Adverse Effects Of Environmental Factors Research Articles

The role of nanoparticles of industrial aerosols in the formation of occupational bronchopulmonary pathology

The significant prevalence of industrial aerosols with unintentional nanoparticles and the increasing use of engineering nanoparticles in modern production determine the relevance of research on the patterns of interaction with the human bronchopulmonary system. Unintentional nanoparticles are formed during various production processes: melting and welding of metals, combustion, crushing, grinding of minerals, plasma processing of materials. Engineering nanoparticles are released into the air of the work area during their production or use in any technological processes.
 The respiratory system, as a barrier organ, is most vulnerable to the effects of adverse environmental factors. At the same time, nanoparticles are the least studied component of industrial aerosols. In order to systematize data on the role of nanoparticles in the development of occupational bronchopulmonary pathology, the authors conducted a literature review.
 The size determines the features of the physical, chemical and biological properties of nanoparticles. They have high values of the ratio of surface area to volume, total surface area, which leads to an increase in reactogenicity and penetrating power. The pathogenic properties of nanoparticles depend on the chemical composition, shape, curvature of the surface, structure, charge, mass concentration, total surface area of the particles, and exposure time.
 The multidimensionality of hygienic characteristics determines the complexity of hygienic rationing and monitoring of nanoparticles. To date, safe exposure levels have not been established. When interacting with cells of the respiratory tract, nanoparticles induce the following cellular and molecular mechanisms: oxidative stress, inflammation, violation of the epithelial barrier, autophagy and dysfunction of lysosomes, stress of the endoplasmic reticulum, apoptosis, senescence, fibrosis, endothelial dysfunction, DNA damage. This leads to the development of interstitial pneumonitis, pulmonary fibrosis and obstructive disorders, and an increase in the activity of allergic inflammation. All these mechanisms are present in the pathogenesis of occupational lung diseases. Under the influence of nanoparticles of various chemical compositions, separate phenotypes of occupational chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are formed. There is a lack of epidemiological studies of the possible etiological role of nanoparticles. Nanoparticles of industrial aerosols are a significant factor in the development of occupational diseases of the bronchopulmonary system and have a significant impact on the formation 
 of phenotypes.

Evaluation of effectiveness of the diets developed for children with allergical pathology living in conditions of adverse environmental exposures

Introduction. Nutrition is one of the important preventive measures aimed at enhancing body resistance to adverse effects of environmental factors. Nutrition modelling taking into account its basic quality and environmental exposures is of particular importance for effective management of risks for the disease.
 Our objective was to assess the effectiveness of the diets specially developed for children with allergies environmentally exposed to industrial pollutants.
 Materials and methods. We examined cytomorphological features, nutritional status, general health status, and skin manifestations in eighty 3 to 6-year children suffering from allergies and sensitized to food products.
 Results. A hypoallergenic elimination and detoxification diet specially developed with account for food intolerance, immune status, protein, energy and micronutrient sufficiency, genomic status, mental and physical health of the preschoolers with allergies led to a 1.5-fold decrease in the number of underweight children and 
 a threefold average drop in blood levels of lead, aluminum, arsenic, copper, and cadmium. The mean number of children with clinical manifestations of food intolerance demonstrated the 1.6-fold decline, the level of sIgA increased, while cytogenetic abnormalities in buccal epithelium decreased by 2.1 times.
 Limitations. A limitation of the study was the lack of compliance of parents with recommendations for nutritional support.
 Conclusions. The applied method of modelling the diet using dietary techniques based on basic nutrition data, toxic exposures, genetics, anthropometric, clinical, and immunological indicators has had a beneficial effect on all assessed health parameters in children with allergies living in a large industrial city.

