Effect Of Adult Diet Research Articles

Effects of adult diet on the longevity, fecundity and ovarian development of the rice leaffolder, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis

Effects of adult diet on the longevity, fecundity and ovarian development of the rice leaffolder, <i>Cnaphalocrocis medinalis</i>

Effect of developmental and adult diet composition on reproductive aging in Drosophila melanogaster

Diet significantly affects reproductive outcomes across species, yet the precise effects of macronutrient compositions beyond caloric intake on reproductive aging are understudied. Existing literature presents conflicting views on the fertility impacts of nutrient-rich versus nutrient-poor developmental diets, underscoring a notable research gap. This study addresses these gaps by examining effects of isocaloric diets with varied protein-to-carbohydrate ratios during both developmental and adult stages on reproductive aging of a large, outbred Drosophila melanogaster population (n = ∼2100). Our results clearly demonstrate an age-dependent dietary impact on reproductive output, initially dominated by the developmental diet, then by a combination of developmental and adult diets in early to mid-life, and ultimately by the adult diet in later life. Importantly, we found that the effects of developmental and adult diets on reproductive output are independent, with no significant interaction. Further investigations into the mechanisms revealed that the effect of developmental diet on fecundity is regulated via ovarioles formation and vitellogenesis; while, the effect of adult diet on fecundity is mostly regulated only via vitellogenesis. These insights resolve disputes in the literature about dietary impacts on fertility and offer valuable perspectives for optimizing fertility strategies in improving public health and conservation efforts in this changing world.

Developmental Biology and Effects of Adult Diet on Consumption, Longevity, and Fecundity of Colaspis crinicornis (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae).

The chrysomelid beetle Colaspis crinicornis Schaeffer (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) occurs primarily in the Great Plains region of the United States. Little is known about the biology and ecology of this species, but over the last decade, it has become increasingly common in the corn, Zea mays L., and soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merrill, agroecosystem of southeastern Nebraska. As part of a larger comprehensive project to understand the natural history and pest potential of this species, laboratory experiments were conducted to study the developmental biology, morphological characters of immature stages, and the effect of adult diet on consumption, longevity, and fecundity. Females readily deposited egg clusters in the soil, and percentage egg hatch was high under laboratory conditions. Larvae and pupae were confirmed to be soil-dwelling stages. C. crinicornis has relatively short egg, pupal, and adult stages with the majority of its life cycle spent in the larval stage. Results of choice and no-choice adult feeding experiments indicate that diets of corn or soybean leaves did not significantly affect consumption, longevity, or fecundity of adult C. crinicornis, suggesting that corn and soybean leaves are similarly suitable food sources for adults. The ability to effectively utilize tissues from very different plant families as adult food sources suggests that C. crinicornis is polyphagous in the field.

Contributions of juvenile and adult diet to the lifetime reproductive success and lifespan of a spider

Food availability can vary widely for animals in nature and can have large effects on growth, reproduction and survival. While the consequences of food limitation for animals have been extensively studied, significant questions still remain including how ontogenetic variation in food availability contributes to lifetime reproductive success. We tested the effects of juvenile and adult food limitation on the lifetime reproductive success and lifespan of bridge spiders, Larinioides sclopetarius. Food availability was manipulated (low or high) over the entire juvenile and adult stage in a full‐factorial design and reproductive output and lifespan were measured. Juvenile and adult food limitation both reduced lifetime egg and hatchling production with effect sizes that were not significantly different from each other. Unlike some other arthropods, where juvenile food limitation reduces fecundity by reducing adult body size, body size was not affected by juvenile diet in bridge spiders. Clutch size was also significantly reduced by both juvenile and adult food limitation. The effect of adult diet on clutch size was stronger than that of juvenile diet. Juvenile and adult food limitation both extended total lifespan, and adult food limitation extended adult longevity (i.e. time from maturation to death). However, juvenile food limitation decreased adult longevity, in contrast to what would be predicted by dietary or caloric restriction. Compensatory feeding and growth are widely recognized mechanisms through which animals can ameliorate some of the negative effects of periods of food limitation. Yet our results combined with studies of a range of other species suggest that there may be lasting consequences of juvenile food limitation on lifetime reproductive success that cannot be compensated for by adult feeding in some species.

