Effect Of Alpha-lipoic Acid Research Articles

Therapeutic effects of alpha lipoic acid and/or caffeine-loaded chitosan nanoparticles on memory impairment and neurochemical changes in high-fat diet-induced obese rats

The therapeutic effects of alpha lipoic acid (LA) and/or caffeine-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (CCNPs) on obesity-induced memory impairment were evaluated in the present study. Rats were divided into control rats, obese rats induced by high fat diet (HFD) and obese rats treated with LA and/or CCNPs. Obesity was confirmed by measuring the body mass index (BMI). Memory and cognitive functions were evaluated by novel object recognition test (NORT). The levels of serotonin (5-HT), dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE), lipid peroxidation (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), reduced glutathione (GSH), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), leptin (LEP) and ghrelin (GHR) and the activities of monoamine oxidase (MAO), acetylcholinesterase (AchE) and Na+,K+,ATPase were determined in the cortex and hippocampus. The cerebral histopathological alterations were examined in obese rats.Obese rats showed impaired memory and exhibited significant neurochemical changes, including decreased levels of 5-HT, DA, GSH, GHR, and Na+,K+-ATPase activity, as well as an increase in AchE, MAO, MDA, NO, IL-1β, TNF-α, and LEP. LA and/or CCNPs treatment reduced BMI and improved memory. LA or CCNPs alleviated the cortical and hippocampal neurochemical changes and histopathological changes induced by obesity. Furthermore, LA and CCNPs exhibited antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, which likely contributed to their effects. However, no synergistic effect was observed between LA and CCNPs. These findings suggest that LA or CCNPs may be a potential therapy against obesity and its adverse effects on memory, mediated by their ability to restore monoamine levels and exhibit antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.

Effects of alfa lipoic acid and coenzyme Q10 treatment on AFB1-induced oxidative, inflammatory, and DNA damages in rats

Food contamination with Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a worldwide concern that adversely affects animal and human health. The study aimed to evaluate the protective effect of alpha lipoic acid (ALA) and/or co-enzyme Q10 (CQ10) against the harmful effects of AFB1 on the liver and kidneys. Fifty-six mature male Wistar Albino rats (180–200 g) were divided into seven groups, each with eight rats: (1) saline was given as a control, (2) ALA (100 mg/kg bw/day) was given by stomach gavage for fifteen days, and (3) CQ10 (10 mg/kg bw/day) was given by stomach gavage for fifteen days. Group (4) orally given AFB1 (2.5 mg/kg bw) on days 12th and 14th, (5) received AFB1 and ALA, (6) received AFB1 and CQ10, and (7) received AFB1, ALA, and CQ10, as previously described in the ALA, CQ10, and AFB1 groups. After the exposure to AFB1, a significant increase in liver markers (AST, ALT, ALP, and LDH) and renal function tests (BUN and creatinine) was observed compared with the control. ALA and/or CQ10 significantly reduced enzymes of liver and renal functions, as compared with AFB1. AFB1 exposure threw off the balance between oxidants and antioxidants. Still, ALA and/or CQ10 made oxidative stress (MDA, NO, and 8-OHdG) much lower and antioxidant activities (GSH, GSH-Px, SOD, and CAT) much higher. When we used the two together, the activities matched the control levels. Interestingly, this study shows that ALA and CQ10 significantly lowered IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α levels compared to the control values when used together after AFB1 exposure caused robust inflammation. Some CQ10 treatment parameters significantly outperformed those of ALA. ALA and CQ10 together worked better than either one alone to protect against AFB1-induced toxicity in the hepatic and renal parenchyma in terms of reducing inflammation, preventing DNA damage, and fighting free radicals.

