Effectiveness Of Program Research Articles

Exploring the Role of Lesson Planning on Prospective Teacher Professional Skills at the University of Narowal: A Qualitative Research Study

This qualitative research article investigates the impact of lesson planning on the professional skills of prospective teachers at the University of Narowal. Lesson planning is a critical component of effective teaching, and it usually influences the effectiveness of teacher training programs. The study employs qualitative research methods, including interviews and focus group discussions, to explore the perspectives and experiences of prospective teachers regarding the influence of lesson planning on their professional skill development. The study involves sixteen prospective teachers enrolled in teacher education programs in the 3rd and 8th semesters at the University of Narowal. As a sample of the study, these prospective teachers were selected by using a purposive sampling technique. The findings stated that lesson planning may play a key in teaching skill development and professional growth and make teaching and learning more effective during a planned class.

Effect of Psycho educational Program on Positive and Negative Symptoms among Schizophrenic Patients

Effect of Psycho educational Program on Positive and Negative Symptoms among Schizophrenic Patients

The Effectiveness of the Reality Counseling Program in Improving the Self-Esteem of Adolescents from Divorced Families

The Effectiveness of the Reality Counseling Program in Improving the Self-Esteem of Adolescents from Divorced Families

Rainfall and Temperature Influences on Childhood Diarrhea and the Effect Modification Role of Water and Sanitation Conditions: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

The latest report from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) highlighted the worsening impacts of climate change. Two climate factors—temperature and rainfall uncertainties—influence the risk of childhood diarrhea, which remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in low- and middle-income countries. They create a conducive environment for diarrhea-causing pathogens and overwhelm environmental prevention measures. This study aimed to produce comprehensive evidence on the association of temperature and rainfall variability with the risk of childhood diarrhea and the influence of water and sanitation conditions on those associations. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) approach. Records published in English from 2006 to 2023 were searched on 8 January 2024 via PubMed, EMBASE, ScienceDirect, Scopus, the Cochrane Library, and Google/Google Scholar using comprehensive search terms. We assessed studies for any risk of bias using the Navigation Guide and rated the quality of the evidence using the GRADE approach. The heterogeneity among estimates was assessed using I-squared statistics (I2). The findings of the analysis were presented with forest plots using an incidence rate ratio (IRR). A meta-analysis was conducted on effect modifiers (water supply and sanitation conditions) using a random effects model with a 95% confidence interval (CI). The statistical analyses were conducted using R 4.3.2 software and Review Manager 5.3. A total of 2017 records were identified through searches, and only the 36 articles that met the inclusion criteria were included. The analysis suggests a small positive association between increased temperature and the occurrence of under-five diarrhea, with the pooled IRR = 1.04; 95% CI [1.03, 1.05], at I2 = 56% and p-value < 0.01, and increased rainfall and U5 diarrhea, with IRR = 1.14; 95% CI [1.03, 1.27], at I2 = 86% and p-value < 0.01. The meta-analysis indicated a positive association between unimproved latrine facilities and drinking water sources with a rainfall-modified effect on U5 diarrhea, with IRR = 1.21; 95% CI [0.95, 1.53], at I2 = 62% and p-value = 0.03. We found that an increase in mean temperature and rainfall was associated with an increased risk of childhood diarrhea. Where there were unimproved latrine facilities and drinking water sources, the increase in mean rainfall or temperature would increase the incidence of childhood diarrhea. The results of this review help in assessing the effectiveness of current intervention programs, making changes as needed, or creating new initiatives to lower the prevalence of childhood diarrhea.

THE IMPACT OF HEALTH LITERACY AND HEALTH BELIEFS ON THE ATTITUDES TOWARDS CANCER SCREENING: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

Early detection of any cancer is crucial for effective treatment. Cancer screening programs are extensively implemented in numerous countries for this purpose. The acceptance of screening programs by young populations is important because their attendance at these programs can reduce the burden of cancer in the health system in the future. Therefore, investigating young people’s attitudes towards cancer screening can be useful to enhance the effectiveness of screening programs. This study aims to examine this phenomenon by analyzing the effects of health literacy level and health beliefs on cancer. The study has been designed in a cross-sectional type. 419 people between the ages of 18 and 30 have been included in the study. The results showed significant relations between health literacy, health beliefs, and attitudes towards cancer screening. Health literacy, perceived severity, perceived benefits, and perceived barriers explained 38% of the variance in attitudes toward cancer screening. This study contributes to the existing body of knowledge by providing information about the perceptions of the young population about cancer screening programs and their predictors.

