Effectiveness Of Traditional Approaches Research Articles

Комьюнити-маркетинг в индустрии спорта (на примере бегового движения)

Nowadays, sport is an independent industry that has its own principles of functioning, characterized by the specifics of the stages of development, therefore, the isolation of sports marketing as a set of measures to promote individual sports, sports events, and brands through the field of sports is quite understandable. The decrease in the effectiveness of traditional approaches in marketing creates a need to find new tools for promoting sports products. Approaches to understanding the sports industry and sports marketing are analyzed, the author’s interpretation of these terms is given. The intensive consolidation of competition in the sports market actualizes the role of marketing activations implemented by its subjects. The direction of community marketing in the field of sports attracts attention. It was revealed that communities are a platform where members can make new acquaintances among like-minded people. The current trends in community marketing in relation to various areas are considered, the goals and objectives of the direction are disclosed, the conditions necessary for the existence of brand communities are considered. The relevance of the study is ensured by considering the practice of companies in the field of community marketing in promoting sports brands. The most striking cases of the Adidas brand in the use of community marketing are analyzed. The purpose of the study is to clarify the content of community marketing in the promotion of sports brands.

Transnational Spatial Dimensions of Colombian–Canadian Relations in the Era of Capitalist Expansionism

ABSTRACTThe study of the history of the Western Hemisphere, as a spatial unit, has been for the most part disregarded. In North America, historians such as Lester Langley and Herbert Bolton tried to make holistic sense of the political, economic, and social development of such a broad region, but their scope was US-centric in nature. Moreover, these transnational spatial approaches to the analysis of Inter-American relations continue to be criticized by temporal-centered nation-state historians that find the approach broad and general. This article focuses on spatial dimensions of the history of Colombian–Canadian relations as a means to question the effectiveness of traditional approaches and argues that by focusing on the transnational spatial dimensions of history, the researcher is able to construct a more holistic analysis of the political, economic, and social dynamics of nation-building. This research shows that the spaces construed by the transnational interaction between foreign and domestic public and private interests reveal complex dynamics that contradict the traditional US-centric and state-centric arguments advanced by temporal historians of Colombian and Latin American history.

Involving users in the refinement of the competency-based achievement system: An innovative approach to competency-based assessment

Background: Competency-based assessment innovations are being implemented to address concerns about the effectiveness of traditional approaches to medical training and the assessment of competence.Aim: Integrating intended users’ perspectives during the piloting and refinement process of an innovation is necessary to ensure the innovation meets users’ needs. Failure to do so results in no opportunity for users to influence the innovation, nor for developers to assess why an innovation works or does not work in different contexts.Methods: A qualitative participatory action research approach was used. Sixteen first-year residents participated in three focus groups and two interviews during piloting. Verbatim transcripts were analyzed individually and then across all transcripts using a constant comparison approach.Results: The analysis revealed three key characteristics related to the impact on the residents’ acceptance of the innovation as being a worthwhile investment of time and effort: access to frequent, timely, and specific feedback from preceptors. Findings were used to refine the innovation further.Conclusion: This study highlights the necessary conditions for assessing the success of implementation of educational innovations. Reciprocal communication between users and developers is vital. This reflects the approaches recommended in the Ottawa Consensus Statement on research in assessment published in Medical Teacher in March 2011.

Responding to Welfare Privatization: New Tools for a New Age

Privatization of the operation of public benefit programs in the wake of welfare reform has diminished the effectiveness of traditional approaches to advocacy. A case study from New York City of how private contractors succeeded in reducing welfare roles while imposing punitive policies on poor families offers a glimpse of possible new advocacy tools. Requiring contract-monitoring bodies that involve community members and advocates could help facilitate transparent contracting processes and reshape social welfare programs to serve clients.

A fuzzy model for load-oriented manufacturing control

This paper presents an original approach to load-oriented manufacturing control for job-shop scheduling, based on fuzzy theory. The model allows to cope with the pitfalls encountered by traditional approaches to job-shop scheduling in the definition of system parameters. In fact, traditional approaches to job-shop scheduling assume that system parameters are deterministically known ex-ante; on the contrary, the parameters values actually observed in the job-shop are often different due to the impact of unforeseen dynamics. As a consequence, the effectiveness of traditional approaches is undermined. In this paper the authors focus on the “machine output in the planning horizon” parameter and present a model allowing to represent that parameter as a neuro-fuzzy variable, whereas traditional approach represent it as a deterministic value. The case study carried out in a real manufacturing system and reported at the end of the paper shows the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

Female Immigrant Workers and the Law: Limits and Opportunities

This paper explains the reasons that traditional United States labor and employment laws are incapable of effectively addressing the types of workplace problems confronting female immigrant workers. It critiques the protections supposedly offered by the free market, labor standards, antidiscrimination laws and collective bargaining. It argues that statutory exclusion, immigration issues, nonrecognition of injury, and cultural limitations thwart the effectiveness of traditional approaches. It then describes a variety of initiatives and approaches being taken at the domestic and international level that more effectively address these problems. These initiatives include the use of the Thirteenth Amendment and antitrafficking legislation, as well as submissions filed under the North American Agreement on Labor Cooperation and other international treaties. This paper will appear as a chapter in the forthcoming book, The Sex of Class: Women Transforming American Labor, edited by Dorothy Sue Cobble, and published by Cornell University Press.

Putting the I into It: Library User Education in Business Information Technology

Looks at the role of library user education in response to changing educational requirements in the context of Business Information Technology courses at Newcastle Business School. Assesses the effectiveness of traditional approaches to library user education and focuses on how approaches to library education have been modified to meet the particular needs of students. Concludes with an attempt to project experience gained into future course and library education development.

Partial Hospitalization: An Alternative to Inpatient Psychiatric Hospitalization

Partial hospitalization programs provide alternatives to traditional inpatient hospitalization. The initial optimism generated by the deveopment of partial hospital programs has been moderated by the realization that it is quite difficult to make changes in mental health care, even though the effectiveness of traditional approaches has not been demonstrated. Research findings about partial hospital programs have provided information that many persons formerly treated as inpatients can be treated in partial hospital programs, probably at an economic savings. Several conceptual models are briefly reviewed for providing direction and rationale to guide thinking, planning, and decision making regarding client care. Continual effort must be given to the development and expansion of useful models and sets of interventions for care directed not only at symptom reduction but toward facilitation of health induction. Partial hospitalization programs have the potential to provide the settings and services to meet this need. Changing times offer nurses new opportunities to consider alternatives for providing psychiatric care. It is a challenge which nurses are well prepared to accept. To ignore the current situation and the needs of clients, families, and communities for these services would be to lose an opportunity for nurses to share a significant role in providing services to psychiatric clients.

Educational Planning and "The System": Myth and Reality

Recent appraisals of the need to find alternatives to the structured school system both stimulate and perplex educational planners. On the one hand, the restrictive and costly effects of traditional approaches to education in the developing nations have been made increasingly apparent. On the other, the critics have left in their wake a serious paradox rather than a practical solution. The root of the failure to effect educational change in traditional systems does not lie largely in the inherently conservative nature of school systems. Systems have certain conservative tendencies, but they need not be a conservative force. The real cause of failure is the fixation on quantitative approaches to planning and the false hopes about manipulating educational system exteriors. This paper offers another perspective on assessing progress toward reform and suggests a number of steps basic to educational reform as key areas of concentration for planners.