The neuroprotective effects of alpha lipoic acid in rotenone-induced Parkinson's disease in mice via activating PI3K/AKT pathway and antagonizing related inflammatory cascades

Parkinson's disease (PD) is an idiopathic disease caused by the loss or degeneration of the dopaminergic (dopamine-producing) neurons in the brain and characterized by various inflammatory and apoptotic responses in the neuronal cells. Phosphoinositide 3–kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) axis is responsible for neuronal survival by providing a number of anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic milieu that prevent the progression of PD. Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) is a natural cofactor that has antioxidant capacity and contributes to various metabolic processes. ALA can penetrate the blood-brain barrier and contribute to numerous neuroprotective effects. It can activate PI3K/AKT pathway with consequent reduction of different inflammatory and oxidative biomarkers. Our work aims to unfold the neuroprotective effects of ALA via targeting PI3k/AKT pathway. Forty male mice were divided into four groups: control, ALA (100 mg/kg/day; i.p.), rotenone (ROT) (1.5 mg/kg/2 days, i.p.) and rotenone + ALA for 21 days. ALA showed obvious neuroprotective effects via significant activation of PI3K/AKT pathway with subsequent decreasing level of Caspase-3. ALA resulted in prominent anti-inflammatory actions by decreasing interlukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and nuclear factor kabba (NFk)-B. ALA remarkably induced antioxidant activities via increasing reduced glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels as well as decreasing malondialdehyde (MDA) level. The substantial behavioral improvement reflected in these results was noticed in the ALA-treated mice as a reflection of the neuroprotective activities of ALA. In conclusion, ALA showed promising neuroprotective effects in rotenone-induced PD via activating the PI3K/AKT pathway and consequent inhibition of apoptotic and inflammatory biomarkers.

Potential protective effect of alpha lipoic acid against testicular oxidative stress and altered gene expression induced by gentamicin treatment

Background: Gentamicin induces testicular damage in association with oxidative stress explained by different mechanisms, including gene expression suppression of some antioxidant enzymes. The aim of the study: To investigate the potential protective effects of α-lipoic acid against gentamicininduced testicular oxidative stress in terms of altered gene expression. Materials and methods: A parallel experimental study was conducted including fifty adult male albino rats. The animals were grouped into five. The control group received intraperitoneal NaCl 0.9%, while the other groups received 36.5mg/kg/day intraperitoneal gentamicin. Group-1 received gentamicin only, group-2 received gentamicin + intraperitoneal α-lipoic acid 100mg/kg/day, group-3 received gentamicin + intraperitoneal α-lipoic acid 200mg/kg/day, and group-4 received gentamicin + oral vitamin E 100mg/kg/day. All treatments were given for 14 days. The animals were euthanized in two halves on the 15th and 60th days. Testes were immediately removed, frozen, and evaluated for oxidative stress biomarkers and gene expression of antioxidant enzymes. Results: Gentamicin increased malondialdehyde by mean difference ± standard error of 115.57 ± 2.18, decreased total antioxidant capacity by -9.23 ± 0.27, and decreased catalase and superoxide dismutase activities by -1.89 ± 0.45 and -11.77 ± 2.86, respectively, compared to the control. Additionally, gentamicin downregulated gene expression of catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase. However, adding vitamin E or α-lipoic acid cured the oxidative stress and partially to completely upregulated the gene expression. Conclusion: Reversal of testicular oxidative and gene suppression associated with gentamicin could be achieved with α-lipoic acid co-treatment, which might be applied in human studies.

Therapeutic Effect of Alpha Lipoic Acid in a Rat Preclinical Model of Preeclampsia: Focus on Maternal Signs, Fetal Growth and Placental Function.

Chronic hypertension is a major risk factor for preeclampsia (PE), associated with significant maternal and neonatal morbidity. We previously demonstrated that pregnant stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP) display a spontaneous PE-like phenotype with distinct placental, fetal, and maternal features. Here, we hypothesized that supplementation with alpha lipoic acid (ALA), a potent antioxidant, during early pregnancy could ameliorate the PE phenotype in this model. To test this hypothesis, timed pregnancies were established using 10 to 12-week-old SHRSP females (n = 19-16/group), which were assigned to two treatment groups: ALA (injected intraperitoneally with 25 mg/kg body weight ALA on gestation day (GD1, GD8, and GD12) or control, receiving saline following the same protocol. Our analysis of maternal signs showed that ALA prevented the pregnancy-dependent maternal blood pressure rise (GD14 blood pressure control 169.3 ± 19.4 mmHg vs. 146.1 ± 13.4 mmHg, p = 0.0001) and ameliorated renal function, as noted by the increased creatinine clearance and improved glomerular histology in treated dams. Treatment also improved the fetal growth restriction (FGR) phenotype, leading to increased fetal weights (ALA 2.19 ± 0.5 g vs. control 1.98 ± 0.3 g, p = 0.0074) and decreased cephalization indexes, indicating a more symmetric fetal growth pattern. This was associated with improved placental efficiency, decreased oxidative stress marker expression on GD14, and serum soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt1) levels on GD20. In conclusion, ALA supplementation mitigated maternal signs and improved placental function and fetal growth in SHRSP pregnancies, emerging as a promising therapy in pregnancies at high risk for PE.