Empowering parents of children with disabilities: assessing the impact of a child sexual abuse psychoeducation program in Türkiye

Child sexual abuse (CSA) is a pervasive problem that can have detrimental effects on the physical and mental health of children, as well as their families. Parents of children with disabilities (CWD) may face additional challenges in protecting their children from sexual abuse. This study aimed to examine the effects of a CSA psychoeducation program for parents of CWD. The program was designed to increase parental knowledge and attitudes towards CSA and prevention strategies, as well as to decrease parents’ anxiety regarding the topic. A total of 93 parents of CWD participated in the study, with 45 being randomly assigned to the experimental group and 48 to the control group. The findings suggest that the CSA psychoeducation program was effective in increasing parental knowledge and attitudes towards CSA prevention strategies. The experimental group scored significantly higher than the control group in all domains of the Child sexual abuse knowledge/attitude scale for parents. Additionally, the program was effective in reducing parents’ anxiety. This highlights the need for such programs to be implemented in schools and other community settings to increase parental awareness and prevent CSA.

Determining the Effects of a 12-Week Moderate Intensity Circuit Exercise Program on Body Composition and Physical Fitness among Overweight Women of Working Age

Objectives. The study aimed to examine the effects of a 12-week moderate-intensity circuit exercise program on body composition and physical fitness among overweight women of working age. Materials and methods. Twenty-nine overweight women of working age were divided into two groups: the control group (CG, n = 14) had a normal daily life, and the moderate intensity circuit exercise group (MICE, n = 15) underwent training that included 3 sessions of MICE (40–50 seconds followed by 60 seconds of rest for each exercise and 90 seconds of recovery between sessions at 64–76% of maximum heart rate). The training was conducted for 60 minutes per day, three days per week. Body composition and physical fitness were measured before (2 days prior) and after (2 days post) a 12-week training period. Results. After the 12-week training, the MICE showed a considerable improvement in a number of key health indicators, including body weight, BMI, fat mass, skeletal muscle mass, visceral adipose tissue, total energy expenditure, resting energy expenditure, waist circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio (-0.65%, -0.73%, -2.16%, 2.53%, -7.12%, 10.85%, 0.71%, -3.13%, and -2.67%, respectively, p < 0.05) when compared to the CG. Similarly, the MICE demonstrated a significantly larger improvement in the sit and reach test, the back extension test, the hand grip strength of the right hand, hand grip strength of the left hand, leg strength, the 60-second chair stand test (also known as sit-to-stand test), and the maximum oxygen consumption (18.98%, 16.53%, 10.69%, 7.68%, 9.97%, 26.25%, and 8.87%) compared to the CG (-4.10%, -1.19%, -0.26%, -1.53%, -1.44%, 0.24%, and -0.70%), respectively. Conclusions. Moderate-intensity circuit exercise has been found to have positive effects on improving body composition and physical fitness in overweight working women. Thus, the implementation of MICE with appropriate sessions, resting, duration, and training periods can achieve maximum benefit.

Informal Caregivers of People with Dementia in Germany: Psychosocial Characteristics and Unmet Needs.

Caregivers of people with dementia living at home (CPwDh) are likely to be affected by a range of health problems. However, CPwDh are often regarded as accompanying persons and receive less attention in research and care. Little is known about this population and their needs in Germany. However, better knowledge of CPwDH is needed to design effective interventions. The objective of this report is to describe the situation of CPwDh and highlight differences based on sex and living situation. This was a cross-sectional analysis of the psychosocial characteristics of participants in the GAIN trial, a cluster-randomized, controlled intervention trial investigating the effectiveness of a care management program. A total of n = 192 CPwDh were recruited in GP offices, memory clinics or through public campaigns in the German federal state of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. The inclusion criteria were an age of 18 years or above, being a CPwDh, written informed consent. In a comprehensive digital assessment, psychosocial variables, burden, and care needs were assessed. Partners, women, and people living in the same household represented the majority of caregivers, and their mean number of needs was 8.7. Overall, participants indicated a mild to moderate burden. There are differences in burden based on sex and living situation, with caregivers living with people with dementia showing less burden and different psychosocial demographics. There is a need for interventions to reduce caregivers' unmet needs in the CPwDh. Such interventions should consider differences in sex and living situation to better address individual caregiver needs.

Effects of combined aerobic, resistance and inspiratory training in patients with pulmonary hypertension: A systematic review

BACKGROUND Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a serious progressive disorder of the modern world, characterized by endothelial dysfunction and impaired vasoreactivity. Patients with PH usually present exercise intolerance from the very early stages and reduced exercise capacity. Exercise training has been shown to have beneficial effects in patients with cardiovascular comorbidities. However, data regarding the effects of combined exercise training programs in patients with PH still remains limited. AIM To investigate the effects of combined exercise training programs on exercise capacity and quality of life in patients with PH. METHODS Our search included all available randomized controlled trials (RCTs) regarding combined aerobic, resistance and inspiratory training programs in patients with PH in 4 databases (Pubmed, PEDro, Embase, CINAHL) from 2012 to 2022. Five RCTs were included in the final analysis. Functional capacity, assessed by peak VO2 or 6-min walking test (6MWT), as well as quality of life, assessed by the SF-36 questionnaire, were set as the primary outcomes in our study. RESULTS Peak VO2 was measured in 4 out of the 5 RCTs while 6MWT was measured in all RCTs. Both indices of functional capacity were significantly increased in patients with PH who underwent combined exercise training compared to the controls in all of the included RCTs (P < 0.05). Quality of life was measured in 4 out of 5 RCTs. Although patients improved their quality of life in each group, however, only 2 RCTs demonstrated further improvement in patients performing combined training compared to controls. CONCLUSION By this systematic review, we have demonstrated that combined aerobic, resistance and inspiratory exercise training is safe and has beneficial effects on aerobic capacity and quality of life in patients with PH. Such exercise training regimen may be part of the therapeutic strategy of the syndrome.

