophyte adherence to a keratinized structure is an essential step in dermatophytosis pathogenesis, whereby proteolytic enzyme activity is converted into a particular keratolytic activity that encourages the dermatophyte to use keratin as the sole source of carbon. Despite increasing dermatophytosis worldwide, particularly in the tropics, this research has often been neglected, appears to predominate globally, and presents practitioners with a therapeutic challenge. However, experts supported the use of allylamines in the pleiotropic molecular exploration of azoles, including reactive oxygen species (ROS) inducer, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and wide-spectrum antimycotic effects. Therefore, the current review aims to update and reform this essential subject and illustrate the recent advancement of the hidden pleiotropic activity of azoles at the molecular level on dermatophytes in human tinea corporis infection.

Bacterial nanocellulose patches as a carrier for hydrating formulations to improve the topical treatment of nail diseases

Bacterial nanocellulose has been widely investigated for wound healing applications, mainly due to its moisturizing capabilities and biocompatibility. Even though the topical therapy of nail diseases could benefit from these properties, this application has not yet been investigated. Therefore, actively hydrating nail patches based on bacterial nanocellulose were developed to improve the delivery of ciclopirox olamine and Boswellia serrata extract through the nail plate. The nanocellulose matrix was used to enable the application of hydration enhancing solutions based on glycerol and urea as a mechanically stable patch. While the favorable mechanical characteristics of the material remained unchanged, an increase of the incorporated glycerol concentration enhanced the transparency and wetting capacity of the patches. A biphasic drug release from the patches could be observed for drug and extract with a faster release for the hydrophilic ciclopirox olamine. High glycerol concentrations correlated with increased cumulative release and permeation through keratin films for drug and extract, demonstrating the hydration driven permeation enhancement. Patches containing ciclopirox olamine showed strong antimycotic effects against relevant pathogens for onychomycosis. The present finding proposed the combination of bacterial nanocellulose with glycerol, urea and different drug as a promising platform for the local treatment of nail diseases.

Estimation of Phytochemical Analysis and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Fresh Extract of Parmotrema Perlatum and Vitex Negundo

Abstract: Lichens are known for their extraordinary secondary metabolites and thrombolytic activity. Parmotrema perlatum is commonly called Canary moss or Mangalore spices. This lichen is used as tspices in the food in the Indian tradition. The use of P. perlatum in medicine is based on the fact that they contain unique and varied biologically active substances, as natural Antioxidant, Anti-microbial, and Anti-coagulant. Since they are natural anti-biotics, their metabolites exert a wide variety of biological actions including anti-mycotic, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-pyretic, anti-proliferative, and cytotoxic effects, they are considered as potential drugs. They contain a variety of secondary metabolites flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins . The lichens can be used as active ingredients for the preparation of drugs for their broad range of activity. The results obtained as a range of phytochemicals like terpenoids, flavonoids, glycosides, carohydrates, proteins were detected in the leaf extracts. Fresh leaves of Parmotrema perlatum and Vitex negundo Aqueous, Chloroform, and Methanol extracts were prepared and used to find out the anti-inflammatory activity of Parmotrema perlatum and Vitex negundo by In Vitro anti-inflammatory method. The study showed significant results.

Phytochemical and pharmacological profiles of the essential oil from the inflorescences of the Cannabis sativa L.

Industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) female inflorescences have long been considered as waste material in the hemp production chain. However, past studies focused on the valorization of female inflorescences as high-quality byproducts with promising health-promoting applications. In line with this evidence, the present research investigated the phytochemical and pharmacological properties with a comparative approach on two essential oils (EOs) obtained from the inflorescences of the industrial hemp varieties Kompolti and Tisza. The EOs composition in terpenes and terpenophenols was determined. The effects of the EOs in modulating the viability of different cancer cell lines was investigated. Whereas, in hypothalamic HypoE22 cells, the release of dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin was measured, as an index of neuromodulatory activity. Moreover, the EO mycostatic properties were explored towards different dermatophyte species. The prominent terpenes were iso-caryophyllene, α-humulene, and β-caryophyllene oxide in both Kompolti and Tisza EOs, whereas cannabidiol and cannabigerolic acid were the main terpenophenols, respectively. Both essential oils inhibited the viability of different cancer cells; particularly, the essential oil of Tisza variety displayed a marked cytotoxicity in cholangiocarcinoma cells. A possible role of both terpenophenols and caryophyllane sesquiterpenes as bioactive anticancer compounds has been hypothesized. While cannabidiol could contribute to the stimulation of hypothalamic serotonin release by Kompolti EO. The essential oils also produced antimycotic effects, for which β-caryophyllene oxide could be partly responsible. Overall, the present findings highlight pharmacological properties of Kompolti and Tisza EOs, which deserve further investigations and strengthen the interest in industrial hemp inflorescences as valuable source of bioactive extracts and compounds.

Polyphenolic composition and antimicrobial activity of extracts obtained from grape processing by-products: Between green biotechnology and nutraceutical

Vitis vinifera (grape) is a multiuse crop rich in biomolecules with recognized health-promoting effects. In the wine-making industry, pomace is the main by-product, representing up to 20% of the whole biomass. However, the pomace and juice deriving from the pressing may represent innovative raw materials, and in the present study, the aim was to compare phenolic composition and biological activities of hydroalcoholic extracts obtained from grape pomace and juice of the cultivars Sagrantino, Tintilia, Vernaccia and Falanghina. While the Falanghina hydroalcoholic extract showed the highest total phenol level and antiradical potential, in Sagrantino pomace and Vernaccia juice, the catechin concentration was up to 20-fold higher compared to the other extracts. They also displayed the highest antimycotic effects, especially against Trichophyton rubrum and Arthroderma crocatum. However, their mycostatic effects could be only partially related to the catechin content. Indeed, the putative binding of catechin towards lanosterol-14-α-demethylase, deeply involved in fungal metabolism, would occur at a concentration ten-fold higher compared to the catechin level corresponding to the extracts’ MIC; thus suggesting multiple antimycotic mechanisms. Overall, the present study suggests the valorization of grape by-products that could open new applicative scenarios in the local productive chain, often characterized by high quality wine with low productive yield.