Effects of Alpha Lipoic Acid Supplementation on Slow Skeletal Muscle Mass and Contractile Functions in Type 2 Diabetic Male Sprague Dawley Rats

Objective: To see the Effects of Alpha-Lipoic Acid (ALA) supplementation on slow skeletal muscle mass andcontractile functions in type 2 diabetic male Sprague Dawley rats.Study Design: Quasi-experimental study.Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out at the Physiology Research Lab, Army MedicalCollege, Rawalpindi, Pakistan from June 2019 to April 2021 in collaboration with the National Institute of Health(NIH) Islamabad, Pakistan.Methods: Sixty adult SD rats were divided into three equal groups. Rats were fed on a standard diet as per NIHprotocols. After 2 weeks type 2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was induced in groups 2 and 3 by injecting low dose35mg of streptozotocin (STZ) in the abdomen intraperitoneally. T2DM was successfully developed andconfirmed by measuring glucose levels through a glucometer. Group 3 was injected with Alpha Lipoic acid30mg/kg/day at the lower abdomen for the next two weeks. After 04 weeks, soleus muscles were dissected.The animal data acquisition unit (iWorx) was used for assessing the contractile functions of soleus.Results: Alpha Lipoic acid group showed improvement in muscle mass, muscle tension strength, and recoveryfrom fatigue after applying fatigue protocol as compared to group 2.Conclusion: Alpha Lipoic acid supplementation improves contractile force and delays fatigue in the soleusmuscles of diabetic rats. How to cite this: Khan BU, Yousef I, Arshad S, Ikram F, Ali A, Ullah I. Effects of Alpha Lipoic Acid Supplementation on Slow Skeletal Muscle Mass and Contractile Functions in Type 2 Diabetic Male Sprague Dawley Rats. Life and Science. 2024; 5(2): 216-221. doi: http://doi.org/10.37185/LnS.1.1.408

Alpha lipoic acid administration improved both peripheral sensitivity to insulin and liver clearance of insulin reducing potential risk of diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in overweight/obese PCOS patients

Objective To evaluate the effects of alpha lipoic acid (ALA) on hormonal and metabolic parameters in a group of overweight/obese Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) patients. Methods This was a retrospective study in which thirty-two overweight/obese patients with PCOS (n = 32) not requiring hormonal treatment were selected from the database of the ambulatory clinic of the Gynecological Endocrinology Center at the University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy. The hormonal profile, routine exams and insulin and C-peptide response to oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were evaluated before and after 12 weeks of complementary treatment with ALA (400 mg/day). Hepatic Insulin Extraction (HIE) index was also calculated. Results ALA administration significantly improved insulin sensitivity and decreased ALT and AST plasma levels in all subjects, though no changes were observed on reproductive hormones. When PCOS patients were subdivided according to the presence or absence of familial diabetes background, the higher effects of ALA were observed in the former group that showed AST and ALT reduction and greater HIE index decrease. Conclusion ALA administration improved insulin sensitivity in overweight/obese PCOS patients, especially in those with familial predisposition to diabetes. ALA administration improved both peripheral sensitivity to insulin and liver clearance of insulin. Such effects potentially decrease the risk of nonalcoholic fat liver disease and diabetes in PCOS patients.

Efecto del ácido alfa-lipoico en microsomas de cerebro y corazón de rata sometidos a estrés oxidativo inducido por ascorbato-Fe++

Efecto del ácido alfa-lipoico en microsomas de cerebro y corazón de rata sometidos a estrés oxidativo inducido por ascorbato-Fe++

The Effects of Alpha Lipoic Acid on Oxidative Stress, Lipid Profile, and Blood Glucose Levels in Type 2 Diabetic Male Sprague Dawley Rats

