Effectiveness Of Public Institutions Research Articles

The Church in the context of corruption: A case of the Church of Christ in Zimbabwe

Corruption has caused serious dysfunction in most of the public institutions in Zimbabwe. The effectiveness of public institutions on providing meaningful services today hinges upon the capacity of the Church and other social institutions to combat corruption. Regrettably, corruption has infected and affected both the Church and the secular institutions. This theoretical qualitative study explores the potential of the Church of Christ in Zimbabwe (COCZ) in curbing corruption in Zimbabwe. It employs a combination of the Christological kenosis and Ubuntu or Hunhu as its theoretical lenses. The article argues that the Church has great potential to tackle corruption. The potential of the COCZ manifests in its organisation and public engagement. The restorative nature of the COCZ Restoration Movement (RM) magnifies scripture, the gospel of Christ (Christological kenosis) as a tool of conviction and behaviour change in public spaces to combat corruption. These unique attributes of the COCZ provide the rationale for choosing it as a case study in this article. The data were collected through the engagement with literature largely from the Zimbabwean scholars on the subject and the COCZ documents. The findings were that the COCZ can only unlock its potential if it is committed to taking a self-introspection and reconfigure itself in order to take a robust anti-corruption stance.Contribution: The study poses questions about the potential of the Church’s voice, through the case of the COCZ, in the context of corruption in Zimbabwe. It pushes for the Church to reclaim its authentic status in order to root out corruption and have relevance in the Zimbabwean communities’ lived experiences. Religion has always claimed higher ground in ethical and moral issues, but there is scanty literature on the COCZ’s role in combating corruption in Zimbabwe. The study maintains that the Church has a consequential opportunity to either drive the agenda to end corruption or lose relevance due to perceived complicit attitudes towards the same.

МЕТОДЫ ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ ХОЗЯЙСТВУЮЩЕГО СУБЪЕКТА ОТ УГРОЗ ТЕНЕВОЙ ЭКОНОМИКИ

To prevent the shadow economy, it is necessary to choose systemic solutions that synthesize the strengthening of the tax legislative base, the fight against corruption, the progression of the legal complex, support for small and medium-sized businesses, and the achievement of transparency and effectiveness of public institutions. It is only with the combined efforts of the state, the business community and citizens that it is possible to minimize the shadow economy and achieve the desired degree of economic security both for the country and separately for business entities. It is also necessary to implement information campaigns about the dangers of the shadow economy and its negative consequences in order to increase awareness and strengthen the opinion of business entities about the importance of combating it.

ADAPTATION OF M. MOORE’S STRATEGIC TRIANGLE CONCEPT TO THE PRACTICE OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

The article is devoted to the study of the possibility of adapting the concept of strategic triangle of M. Moore in the practice of public administration. The authors analyse Moore’s basic principles and ideas regarding strategic management and consider the possibility of their application in the context of public administration. The article proves that the use of Moore’s concept allows to create an effective system of political decision-making capable of solving complex social problems taking into account a wide range of factors and involving a large number of stakeholders. The main advantages of this approach are its comprehensiveness, flexibility and focus on innovations that promote efficiency in the long term. The concept of M. Moore’s strategic triangle, which includes the elements of public good value, legitimacy and support, and operational capability, has been shown to be key to effective public administration and social change management. These three components are interrelated and together determine the government’s ability to achieve public goals. The partnership with the private sector in the concept under study emphasises the importance of involving the public in decision-making processes in public administration. Taking into account the opinions and needs of citizens can contribute to greater legitimacy of the decisions made and improve the quality of public service delivery, efficiency of public administration mechanisms and public policy in certain sectors. It is proved that the adaptation of M. Moore’s concept of strategic triangle in the practice of public administration will contribute to the construction of a democratic and open decision-making procedure, where any actor can participate in making important decisions and influence the development of their country. The use of the studied concept allows to provide the voice of civil society in the process of public administration, increasing the responsibility of the state to society and increasing the efficiency and effectiveness of public institutions.