Use of Biological Monitoring to Assess Health Damage from Environmental Pollution with Metals

Introduction: The government system of public health monitoring was created in order to eliminate adverse health effects of environmental factors in humans. The use of human biological specimens as markers of effect of environmental pollution makes it possible to assess the dynamics of concentrations and levels of exposure to priority metals, to identify territories with the highest and lowest levels of priority metals, and to predict both negative and positive changes in response of critical organs and systems based on trend analysis. Objective: To develop a biomonitoring algorithm to improve objectivity of assessing human health damage caused by environmental pollution with metals. Materials and methods: Concentrations of metals in human biological specimens were measured by atomic absorption spectrometry. Cause-and-effect relationships were established by mathematical modeling of the relationship between the dose of exposure at its various pathways and metal concentrations in human blood, urine, hair and nail specimens. Results: We propose a biological monitoring program, which includes determination of territories of the highest potential risk of health damage causes by priority metals, of exposure zones and monitoring points spatially linked to economic entities classified as those posing extremely high and high potential human health risks, of the size of population at risk and particular risk groups, as well as substantiation of priority metals of natural and man-made origin, media and pathways of exposure based on the results of proven causal relationships in the system “exposure – marker of exposure – marker of effect”, the study and dynamic assessment priority metal concentrations in biological specimens of individuals at risk. The detection of increased levels of metals in biological specimens may indicate that the environmental pollution is dangerous to human health and requires managerial decision making as a means of managing health risks and eliminating health damage manifested by diseases associated with metal exposure. Conclusion: The suggested algorithm of biological monitoring, aimed at establishing and eliminating adverse effects of environmental factors in humans will contribute to the development of the public health monitoring system in terms of determining and specifying priority territories, zones, control points, and relevant indicators for inclusion in monitoring programs. The results of biological monitoring of metals can be included in the substantiating materials of expert opinions, used in justifying the prosecution of persons guilty of pollution of the environment with metals due to proven violations of mandatory sanitary and epidemiological requirements by economic entities that caused harm to public health, in justifying and evaluating the effectiveness of sanitary, hygienic, and preventive measures.

Influence of environmental factors on facial pigmented spots: Epidemiological survey of women living in the northern and southern regions of Japan.

Several epidemiological studies have been conducted to understand the relationship between environmental factors (including chronic sun exposure) and clinical signs of pigmented spots. However, no quantitative analysis has focused on the adverse effects of the detailed features of pigmented spots, including their color intensity, size, and number on the cheek. This study was performed to elucidate the adverse effects of environmental factors on clinical signs of pigmented spots. We conducted an epidemiological survey of 102 Japanese women in 2 regions of high and low sun exposure (southern and northern regions, respectively). Using image analysis of high-resolution digital facial photographs, individual pigmented spots were quantified according to color, size, and total number on the cheek. Each indicator was then compared between the groups. For the number of pigmented spots on the cheek, the age-related increase curve showed a large slope in the southern group. For the size of pigmented spots, no significant difference was found between the two groups, and large pigmented spots were observed on the cheek even in the northern group. For the color intensity of the spots, the southern group showed a marked age-related change; among older subjects, the pigmented spots were significantly darker in the southern than northern group. Our results may indicate that environmental factors, including chronic exposure to sunlight, mainly increase the number of pigmented spots and darkening of these spots. However, the occurrence of large pigmented spots may be related to intrinsic factors represented by heredity rather than environmental factors.

РОСТ ТЕЛОК ЧЕРНО-ПЕСТРОЙ ПОРОДЫ В ЗАВИСИМОСТИ ОТ СПОСОБА ВЫРАЩИВАНИЯ

Studies have been conducted, the direction to study the growth of calves of a black-and-white breed, depending on the methods of cultivation. For the first time, individual cages were used on the farm to raise calves in a cold room. The calves were kept in individual cages from birth until the age of 3 months, then the calves were transferred to group maintenance. Raising calves in individual cages helps to increase the safety and growth of young animals. Allows to avoid to some extent contacts with conditionally pathogenic microflora, helps to increase the body's resistance to the effects of adverse environmental factors, reduce morbidity by 10%, increase the average daily gain by 22%, live weight by 6.1% in comparison with animals contained in the group method. With age, the difference in the indicators of the live weight of heifers became more and more distinct. Heifers of the individual method of cultivation at the age of 2 months outnumbered heifers of the group method of cultivation by 4.13 kg, or 5.3%, at the age of 6 months – by 9.95 kg, or 6.2%, and at the age of 12 months by 18.6 kg, or 6.4%. It is characteristic that heifers grown during the dairy period in individual cells retain an increased growth rate in subsequent age periods.