Objective: To determine the effect of Alpha Lipoic Acid (ALA) on blood glucose, lipid profile, and oxidative stress in streptozotocin-induced type II diabetic male Sprague Dawley rats.Study Design: Laboratory-based experimental study.Place and Duration of the Study: The study was carried out at the Physiology Research Lab, Army Medical College, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, from 20th January 2021 to 24th June 2021.Methods: Thirty Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were divided into three equal groups. Group I was given a normal standard rat diet. In Groups II and III after feeding a diet rich in fat and calories for 2 weeks, after feeding a diet rich in fat and calories for 2 weeks, a single low dose of streptozotocin was injected for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) induction. Alpha Lipoic Acid 30 mg/kg body weight/day was administered intraperitoneally in Group III for 01 weeks after the development of T2DM.Results: The blood glucose, lipid profile, and serum Malondialdehyde levels were deranged in the diabetic group. After Alpha Lipoic Acid supplementation, the blood glucose levels, Serum MDA, and levels of triglycerides, cholesterol, and Low Density Lipoproteins decreased, whereas High Density Lipoproteins level were significantly raised (p <0.001) in group III as compared to the diabetic group II. Conclusion: Treatment with Alpha Lipoic Acid reduces oxidative stress and improve reduces oxidative stress and improves glycemic and lipid profiles in T2DM rats.
 How to cite this: khan BU, Arshad S, Ikram F, Yousef I, Naizi I, Ismaeel M. The Effects of Alpha Lipoic Acid on Oxidative Stress, Lipid Profile and Blood Glucose Levels in Type 2 Diabetic Male Sprague Dawley Rats. Life and Science. 2024; 5(1): 89-94. doi: http://doi.org/10.37185/LnS.1.1.405

Effect of Alpha Lipoic Acid and Pyridine Group on Silicone Hydrogel Lens

Effect of Alpha Lipoic Acid and Pyridine Group on Silicone Hydrogel Lens

Effect of Alpha Lipoic Acid (ALA) Supplementation in Goat Oocyte In Vitro Maturation Media on Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) and 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) Levels

Introduction: This study explains about the effect of Alpha Lipoic Acid (ALA) supplementation in goat oocyte In Vitro maturation media on Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) levels and 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels with the aim of determining the status of balanced intracellular redox status and good oocyte quality. Objective: This laboratory experimental study contained three treatment groups: no ALA (P0), 25 μmol/L ALA supplementation (P1), and 50 μmol/L ALA supplementation (P2). SOD and 8-OHdG levels were measured using the ELISA method. SOD levels in group P0 were 1.41±0.40 pg/mL, group P1 were 2.04±0.50 pg/mL, and group P2 were 3.65±1.20 pg/mL. Data on 8-OHdG levels in the P0 group was 51.17±27.58 pg/mL, the P1 group was 11.21±5.98 pg/mL, and the P2 group was 12.66±6.01 pg/mL. Results: The P1 group could not significantly increase the SOD level of the P0 group (p>0.05), while the P2 group could significantly increase the SOD level of the P0 group (p<0.05). Data on 8-OHdG levels in the P1 and P2 groups decreased significantly when compared to the P0 group (p<0.05). Conclusion: ALA supplementation at a dose of 50 µmol/L in goat oocyte In Vitro maturation media can increase SOD levels and reduce 8-OHdG levels.

Effects of antioxidant alfa-lipolic acid on polyphenol oxidase activity of acitretin- methotrexate combination in rat spleen tissue

Objectives: Acitretin, a lipophilic weak acid, is a slightly water-soluble vitamin A analog. Methotrexate is a folic acid analogue and an antimetabolite used for the treatment of many diseases.. Alpha lipoic acid is a nutritional coenzyme with important physiological effects in protein, fat and carbohydrate metabolism. Polyphenol oxidase is an oxidoreductase containing copper in its active site and oxidizes phenolic compounds. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of Alpha lipoic acid on the polyphenol oxidase enzyme activity in the spleen tissue in removing the damage caused by the free radicals produced by Acitretin and Methotrexate at the cellular level. Materials and Methods: Study groups were formed as Control , Alpha lipoic acid , Acitretin+Methotrexate and Acitretin+Methotrexate+Alpha lipoic acid groups. Rats who were starved for 24 hours were injected at the every morning. Acitretin, Methotrexate and Alpha Lipoic Acid were dissolved in 0.9% NaCl and given to rats by intraperitoneal injection. Rats were sacrificed by cervical dislocation on the 7th day after injection. After perfusion of the heart, the spleen was removed. Extracted spleen tissue samples were used for polyphenol oxidase enzyme activity determination. Results: Results: Compared with groups Control; While 18% inhibition was observed in the Alpha lipoic acid group, 20% inhibition was observed in the Acitretin + Methotrexate group. When Alpha lipoic acid was added to the Acitretin + Methotrexate group, while 19% activation was observed according to Control, 1% activation was observed compared to the Acitretin+Methotrexate group. Although there were differences between the groups, these differences were not statistically significant. Conclusion: The inhibition of PPO enzyme activity by ALA can be explained by the fact that while ALA alone acts as a radical scavenger that can regenerate substances with antioxidant properties in the spleen tissue, when given in combination, it acts as an antioxidant that triggers PPO activity.