Social Responsibility of Public Institutions

The article discloses the essence of social responsibility of public institutions, defines the basic principles and models of social responsibility, highlights the components of social responsibility of public institutions, including: responsibility in lawmaking; responsibility in providing jobs for the population; responsibility in the field of social development; responsibility in the field of political activity; responsibility in international activities. The content of social responsibility of public institutions is defined, which includes: definition of a clear role and place of a public institution in the structure of the state and society, its social significance; coordination of the activities of public institutions with the task of implementing the functions of the state and local government; understanding of the need to act in full accordance with the interests of the state and society and accepted social requirements and norms; take into account various factors of influence of the external environment on the activities of public institutions in order to ensure their social significance; striving for maximum subordination, a responsible approach to their activities. The social responsibility of public institutions has a significant impact on the level of corruption, human development and the fulfillment of international obligations. The effectiveness of public institutions, including in the aspect of implementing social programs, directly proportionally depends on the availability of a strategy that ensures the development of an approach to planning and implementation of appropriate measures that form their reputation. To increase the importance and importance of social responsibility public institutions need to develop a strategy for the development of social responsibility and the procedure for its implementation, which is based on a combination of certain levels, measures, directions and tools aimed at the development of social responsibility, the basis of which is the social orientation of public institutions. To implement the strategy of social responsibility of public institutions, it is expedient to use the mechanism of integrated management of social responsibility of public institutions, which is a system of interrelated management functions: planning, organization, motivation and control.

Internal Audit Operational Efficiency and Performance of Public Institutions in Rwanda: The Case of Ngoma District

This study aimed to investigate the impact of internal audit operational efficiency on the performance of public institutions in Rwanda, using a case study of Ngoma District. The study aimed to identify the main internal control activities, assess the role of internal audit operations in identifying and assessing risks, establish the effects of internal audit operations on ensuring compliance with laws, regulations, and internal policies, analyze the contributions of internal audit operations in detecting and deterring fraudulent activities, and find out the impact of an effective audit system on operational efficiency. The target population consisted of 120 staff working at the Ngoma District head office in Kigali, with 92 being a sample. Primary data was collected through structured questionnaires and secondary data from Ngoma District reports and online resources. The statistical analysis revealed several strong and highly significant correlations between internal audit operationalization processes and the performance of public institutions. There is a substantial positive correlation between the internal audit processes of File Verification, approval, and Authorization and the institution's ability to detect and assess risks. The study also demonstrates a significant correlation between computer system control measures in the internal audit process and an institution's ability to adhere to legal requirements, regulations, and internal policies. A strong and statistically significant correlation is found between the implementation of backup and file recovery procedures and the prevention of fraudulent activities, emphasizing the importance of data integrity and security in maintaining trustworthiness. Finally, the research reveals a robust and statistically significant association between staff monitoring and the operational efficiency of public institutions, underlining the critical role of accountability and supervision in streamlining processes and resource allocation. These findings emphasize the significance of comprehensive internal audit practices and controls in enhancing the performance, governance, and effectiveness of public institutions in Ngoma district. Keywords: Internal Audit, Operational Efficiency, Public Institutions, Rwanda

Status prawny dostawców usług cyfrowych w sferze cyberbezpieczeństwa

The article addresses the issue regarding the obligations of digital service providers performed in the area of cybersecurity. Because of their status as entities within the national cybersecurity system, they must respond to disruptions occurring in cyberspace. The measures taken by digital service providers to ensure the security of the information systems used to provide the digital service must lead to the minimisation of the risk of incidents i.e. phenomena that have or may have an adverse impact on cybersecurity. Economic and social development depends to a large extent on smoothly operating communication and information systems that ensure the provision of various types of services, including digital services. Disruptions in the functioning of these systems affect not only the stability of economic circulation but also the effectiveness of public institutions in performing their tasks. Given the above, the information obligations imposed on digital service providers regarding the requirement to report incidents or those related to taking measures to prevent or minimise their impact on a digital service are of major importance.