Association Between Childhood Exposure to Pet Cats and Later Diagnosis of Schizophrenia: A Case-Control Study in Saudi Arabia.

There is an increasing number of reports suggesting an effect of adverse environmental factors during vulnerable periods of prenatal and perinatal development in the etiology of schizophrenia. Cat-transmitted infections, especially Toxoplasma gondii, are possible risk factors for the later development of schizophrenia. We conducted a case-control study to examine childhood cat ownership in 78 patients with schizophrenia (cases), 78 outpatients with depression and anxiety disorders (control group one), and 78 outpatients with no psychiatric history (control group two). Cat ownership before the age of 13 was reported by 52.6%, 44.9%, and 24.4% of patients in cases, control group one, and control group two, respectively. Compared with non-psychiatric patients, patients with schizophrenia were 3.4 times more likely to report owning cats in their childhood (odds ratio (OR)=3.441; p=0.000; 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.740-6.804). Compared with both control groups, the likelihood of owning a cat as a child was 2.1 times more among cases (OR=2.093; p=0.008; 95% CI=1.203-3.640). Age, female gender, and family history appeared to be positively associated with cat ownership and schizophrenia. This study supports the evidence of a relationship between childhood exposure to pet cats and the later development of schizophrenia. Further in-depth research is needed to clarify the relationship between exposure to pet catsin childhood and later diagnosis of schizophrenia, adjusting for potential confounders.

New aspects of the production of fergated dairy products with probiotic properties

The life of a modern person depends on such adverse factors as environmental pollution, man-made disasters, stressful situations, lack of good nutrition. All this leads to a decrease in immunity, impaired digestion, an increase in the number of people suffering from allergies, diabetes and other diseases that are associated with impaired metabolic processes in the human body. For the normal functioning of the body and ensuring the active life of a person, it is necessary to provide full-fledged balanced foods. Therefore, a balanced and healthy diet is an important condition for optimal physical and mental development of a person, maintaining his long-term performance, increasing the body's ability to withstand the effects of adverse environmental factors. The development of new functional health-improving products capable of improving human health, prolonging its working capacity and the duration of a full life, is one of the topical directions in the development of food science in Ukraine and the world. Particular attention is paid to the issue of improving the intestinal microflora, which plays an important role in restoring disturbed metabolic processes in the body and improving human health. The main requirements of such food products are based on the use of natural raw materials with a high content of biologically active and physiologically necessary substances, such as vitamins, minerals, dietary fiber, phenolic compounds, and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Therefore, a promising direction in the creation of sour-milk fermented products is the development of complex starter cultures based on consortiums of probiotic bacteria of various taxonomic groups, which are more resistant to adverse environmental factors and have higher activity compared to starter cultures made using pure monocultures. The purpose of this work is the scientific substantiation of the production of sour-milk fermented dessert products of functional purpose, enriched with bifidobacteria, dietary fiber, biologically and physiologically active substances of prebiotics of plant and animal origin. The subject is probiotics, prebiotics, dessert fermented functional products.

A novel solution for addressing the problem of soiling and improving performance of PV solar systems

The adoption of photovoltaic (PV) solar technology for power generation is one of the fastest growing sources of renewable energy. In recent years, significant cost reductions of PV modules and rising global demand for energy have been key drivers of the solar industry’s exponential growth. While the majority of research into improving efficiency of solar systems has focused on increasing power output, adverse effects of environmental factors on system performance have largely been neglected. The accumulation of dirt on panel surfaces, known as soiling, can significantly reduce the power generated by PV systems due to blocking the Sun’s irradiation from PV cells. Despite drawbacks associated with mitigating soiling, including wasteful water consumption and the risk of panel damage, such strategies must be implemented in order to maintain system performance and reduce financial losses. This report proposes a new innovation to address the problem of soiling, designed by Kirchner Solar Group, by inverting panels at night and using of natural condensation to remove dirt settlement without causing abrasion to panel surfaces. Known as ‘NightFlip’, this solution has been designed to be an intrinsic, self-cleaning feature that reduces the impact of soiling without using water. A prototype was built to evaluate the real-world performance of the system. Data was recorded for the prototype when operating alongside a standard system, and the extent to which system performance was improved is analyzed.