Honeydew as a source of nutrition for Lysiphlebus testaceipes (Cresson) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae): effect of adult diet on lifespan and egg load

AbstractParasitoid survival and fecundity is generally enhanced with access to carbohydrate food sources. In many agricultural ecosystems, there is often a scarcity of suitable carbohydrates for parasitoids. This study compared the suitability of aphid honeydew and buckwheat nectar as diet for the aphid parasitoid Lysiphlebus testaceipes. Wasp lifespan and egg load were both increased with access to carbohydrates, but no differences were detected between the various carbohydrates diets tested. As aphid honeydew is a sufficient source of nutrition and L. testaceipes is a short‐lived species, adding additional sources of carbohydrates like floral nectar strips to the agricultural landscape is unlikely to significantly increase the biological control exerted by L. testaceipes.

Adult nutrition and butterfly fitness: effects of diet quality on reproductive output, egg composition, and egg hatching success.

BackgroundIn the Lepidoptera it was historically believed that adult butterflies rely primarily on larval-derived nutrients for reproduction and somatic maintenance. However, recent studies highlight the complex interactions between storage reserves and adult income, and that the latter may contribute significantly to reproduction. Effects of adult diet were commonly assessed by determining the number and/or size of the eggs produced, whilst its consequences for egg composition and offspring viability were largely neglected (as is generally true for insects). We here specifically focus on these latter issues by using the fruit-feeding tropical butterfly Bicyclus anynana, which is highly dependent on adult-derived carbohydrates for reproduction.ResultsAdult diet of female B. anynana had pronounced effects on fecundity, egg composition and egg hatching success, with butterflies feeding on the complex nutrition of banana fruit performing best. Adding vitamins and minerals to a sucrose-based diet increased fecundity, but not offspring viability. All other groups (plain sucrose solution, sucrose solution enriched with lipids or yeast) had a substantially lower fecundity and egg hatching success compared to the banana group. Differences were particularly pronounced later in life, presumably indicating the depletion of essential nutrients in sucrose-fed females. Effects of adult diet on egg composition were not straightforward, indicating complex interactions among specific compounds. There was some evidence that total egg energy and water content were related to hatching success, while egg protein, lipid, glycogen and free carbohydrate content did not seem to limit successful development.ConclusionThe patterns shown here exemplify the complexity of reproductive resource allocation in B. anynana, and the need to consider egg composition and offspring viability when trying to estimate the effects of adult nutrition on fitness in this butterfly and other insects.

Effect of diet on biting, oviposition, and survival of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae).

The effect of adult diet on host biting, sugar probing and water probing patterns, oviposition behavior, and survival of Aedes aegypti (L.) from Charters Towers, Australia, were tested in the laboratory. The 7 diets were as follows: (1) starvation, (2) water, (3) 10% sugar, (4) blood, (5) blood with water supplement, (6) blood with 10% sugar supplement, and (7) blood with 3% sugar supplement. Biting, probing, oviposition, and survival observations were made every 6 h (0600-0800 hours, 1200-1400 hours, 1800-2000 hours, 2400-0200 hours). Biting frequency on the blood with 3% sugar diet (0.26 feeds per mosquito per 6 h) and the blood with 10% sugar diet (0.23 feeds per mosquito per 6 h) was significantly less than on blood (0.51 feeds per mosquito per 6 h) and 10% sugar (0.40 feeds per mosquito per 6 h) alone. Biting frequency was not significantly different between blood with water (0.47 feeds per mosquito per 6 h) and blood alone (0.51 feeds per mosquito per 6 h). Biting and oviposition occurred throughout the day, peaking between 1800 and 2000 hours and between 2000 and 2400 hours, respectively. Biting frequency with a 3% sugar supplement decreased after the 1st oviposition cycle on day 6 compared with unsupplemented biting. The presence of sugar delayed or inhibited oviposition. Females with access to blood with water bit and oviposited concurrently on days 4-6, 8-9, and 11, indicating a 3-d gonotrophic cycle. Survival on blood alone was not significantly lower than survival on sugar and water supplemented diets. Behavior of the Charters Towers strain proved to be significantly influenced by diet, and biting occurred opportunistically without regard for previously observed crepuscular or diurnal rhythms. The biting frequencies observed were the highest yet recorded for this species, which indicates that the vectorial capacity of the Australian Ae. aegypti may be underestimated severely.