Uloga države u posebnim okolnostima

The role of state administration and its public institutions in certain circumstances represents one of the most significant issues in the last twenty years following the serious security crisis caused by terrorist attacks in New York on 11 September 2001. The accent of public administration reforms was on efficiency and effectiveness of public institutions. Reforms were divided into deregulation and liberalization of public services, territorial decentralization, and regionalization with the strengthening of local government institutions and reform of central government administration. After the security crisis in 2001, financial crisis in 2008 and health crisis in 2020, the role of state institutions and public authorities in governing the state was redefined. The leading motives of general liberalization of public services, deregulation, and various forms of decentralization of public institutions abounded due to the new doctrinal approach of governmental organization. New strengthening of public authorities and public institutions became the new mainstream in the organization and functioning of the state. This paper analyzes how the role of the state can be modified due to the dynamics of social, political, and economic changes in society. New governmental reforms are contrary to earlier political and administrative measures, which include the strengthening of public institutions and concentration of public authorities. The government takes on a regulatory function in many aspects of social, political, and economic life. This situation leads to a new organization of the state, where public authorities take on a significant part of the responsibility to regulate various aspects of economic and social activities. At the focus of this paper will be how the dynamics of specific circumstances in society can affect the developing processes of the state and their public institutions. Those processes have economic, social, and political dimensions. The economic dimension includes regulatory measures on the market which contributes to development of the framework for economic development. The social dimension includes measures of social policy focused on improving the social position of citizens according to the economic development of society. The political dimension includes various aspects of security policy, with various protective measures in the community, which depends on the type of treatment for security of citizens.

Approaches to Assessing Quality of Public Services: Domestic and Foreign Experience

Despite growing interest in this field of study, research on improving quality and efficiency of providing public and municipal services in the Russian Federation has not yet been established into a single theory. The paper reveals experience of foreign countries in providing state and municipal services to the population, as well as methods for assessing their quality. Foreign experience in developing a network of institutions — so-called supermarkets of public services — is very interesting and similar to the domestic practice. This is not new for our country, since multifunctional centers in Russia were created based on foreign organizations, but having eliminated the mistakes they had made and in accordance with the Russian culture. The author looked into the legal framework concerning the organizations in question and analyzed service quality standards. The concept of state and municipal services is defined in various official sources such as codes, federal laws, and standards. Public services are defined as activities of executive authorities, extra-budgetary funds and local governments within the limits of their functions and assigned powers. There are currently several approaches to assessing quality and effectiveness of public services: marketing (equating functions of state agencies in terms of providing services with those of the private sector of the economy), functional (assessing performance of all the functions of each participant), and process-like (where providing services is considered as a continuous process that can be constantly improved). The applied methods of assessing quality and effectiveness of public institutions are substantiated as relevant and leading to further improvement of these institutions.

Public E-Service on Polish Public Institutions’ Profiles in Social Media

Purpose: The article presents the results of research into the level of informational and promotional activity concerning electronic services provided by the largest regional public institutions in Poland on the three largest social networking sites. Worldwide trends in the development of public digital services require targeted and consistent information and promotion activities of public institutions, also with the use of social networking sites. The study covered the largest regional public institutions responsible for creating the capacity and development of sixteen voivodeships (provinces) in Poland. Design/Methodology/Approach The research methodology includes both quantitative and qualitative methods. The effectiveness of public institutions' activity on social networking sites were examined by means of statistical methods, while the triangulation method was used to analyze the published content. Findings: The existing literature on the subject has not studied the activity of public institutions in social media with reference to information and promotion activities of public electronic services. In many countries, researchers address challenges faced by the sector of e-services, their implementation level and the sector value. Practical Implications: Today, high dynamics and costs of implementation of public electronic services make it necessary for public institutions to provide these services actively and effectively. This is due to the specific scope of activity of public institutions and unlimited possibilities of public interaction between the institution and citizens. The rationale for the undertaken research results from the scale of activity of public institutions, which is confined to the list of services, provided to citizens. Originality/Value: Therefore, a thesis can be raised that generating interactions on social networking sites contributes to the improvement of the public institutions' image and enhances integration of local communities. This is particularly important in the era of building and developing the single market for digital services.