Technologies for assessing the psycho-emotional state of athletes during physical development

According to modern concepts, a child's health is a state of life that corresponds to his biological age, harmonious physical development, the formation of adaptive and compensatory reactions in the process of growth, development and interaction with the environment. It is important to note that the child population is most sensitive to the effects of adverse environmental factors.

Effects of adverse environmental factors on fruit set in a peach and apricot cultivar evaluation orchard

Effects of adverse environmental factors on fruit set in a peach and apricot cultivar evaluation orchard

Inflammatory response and its correction in forming a host response to exposure to adverse environmental factors

This study systematically review knowledge about the mechanisms of formation of an inflammatory reaction under the influence of biological, physical, and chemical factors, their similarities and differences, and possible methods of pharmacological correction of pathological conditions associated with excessive activation. The effect of adverse environmental factors, such as biological, physical, and chemical factors, causes a systemic response, which is aimed at maintaining homeostasis and is caused, among other things, by a coordinated reaction of the immune system. Phlogogenic agents result in the activation and regulation of the inflammatory response, which is formed by cellular and humoral components of innate immunity. The activation of innate immunity is characterized by a rapid host response, which diminishes following the elimination of foreign invaders, endogenous killer cells, and neogenesis. Depending on the nature of the active factors (biopathogens, allergens, toxins, ionizing radiation, etc.), the mechanisms of immune response arousal have unique features mainly originating from the differences in the recognition of specific molecular patterns and danger signals by different receptors. However, inflammatory mediators and inflammatory response patterns at the systemic level are largely similar even under widely different triggers. Inflammation, having evolved as an adaptive reaction directed at the immune response, can lead to the development of chronic inflammation and autoimmune diseases due to a mismatch in mechanisms of its control. A failure in the regulation of the inflammatory process is the excessive activation of the immune system, which leads to the cytokine release syndrome (hypercytokinemia, or cytokine storm) and can cause self-damage (destruction) of tissues, multiple-organ failure, sepsis, and even death. Modern advances in the study of the pathogenetic bases of the inflammatory response are suggested, such as pharmacological correction using pattern recognition receptor antagonists, pro-inflammatory cytokine inhibitors, or blocking of key control genes or signaling pathways.

On the use of integral indicators of the functional state of the children’s body as criteria for realizing the risk of adverse effects of environmental factors

Special attention is always paid to the health of children associated with the influence of environmental factors in scientific research. This is due to the fact that environmental factors play an important role in determining the health and well-being of children. Of particular importance is the search for informative integral indicators that characterize the impact of various degrees of anthropogenic load on the health of the child population. The article presents the results of a study of integral indicators of the health status of 315 children aged 4–6 years living in the territory with a high (group 1) and low (group 2) level of anthropogenic load, such as the stability of the nervous reaction, the stress index of regulatory systems, the index of vegetative equilibrium, the vegetative rhythm indicator, the indicator of the adequacy of regulatory processes. The obtained data indicate that a high level of anthropogenic load has an adverse effect on the integral indicators of the functional state of the central nervous, autonomic and cardiovascular systems. This is characterized by a decrease in the stability index of the nervous reaction, an increase in the sympathetic activity of the central nervous system, depletion of the central regulatory circuits due to prolonged activation of non-economic mechanisms for regulating the high tone of the sympathetic nervous system. At the same time, the adverse effects increase with an increase in the age of children from 4 to 6 years old living in an area with a high level of anthropogenic load. The established facts of changes in integral indicators represent a scientific justification for the use of these indicators in the development of mathematical models for managing risks to children’s health under the influence of anthropogenic factors.