The effects of alpha lipoic acid (ALA) supplementation on blood pressure in adults: a GRADE-assessed systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

There have been various clinical studies on the effect of Alpha lipoic acid (ALA) supplementation on blood pressure (BP), but the findings from these are contradictory. Therefore, we performed a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis to summarize the relation of ALA supplementation and systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in adults. A comprehensive search was conducted in Medline (PubMed), Embase, Scopus, and ProQuest up to July 2023. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the effect of ALA on SBP and DBP were included. The pooled weighted mean difference (WMD) of included trials was estimated using a random-effects model. The dose-dependent effect was also assessed. A total of 11 RCTs with the participation of 674 patients were included. The result of the meta-analysis indicated that using ALA supplementation significantly reduced the SBP (WMD = -5.46 mmHg; 95% CI: -9.27, -1.65; p < 0.001) and DBP (WMD = -3.36 mmHg, 95% CI: -4.99, -1.74; p < 0.001). The ALA administrations significantly reduced SBP and DBP at the dosages of <800 mg/day, when administered for ≤12 weeks. The present meta-analysis revealed that ALA supplementation could exert favorable effects on SBP and DBP. Further well-designed studies with larger samples are needed to ascertain the long-term effects of ALA on BP. https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=447658, identifier PROSPERO: CRD42023447658.

The Effect of Alpha Lipoic Acid on Pathogenesis of Experimental Nephrolithiasis and Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition

In this study, the effects of calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystal formation on the kidneys and the effect of alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) on this process were investigated in rats. The study consists of 6 groups with 10 rats in each group. Ethylene glycol (EG) and ammonium chloride (AC) (0.75% EG + 0.75% AC) were added to the drinking water of different groups for 7 or 14 days to induce nephrolithiasis. The effects of the CaOx on the kidneys and ALA (100 mg/kg/day/orally) on this process were investigated via histopathological, immunohistochemical, and biochemical methods. In the histopathological examination, EG+AC application for both 7 and 14 days caused crystal accumulation in the tubule lumens, cystically dilated tubules, and hydropic degeneration in the tubular epithelium. However, inflammatory cell infiltration was observed merely in 14 days. In the immunohistochemical examination, when EG+AC administration was applied for 14 days only, it caused expression of ED1, alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and vimentin in the tubulointerstitial areas. However, α-SMA and vimentin expression was not observed in tubular epithelial cells. Transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1) expression was also detected in the tubular epithelium and intertubular cells at 14 days. It was determined that ALA administration with EG+AC application reduced the crystal accumulation in the tubule lumens (p&lt;0.001), the degeneration of the tubular epithelium (p&lt;0.001), and the expression of TGF-β1. In addition, it was detected that ALA caused an increase in glutathione peroxidase (GPx) (p&lt;0.001) and Catalase (CAT) (p&gt;0.05) activities, which decreased with EG+AC application.