Efficiency in Internal Auditing: A Study of Turkish Public Administration

With the development of the modern state approach, rational use of public resources has become particularly important for public institutions. In this context, the terms efficient, economical, and productive are considered important instruments in the effectiveness of public institutions. One of the necessary elements in the effectiveness of public institutions is the presence of an effective system of internal audit. The effectiveness of internal auditing generally depends on the existence of elements such as independence and impartiality of internal audits. In this study, internal audit perceptions of public servants who have financial responsibility were measured. Furthermore, the impact levels of elements that are effective in internal auditing were analyzed using the “Structural Equation Model.” This model showed that the high level of perception of value added to internal auditing is the most important factor affecting effective internal audits.

Evaluating the economic value of a public service—the case of the Municipal Library of Prague

To allocate public resources efficiently, governments need accurate information about the performance and effectiveness of public institutions. This paper presents a new approach to valuing public services, using the example of the Municipal Library of Prague (MLP). The contingent valuation method was used with a focus on library users’ willingness to pay for individual library services. The result is an overview of the perceived value of the MLP's services and its return on public investment. The proposed methodology could be used for other public services, such as healthcare or education.

Corruption and Confidence in Public Institutions: Evidence from a Global Survey

Well-functioning institutions matter for economic development. In order to operate effectively, public institutions must also inspire confidence in those they serve. We use data from the Gallup World Poll, a unique and very large global household survey, to document a quantitatively large and statistically significant negative correlation between corruption and confidence in public institutions. This suggests an important indirect channel through which corruption can inhibit development: by eroding confidence in public institutions. This correlation is robust to the inclusion of a large set of controls for country and respondent-level characteristics. Moreover we show how it can plausibly be interpreted as reflecting at least in part a causal effect from corruption to confidence. Finally, we provide evidence that individuals with low confidence in institutions exhibit low levels of political participation, show increased tolerance for violent means to achieve political ends, and have a greater desire to “vote with their feet” through emigration. JEL classification: D73, O12, O17 Despite considerable debate over definitions, measurement, and methodology, it is widely-accepted among academics and policymakers that well-functioning public institutions play an important role in economic development. In turn, a key ingredient in the effectiveness of public institutions is the confidence that they inspire among those whom they serve. For example, households or firms who do not have confidence in the police or the courts are unlikely to avail themselves of their services, and may resort to other informal means of property protection or dispute resolution. Similarly, if individuals lack confidence in the honesty of the electoral process they are unlikely to vote, leading to low

Fuzzy decision trees as a decision-making framework in the public sector

Systematic approaches to making decisions in the public sector are becoming very common. Most often, these approaches concern expert decision models. The expansion of the idea of the development of e-participation and e-democracy was influenced by the development of technology. All stakeholders are supposed to participate in decision making, so this brings a new feature to the decision-making process, in which amateurs and non-specialists are participating decision making instead of experts. To be able to understand the needs and wishes of stakeholders, it is not enough to vote for alternatives - it is important to participate in solution-finding and to express opinions about the important elements of these matters. The solution presented in this paper concerns fuzzy decision-making framework. This framework combines the advantages of the introduction of the decision-making problem in a tree structure and the possibilities offered by the flexibility of the fuzzy approach. The possibilities of implementation of the framework in practice are introduced by case studies of investment projects appraisal in a community and assessment of efficiency and effectiveness of public institutions.