Physical Medicine and Medical Rehabilitation in “Restorative” Ophthalmology: Historical Stages and Development Prospects

An overview of the historical stages of “restorative ophthalmology” is presented, taking into account the main directions of the concept of “Wellness of Healthy Eyes” in order to prevent and correct asthenopia in patients with visually strenuous work, based on a three-level system of prevention and correction of functional visual disorders. The first level is aimed at increasing the patient’s awareness of issues of vision protection and hygiene. The second level is aimed at reducing the adverse effects of environmental factors on the state of vision. The third level is realized in the form of methods of specific and nonspecific stimulation of the organ of vision. The urgency of considering a new scientific problem in ophthalmology related to the development of the concept of diagnostics and assessment of the therapeutic measures effectiveness from the standpoint of modern requirements for medical rehabilitation has been substantiated. It is proposed that a practical solution to this problem should be carried out through the development of qualificatory signs of the international classification of functioning, adequate questionnaires for assessing the “quality of life” in actual eye pathology (asthenopia,cataract), as well as an assessment of traditional (conservative, surgical) treatment from the standpoint of modern basic characteristics of medical rehabilitation (rehabilitation goal, rehabilitation diagnosis, rehabilitation prognosis, etc.). Conclusion. The most important task of medical focus is to preserve the functional state of the human operator’s visual analyzer at a level that allows performing professional activities with the required reliability and quality indicators.

Analysis of the diet and food structure of the daily diet of children aged 3-17 years in the Russian Federation

A healthy diet is a necessary condition for the normal physical and mental development of children, which has a significant impact on the ability to withstand the effects of adverse environmental factors and determines the health of future generations. Healthy nutrition of children and adolescents is important not only for the normal physical and mental development of the child, but also as a factor determining the health of future generations. It is important for the preservation of the child's health to have a proper diet, that is, the distribution of the amount of food during the day (the multiplicity of meals), its energy value, chemical composition, food set for individual meals, a certain time of intake and the duration of intervals between meals. The aim of the study - to analyze the diet, nutrient and energy consumption and the structure of the food set of various meals in children aged 3-17 years. Material and methods. Analysis of the actual nutrition of about 18 000 children on the basis of primary materials obtained by the Federal State Statistics Service during the Selective observation of the diets of the population. Results. An analysis of nutrition of children aged 3-17 showed that the majority of children (67.9%) had three main meals with a hot meal (breakfast, lunch, dinner), while they accounted for the largest amounts of energy consumption in all age groups. Supplementary meals (evening snack and second breakfast) were characterized by the lowest calorie value, the afternoon snack occupied an intermediate position in terms of energy consumption. At the same time, energy consumption with the main meals as a % of the daily calorie intake did not correspond to the recommended values. A shift in energy consumption to the second half of the day, including just before bedtime, was revealed, especially in older children, which is a bad eating habit that can contribute to weight gain in a child. Bread products, cereals and cereal dishes made the greatest contribution to the daily calorie intake of children of all ages (32.4- 33.0%). Meat products occupied the second position in the share of daily calorie content (12.8-21.2%), dairy products provided 9.5-14.0% of daily energy, and among preschoolers their consumption, in contrast to meat products, was the highest, and among older schoolchildren - the lowest. An additional 8.3 to 14.9% of energy came from sugars found in non-dairy drinks, confectionery, chocolate, jams, and other sweets. Conclusion. An analysis of the diet and food structure of the daily ration of children aged 3-17 revealed deviations from the principles of healthy eating, especially in schoolchildren: energy consumption with the main meals did not meet the recommended norms, a significant proportion of the calorie intake fell on the second half of the day. Differences in the contribution of meals, as well as individual foods and dishes, to the total daily calorie value of diets in children, depending on age, have been established.