Effects of Postdiapause Adult Diet and Temperature on Oogenesis of the Cabbage Seedpod Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

The effects of adult diet and temperature on oogenesis of the postdiapause cabbage seedpod weevil, Ceutorhynchus assimilis Paykull, were studied to examine the reproductive development of this important pest of rapeseed, Brassica napus L. Diets consisting of racemes with open flowers, racemes without open flowers, racemes with open flowers without stamens, stamens, sugar water (10% sucrose), and distilled water were evaluated with respect to C. assimilis oogenesis. Oogenesis, rated on a 1-3 scale, and measurements of follicle length, width, and volume, were significantly (P 0.05) differences in oogenesis (stage, follicle length, width, and volume) among weevils fed racemes of each variety over a 2-wk period. Ovariole development differed significantly (P 0.05) differences in weevil mortality among the temperature treatments over the 4-wk period of study.

The effect of adult diet on the biology of butterflies : 2. The common crow butterfly, Euploea core corinna.

Euploea core is a long lived butterfly which lays a few relatively large eggs each day. In such a species it is unlikely that reserves of carbohydrate and amino acid accumulated during the larval instars would be sufficient to last its entire adult life. Female E. core were kept in a large flight cage and assigned to one of four treatments. Each treatment comprised a different concentration of sugar and amino acid in the adult diet of the butterflies. Individuals with 25% sugar in their diet lived for longer and attained higher fecundities than those with 1% sugar in their diet. Butterflies on the 1% sugar diet removed greater volumes of food solution than those on the 25% sugar diet. The availability of amino acids in the adult diet had no marked effect on longevity and, if anything, had a negative effect on fecundity. The composition of the adult diet had no discernable effect on egg weight in this species. Sugar is shown to be an important component of the adult diet of E. core but their requirement for amino acids in their adult diet remains unresolved. Finally, using the known volume of food solution removed each day, estimates were made of the minimum amount of energy required by this species each day and the amount of energy required to produce an egg.

The effect of adult diet on the biology of butterflies : 1. The common imperial blue, Jalmenus evagoras.

This study examines the effect that sugars and amino acids in the adult diet of Jalmenus evagoras can have on female feeding behaviour, somatic maintenance, longevity, fecundity and egg weight. The presence of sugars in their adult food stimulated butterflies of this species to feed, and they appeared to compensate for low (1% wt/wt) sugar diets by feeding for longer periods. Butterflies were also more likely to feed on diets containing amino acids than on water controls. The availability of sugar allowed females to maintain or even increase their body weight and fat body size, but amino acids had no effect on these variables. Individuals on the medium (25% wt/wt) sugar diet attained the greatest longevity. Female fecundity was increased as much as threefold by the availability of sugar. However, amino acids in the diet had no effect on either longevity or fecundity. Egg weight was not affected by the concentration of sugars or amino acids in the adult diet, but was correlated with the weight of the female butterfly. These results demonstrate that the availability of carbohydrates in the adult diet could play an important role in the population dynamics of this species. However, the presence of amino acids had little effect on most of the variables measured, nor was there any interaction effect between sugars and amino acids.

Codling Moth: The Effect of Adult Diet on Longevity, Fecundity, Fertility, and Mating1

Longevity of adult Cydia pomonella (L.) was increased 6–12 days when provided water, a carbohydrate, or a carbohydrate-protein solution. However, providing these foods or the increased longevity did not significantly increase mating, oviposition, or viability of eggs. Regardless of the availability of water or food, moths laid 90% of their eggs within the 1st 5 days of life.

Effect of adult diet and mating on egg laying capacity and longevity of potato tuber moth, Phthorimaea operculella Zeller

AbstractFemale moths of Ph. operculella offered sugar solutions at concentrations of 5–20% laid relatively higher number of eggs and lived longer than those offered plain water or nothing (starved moths). The highest mean number of eggs laid by a single female and the longest life span were recorded for female moths offered 5% sugar solution. Mated females laid more eggs and moths of both sexes lived shorter than unmated ones.ZusammenfassungWirkungen der Imaginalnahrung und Kopulation auf die Eizahl und Lebensdauer der Kartoffelmotte Phthorimaea operculella ZellerDie weiblichen Motten von Ph. operculella, die mit 5‐ bis 20prozentigen Zuckerlösungen gefüttert wurden, legten mehr Eier ab und lebten länger als solche, die nur Wasser oder nichts erhielten. Die höchste mittlere Eizahl pro Weibchen und die längste Lebensdauer wurden bei Ernährung mit 5prozentiger Zuckerlösung festgestellt. Begattete Weibchen legten mehr Eier, lebten aber kürzer als unbegattete.