Effect of alpha lipoic acid on epithelial mesenchymal transition in SKOV-3 cells

BackgroundOvarian cancer is the fifth leading cause of cancer-related death in women. Patients are usually diagnosed with advanced tumor metastass. Epithelial over cancer cells spread from primary tumor by undergoing epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT). It has been suggested that alpha lipoic acid (ALA), a natural antioxidant lipophilic compound, reduces the oxidative stress by causing apoptosis and inhibition of proliferation of cell in cancer cells. The aim of our study was to establish a transforming growth factor β1 (TGF β1) dependent epithelial mesenchymal transition model in the SKOV-3 ovarian adenocarcinoma cell line which is an epithelial subtype of ovarian cancer and to investigate the effects of alpha lipoic acid on EMT and ovarian cancer migration. MethodsFor establish an EMT model, SKOV-3 cells were treated with different dose of TGF β1 and XTT cell viability kit was used to find IC 50 dose of ALA. Four different groups that are control, TGF β1, ALA and ALA + TGF β1 were created. Changes in the expression of genes related to EMT markers that are E-cadherin, vimentin, Snail, Slug, Twist and Zeb were analyzed with quantitative real-time PCR. These proteins were determined with the immunocytochemistry method. The migration capacity was analyzed with wound healing assay. Matrigel invasion capacity test was used to show invasion and colonization test to show colonization. ResultsThe dose of TGF β1 was determined 100 ng/ml at 72 h, the IC50 dose of ALA 219.033 µM at 48 h was determined. EMT markers in the TGF β1 group were compatible with EMT and it was shown to inhibit EMT in the groups given ALA. According to wound healing, colonization and invasion experiments, proliferation and invasion increased in TGF β1 group, but decreased in ALA and combined groups (p < 0.05). ConclusionThese results indicate that ALA suppresses the metastasis of ovarian cancer cells by regulating EMT, implying that ALA might be a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of ovarian cancer.

Alpha lipoic acid improves memory and antioxidant enzymes activity in diabetic Wistar rats

Diabetes mellitus (DM) and oxidative stress are among the leading causes of memory loss and dementia. Dietary supplements have been used to manage many disorders. This research aimed to determine the effect of alpha lipoic acid (ALA) on memory and oxidative stress in diabetic Wistar rats. 30 rats were grouped into six (5 in each). Diabetes was induced using a high-fat diet followed by a single low dose of streptozotocin (40 mg/kg) intraperitoneally. Group I served as normoglycemic control (1 mL/kg normal saline), while groups II, III, IV, V, and VI were diabetic and received 1 mL/kg at normal saline, glibenclamide at 1 mg/kg, ALA at 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg respectively for 21 days. Blood glucose level was determined before and after treatment. Long-term and recognition memory were determined using novel object recognition tasks (NORT). Brain tissues were used for antioxidant enzymes. The result obtained showed that at 400 mg/kg after 21 days of administration of ALA, long-term memory and recognition ability were increased significantly (45.65±3.43s and 83.77±1.49%) compared to the diabetic control (26.24 ± 3.81s and 65.09 ± 2.52%) respectively. Antioxidant enzymes’ levels were increased significantly in the group VI including catalase (1.76±0.02 IU/mg) superoxide dismutase (1.02±0.71 IU/mg) and reduced glutathione (91.08±3.49 µg/mL) compared to the diabetic control group (0.84±0.03 IU/mg, 0.49±0.03 IU/mg and 51.64±0.87 µg/mL) respectively. The findings suggest that ALA has antioxidant activity and improves memory in diabetic Wistar rats.

Comparison of the effects of alpha lipoic acid and dexpanthenol in an experimental tracheal reconstruction animal model.

To investigate the positive effects of intraperitoneal administration of alpha-lipolic acid (ALA) and dexpanthenol (DXP) on wound healing after tracheal surgery in rats. The study was carried out at Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey, from January 2014-2019. A total of 30 healthy and adult Sprague-Dawley type female rats were included in the study. For the experiment, rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: ALA group (n=10), DXP group (n=10), and control group (n=10). After trachea surgery, 100mg/kg/day ALA was given to group ALA and 100mg/kg/day intraperitoneal DXP to group DXP for 15 days, and the rats were sacrificed on the 21st day. The excised tracheal sections were evaluated and graded for inflammatory cell infiltration, angiogenesis, fibroblast proliferation, collagen deposition, and epithelial regeneration to evaluate wound healing. Inflammation was found to be less in both the ALA and DXP groups. With the Mann-Whitney test, it was determined that inflammation was less in the ALA group than in the DXP group (C-D [p=0.097] and C-A [p=0.024]). On the other hand, no statistically significant difference was found in epithelial regeneration (p=0.574; >0.05), angiogenesis (p=0.174; >0.05), fibroblast proliferation, and collagen deposition (p=0.102; >0.05). Alpha-lipolic acid injected intravenously after tracheal reconstruction in patients can prevent restenosis by reducing inflammation without adversely affecting wound healing.