ДИНАМИКА ГОРМОНАЛЬНОГО СТАТУСА МОЛОДНЯКА СИММЕНТАЛЬСКОЙ ПОРОДЫ В УСЛОВИЯХ РАЗЛИЧНЫХ СИСТЕМ СОДЕРЖАНИЯ

The work is devoted to the study of the dynamics of the hormonal status of young cattle depending on the housing system. In this regard, the functional activity of the endocrine glands was studied: the adrenal cortex, pancreas, thyroid and genital glands. The content of cortisol, insulin, testosterone, thyroxine in the blood serum was determined during the periods: immediately after birth, at the daily age, after reaching 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12 and 18 months. It was found that the cortisol content in the blood of newborn calves (148.6–152.7 nmol/l) was the maximum. By the end of the first day, the level of this hormone decreased by an average of 7.07–17.62%. By 18 months, the cortisol content was in the range of 32.3–39.3 nmol/l. The bulls of the control group were more susceptible to the effect of adverse environmental factors. The highest level of thyroxine (169.2–173.4 nmol/l) was at birth. In subsequent periods, the thyroxine content decreased. Activation of the thyroid gland was noted at the age of 8 and 12 months. This is due to the period of puberty. The maximum values of insulin concentration in the blood were noted in daily bulls (1.28–1.83 mmol/l). Thus, in the control group, the insulin level increased by 38.64% compared to the data at birth, in groups 2 and 3, respectively, by 31.49 and 22.48%. At the age of one month, the level of pancreatic hormone, compared with baseline data, increased by an average of 3.87–5.30%, at the age of two months – by 2.27–8.66%. In subsequent age periods, the concentration of this hormone changed slightly. Relatively low testosterone levels were recorded in the first six months (0.47–1.32 nmol/l). At the age of 6, 8 and 12 months, the testosterone content increased to 2.97–3.34, 3.78–4.29 and 9.84–12.15 nmol/l, respectively. The highest testosterone content was found at the age of 18 months (13.24–15.48 nmol/l).

Dysfunction of the mucous membrane in the pathogenesis of chronic diseases of the nasal cavity

Performing not only respiratory, but also protective, olfactory, aesthetic and a number of other functions, the nose is an important part of the upper respiratory tract. The mucous membrane of the nasal cavity is the first protective barrier of the body that protects against the effects of adverse environmental factors, carrying out warming, purification and neutralization of the inhaled air. This mission is provided by the activity of the multilayered columnar ciliated epithelium, consisting of three main types of cells: ciliate, goblet and basal. The main protective mechanism in the nasal cavity is mucociliary clearance, carried out by means of nasal mucus and beating of cilia unidirectional towards the nasopharynx with a frequency of up to 1000 per minute. Violation of the integrity and disruption of the physiological functions of the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity leads to the development of pathological processes, which in turn can lead to a failure in the work of other organs and systems of the body. To date, about 16-18% of all diseases of the ENT organs are chronic forms of rhinitis. According to the ICAR classification, which is based on the pathophysiological mechanisms of the development of rhinitis, allergic and non-allergic forms are distinguished. Common to various forms is the effect of certain factors on the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity and, as a consequence, a violation of the mechanisms of its work.One of the forms of chronic rhinitis, caused by thinning of the mucous membrane and severe disorders of mucociliary transport, is atrophic rhinitis. The main symptoms of the disease are dryness, the formation of crusts in the nasal cavity, periodic bleeding. The approach to the treatment of acute and chronic processes against the background of atrophic changes in the nasal cavity should be comprehensive and aimed at restoring the physiological functions of the mucous membrane and the mechanisms of mucociliary transport.

Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in the Relationship between Type 2 Diabetes and Air Pollution.

The incidence and prevalence of type 2 diabetes have increased in the last decades and are expected to further grow in the coming years. Chronic hyperglycemia triggers free radical generation and causes increased oxidative stress, affecting a number of molecular mechanisms and cellular pathways, including the generation of advanced glycation end products, proinflammatory and procoagulant effects, induction of apoptosis, vascular smooth-muscle cell proliferation, endothelial and mitochondrial dysfunction, reduction of nitric oxide release, and activation of protein kinase C. Among type 2 diabetes determinants, many data have documented the adverse effects of environmental factors (e.g., air pollutants) through multiple exposure-induced mechanisms (e.g., systemic inflammation and oxidative stress, hypercoagulability, and endothelial and immune responses). Therefore, here we discuss the role of air pollution in oxidative stress-related damage to glycemic metabolism homeostasis, with a particular focus on its impact on health. In this context, the improvement of new advanced tools (e.g., omic techniques and the study of epigenetic changes) may provide a substantial contribution, helping in the evaluation of the individual in his biological totality, and offer a comprehensive assessment of the molecular, clinical, environmental, and epidemiological aspects.

