Effects Of Adhesion Molecules Research Articles

The effect of blood levels of heparan sulfate, VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 in combination with clinical and morphological features of the course of glomerulonephritis on the probability of achieving remission

Objective: to analyze the effect of adhesion molecules (ICAM-1, VCAM-1) and blood heparan sulfate in combination with clinical and morphological signs on the likelihood of remission in glomerulonephritis. Material and methods: 80 patients with glomerulonephritis aged 35.7±10.9 years were included. Serum levels of ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and heparan sulfate were determined in all patients by quantitative enzyme immunoassay. Puncture nephrobiopsy was performed with verification of the form of nephritis and determination of signs of TIC, TIV, glomerulosclerosis. Results: It was shown that high values of heparan sulfate and uric acid in the blood reduce the likelihood of achieving remission in glomerulonephritis. Also, high values of heparan sulfate in the blood against the background of pronounced TIC or TIV were accompanied by a decrease in the probability of remission. An increase in the level of ICAM-1 in the blood, combined with an increase in age, the level of fibrinogen in the blood, as well as an increase in the phenomena of TIC, TIV and glomerulosclerosis, reduce the likelihood of achieving remission in glomerulonephritis. It was also shown that an increase in the level of VCAM-1 in the blood against the background of an increase in the patient’s age, hyperuricemia, an increase in the phenomena of TIV, TIC and glomerulosclerosis is accompanied by a decrease in the probability of achieving remission. We have compiled nomograms for assessing the prognosis of remission development. Conclusion: the assessment of the levels of heparan sulfate, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in the blood, together with a number of clinical and morphological signs, is an important tool for predicting the effectiveness of glomerulonephritis therapy.

In situ Microrheological Determination of Neutrophil Stiffening Following Adhesion in a Model Capillary

There has been considerable debate on the relative importance of biochemical stimuli and mechanical deformation in neutrophil adhesion in lung capillaries, a process observed following bacterial infection in the body. In contrast to venules, where the vessel diameter is larger than the leukocyte diameter (6-9 microm) and the adhesion process is better understood, in lung capillaries the vessel diameter (2-8 microm) is smaller than the leukocyte diameter. In this study, a micropipette was used as a model for the alveolar capillary microcirculation, allowing the effects of adhesion molecules (ICAM-1) on cell mechanical properties to be observed while applying a mechanical deformation. The microrheology technique that tracks the thermal motion of granules within neutrophils was used to extract the local intracellular viscoelastic moduli. Small regional differences in rheology were found, with the central body region being significantly stiffer than the leading end cap region. When cells were exposed to ICAM-1, the regional differences were preserved, but the viscoelastic moduli were moderately increased in all regions. These results are consistent with the literature on leukocyte sequestration and provide insight into the regional rheological effects of deformation and adhesion molecules on neutrophils.

Effects of adhesion molecules on the behavior of osteoblast‐like cells and normal human fibroblasts on different titanium surfaces

This study examined the influences of titanium (Ti) discs with similar surface roughnesses (R(a) values), but with different topographies and chemical compositions, on the adhesion, spreading, and the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of osteoblast-like cells and normal human fibroblasts. The presence of adhesion molecules on the Ti surfaces and their effects on cell activity were also investigated. Two types of Ti discs were prepared. One kind was a mechanically polished Ti disc, and the other type was a disc obtained by the heating of hydroxyapatite (HA) dip-coated Ti. Scanning electron microscopy, optical interferometry, and scanning Auger electron spectroscopy were used to examine the surface morphology, roughness, and chemical composition, respectively, of the superficial Ti layer. The two types of Ti discs had different topographies and chemical compositions, but had similar R(a) values. The cells on both surface types had similar behaviors and ALP activities. A biological evaluation of the surface-modified Ti discs showed that the type I collagen coating was functionally active in terms of cell spreading in both types of Ti discs. In the mechanically polished Ti discs, fibronectin was functionally active in the normal human fibroblasts, but not in the osteoblast-like cells. Cell adhesion was slightly better on the heat-treated HA dip-coated Ti discs, but not on the mechanically polished Ti discs. Type I collagen and fibronectin mediated the adhesion and spreading of osteoblast-like cells through alpha2beta1 integrin and alpha5beta1 integrin, respectively. These results suggest that type I collagen might be a good candidate for the biochemical modification of Ti surfaces, particularly those surfaces obtained by heating of HA dip-coated Ti.

Role of Adhesion Molecules in Eosinophil Activation: A Comparative Study on the Effect of Adhesion Molecules on Eosinophil Survival

Adhesion molecules participate in an important part of inflammatory process in relation to the accumulation of inflammatory cells, such as eosinophils. The expression of adhesion molecules differs depending upon the cells and tissue. In the present study, to elucidate these differences, a comparative study was performed on the prolongation of eosinophil survival via adhesion molecules. Blood eosinophils were purified using Percoll and anti-CD16 antibody coated magnetic beads. Eosinophils were incubated with or without the various concentrations of adhesion molecules for 18 or 36 h. Eosinophil survival was analyzed by a flow cytometer with staining by annexin V (AV) and propidium iodide (PI). Intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1, fibronectin (FN) and cellular fibronectin (cFN), but not vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1, significantly prolonged eosinophil survival compared with control. The present comparative study for eosinophil survival showed the following tendency: cFN = FN > ICAM-1 > VCAM-1. Moreover, enhancement of prolonged eosinophil survival by connecting segment- 1 was greater than that by FN and cFN. The regulation of adhesion molecules, by not only preventing eosinophil adhesion but also eosinophil activation, may be a potential target in the treatment of allergic inflammatory disorders.