Alpha lipoic acid improved blood glucose level and lipid profile in type-2 diabetic Wistar rats

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common metabolic disorders that is associated with many complications such as dyslipidemia and cardiovascular disease. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of alpha lipoic acid (ALA) on blood glucose levels and lipid profile in type-2 diabetic male Wistar rats. Thirty (30) Wistar rats weighing between 200 – 250 grams were distributed into six groups of five each (n=5). Diabetes was induced using a high-fat diet for eight weeks with a single low dose of streptozotocin (40 mg/kg) intraperitoneally at the end of the sixth week. Group I served as normoglycemic control and received 1 ml/kg normal saline; groups II, III, IV, V, and VI were diabetic and received 1 ml/kg normal saline; glibenclamide 1 mg/kg; ALA 100 mg/kg, ALA 200 mg/kg and ALA 400 mg/kg; respectively. All administrations were done orally for a duration of 21 days. Blood glucose level was determined using the glucose oxidase method. Serum was collected for lipid profile determination. The results obtained from this study showed that ALA across all doses (100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, and 400 mg/kg) decreased significantly (p &lt; 0.05) the fasting blood glucose level (10.02 ± 0.71 mmol/L, 8.78 ± 0.94 mmol/L and 8.6 ± 0.68 mmol/L, respectively) when compared to the diabetic control group (20.06 ± 0.70 mmol/L). Lipid profiles were improved with HDL- and LDL- cholesterols increasing and decreasing significantly (42.60 ± 1.66 mg/dL and 1.12 ± 3.68 mg/dL) in the 400 mg/kg ALA group compared to the diabetic untreated group (37.00 ± 2.55 mg/dL and 26.31 ± 2.95 mg/dL, respectively). Therefore, the study demonstrated that ALA has both antihyperglycemic and antilipidemic in type-2 diabetic Wistar rats.

Synergistic antihyperglycemic effect of alpha lipoic acid with antidiabetic agents in the normoglycemic and streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetic rats

The current study's main goal was to assess the supplementation effect of alpha lipoic acid with antidiabetic medications (metformin and sitagliptin) on normal and streptozotocin-induced blood glucose levels in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. For this purpose, forty-two rats were randomly divided into two groups: normal control (n = 6) and diabetic (n = 36) groups, which were submitted to the following treatments: A: normal rats; B: diabetic rats; C: diabetic rats with sitagliptin (1 mg/kg); D: diabetic rats with metformin (10 mg/kg); E: diabetic rats with alpha lipoic acid (10 mg/kg); F: diabetic rats with a combination of alpha lipoic acid and sitagliptin; G: diabetic rats with a combination of alpha lipoic acid and metformin. The glycemia of these animals was monitored weekly; the use of alpha lipoic acid resulted in a significant decrease in glycemic levels. Combining alpha lipoic acid with either metformin or sitagliptin is most effective for reducing blood glucose levels in animals with acute and chronic hyperglycemia, even at different treatment times. Thus, associated with either metformin or sitagliptin, alpha lipoic acid improved their anti-diabetic effects.

Effect of Alpha-Lipoic Acid on Aluminium Induced Toxicity in the Prefrontal Cortex and Hippocampus of Wistar Rats

The aim of the present study was to determine the protective effect of Alpha lipoic acid (ALA) on Aluminum chloride (AlCl3) induced cerebral and hippocampal toxicity in Wistar rat. The experimental design involved 5 groups of 5 rats that were treated with saline, Aluminum chloride and/or Alphalipoic acid; for 2 weeks. At the end of the treatment phase, Morris water maze test was conducted to estimate the spatial memory function before the animals were euthanized and the Prefrontal cortex (PFC) and Hippocampus tissues evaluated. The behavioral studies showed that AlCl3 induces significant decline in spatial memory which was corroborated with histological features of loss of neural density and necrosis of pyramidal cells. Co-exposure of Aluminum with Alpha-lipoic acid was associated with sparing of spatial memory with maintenance of brain structure. The findings from the present study confirms that the structural and functional neurotoxicity of Aluminium can be ameliorated with the concomitant usage of Alpha-lipoic acid during the Aluminum exposure.