Assessment of Functional Capacities of the Cardiorespiratory System in Young Adults

Introduction. A contemporary man lives and acts in conditions of increasing intensity and duration of synergistic effects of numerous adverse environmental factors causing a rapid depletion of his physiological reserves. It has been proven that functional indices of the cardiovascular system are a universal indicator of compensatory and adaptive activities of the organism. The purpose of the study was to assess functional capacity of the cardiorespiratory system in young people, depending on social status and level of education. Materials and methods. The study included 1,978 young people aged 18–25 years, with different social status and educational level. Functional capacities were assessed by physiometric properties and estimated indices. Results. We established that blood pressure values were significantly higher in young men compared to women and in students compared to working youth. We also found an inverse correlation between the prevalence of hypertension and the level of education of working young adults. Average group values of the Robinson index were assessed as moderate for men and good for women. Functional capacities of the cardiovascular system in students were generally lower than those among working youth. The group average of the vital capacity index in young men and women was higher and significantly higher than the average value, respectively. Statistically higher values of this index were observed among female students compared to working young women. Conclusions. Our assessment of functional capacities of the cardiorespiratory system showed that the young women had a greater ability to respond to combined effects of adverse environmental factors adequately and securely. This ability enabled them to spend their body reserves more economically and resist diseases. The energy potential of the cardiovascular system of working youth was higher than that of students. The latter, on the other hand, demonstrated higher capacities of the respiratory system. A higher level of education among working young adults was associated with better functional capacities and adaptive reserves of the circulatory system.

Assessment of Duration of Adaptation to Conditions of Learning in Cadets of Military Educational Institutions

Introduction. It is relevant to determine periods of adaptation of local and non-resident students coming from other Russian regions to learning conditions. The objective of our study was to measure duration of cadets’ adaptation to the learning environment as assessed by the incidence of respiratory diseases in view of synergistic effects of health risk factors in the Kaliningrad enclave. Materials and methods. We conducted a retrospective analysis of the incidence of respiratory diseases in cadets of two military universities (n = 3,381, n = 2,013) by cohorts (local and non-resident students) for five academic years in general and by year. Results. The proportion of respiratory diseases in university cadets was as high as 70.9 ± 2.0 and 52.1 ± 1.1 % in Universities 1 and 2, respectively. The share of respiratory diseases in the first and fifth-year students was 72.3 and 59.9 % in University 1,and 60.3 and 38.1 % in University 2, respectively. The respiratory disease incidence in non-resident cadets was 1.8 and 1.2 times higher than that in locals: 1,102.6 ± 6.2 versus 617.7 ± 24.5 ‰ and 477.6 ± 14.1 versus 388.2 ± 16.1 ‰ (p = 0.001) in Universities 1 and 2, respectively. We found differences in the rates of acute sinusitis, acute tonsillitis, upper respiratory tract infections and influenza, community-acquired pneumonia, and lower respiratory tract infections between local and non-resident cadets. In the second university, differences in the incidence of acute sinusitis and upper respiratory tract infections were still observed in third-year students while in the first university they were still pronounced in cadets during the fourth year of study. We suppose that they might be attributed to learning conditions, ratios of local to non-resident cadets, differences in living conditions and nutrition between the students. Conclusion. Duration of the period of adaptation of military university cadets to conditions of learning is influenced by a synergistic effect of adverse environmental factors. Adaptation of non-resident cadets lasts longer due to acclimatization to weather and climate conditions of the enclave. The incidence of respiratory diseases proves the differences in learning conditions between the universities.

Indoor Trajectory Prediction Algorithm Based on Communication Analysis of Built-In Sensors in Mobile Terminals

In recent years, application services based on indoor locations have become increasingly popular, attracting extensive research attention. Among these application services, indoor location technology based on Wi-Fi signal fingerprints has developed rapidly. However, wireless signal transmission is easily affected by the environment, which will lead to deviations in the fingerprint location of the Wi-Fi signal. To improve the location accuracy and reduce the adverse effects of environmental factors, a method of fingerprint location for Wi-Fi signals assisted by smart phone built-in sensors is proposed, that is, to use the built-in sensors such as the accelerometer and gyroscope to collect data, calculate the user’s track information and track credibility, and combine the track information and signal fingerprint information to establish a comprehensive probability model, perform position matching, and determine the nearest reference point. The experimental results show that compared with the traditional fingerprint location method of Wi-Fi signals, the user trajectory information estimated from the sensor data can be used to effectively overcome the impact of environmental changes and improve the average location accuracy.