Effectiveness of a professional development program based on the instructional design framework for AI literacy in developing AI literacy skills among pre-service teachers

This study assessed AI literacy among a group of preservice-teachers, and investigated the effectiveness of a suggested professional development program based on the Instructional Design Framework for AI literacy in developing pre-service teachers AI literacy skills. A quasi experimental approach with post-test pretest design was used for data collection. Thirty-seven undergraduate students from Palestine Technical University Kadoorie and Hebron University participated in this study. An AI literacy scale was developed, validated, and used for data collection. The results showed that the professional development program was effective in developing the AI literacy skills among the participant preservice teachers. Gender and specialty area of the participants did not significantly affect preservice teachers AI literacy skills after participating in the professional development program. Given the research results, it is recommended that teachers should be supported to integrate AI in classroom activities. AI technological tools should be included in pre-service and in-service training programs. Further AI tools combined with other professional development strategies should be researched among teachers from different subjects to enable generalizing the finding of this research and increasing it is validity.

The role and effectiveness of non-formal training programmes for entrepreneurship in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic literature review

ABSTRACT Entrepreneurship is growing in popularity as a tool to combat the challenges of unemployment and economic development in sub-Saharan Africa. A host of training programme offerings have emerged to mitigate the challenges of starting and sustaining a business in this context. Non-formal trainings (educational activities outside formal places of learning such as universities or schools) can help entrepreneurs develop essential business skills. A systematic literature review demonstrates how non-formal training programmes for entrepreneurship are evaluated across sub-Saharan Africa. We searched SCOPUS and EBSCO databases with the following keywords and their synonyms: ‘training’, ‘entrepreneurship’ and ‘sub-Saharan Africa’. The final selection returned 49 articles that discuss non-formal training programmes in sub-Saharan Africa. Our results suggest significant variation in training types and their effectiveness. Beyond descriptive analytics, we show that a more nuanced understanding of the context-specific entrepreneurial environment needs to be considered when implementing and designing a programme and that this should be coupled with more rigorous effectiveness evaluations. We propose a deeper analysis of the role of human capital within the setting of local entrepreneurial ecosystems as well as the contextualization of training material and participant selection as a promising start to develop more effective training programmes for entrepreneurship.

Effects of the incredible years parenting program on children's interpersonal conflict: An integrative data analysis.

Behavioral parenting programs, such as Incredible Years (IY), reduce conduct problems in children. However, conduct problems encompass many different behaviors, and little is known about the effects of parenting programs on specific aspects of children's conduct problems, such as children's relationships with others. The aim of this study was to examine, for the first time, the effects of the IY parenting program on children's levels of conflict with their parents, siblings, and peers. We used individual participant-level data pooled across 12 randomized trials in Europe, comprising a total of 1,409 families: child aged 1-11 years (M = 5.53 years, SD = 1.56) and 61% male, 60% low-income families, and 30% from an ethnic minority. Multilevel models were used to explore the effects of IY on children's conflict with parents, siblings, and peers. The IY program reduced children's conflict with their parents (β = -.21), but there were no main effects of the program on conflict with siblings or peers. Moderation analyses showed that IY reduced conflict in sibling relationships for the 22% of families with the most severe sibling conflict at baseline. This suggests that high-quality behavioral parenting programs, such as IY, can effectively reduce children's conflict within the home (i.e., with parents and siblings), especially when initial levels of sibling conflict are high, but do not have broader benefits on children's interpersonal conflict outside of the home (i.e., with peers). (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Effect of Free Meal Program on the Learning Interest of ALS Learners

Effect of Free Meal Program on the Learning Interest of ALS Learners

Effectiveness of self-management programmes for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: a systematic review protocol

IntroductionChronic disease self-management (CDSM) is a vital component of congestive heart failure (CHF) programmes. Recent CHF guidelines have downgraded CDSM programmes citing a lack of gold-standard evidence. This protocol describes...

Impact of an educational intervention on patient safety culture among gynecology-obstetrics’ healthcare professionals

BackgroundIn recent years, patient safety has begun to receive particular attention and has become a priority all over the world. Patient Safety Culture (PSC) is widely recognized as a key tenet that must be improved in order to enhance patient safety and prevent adverse events. However, in gynecology and obstetrics, despite the criticality of the environment, few studies have focused on improving PSC in these units. This study aimed at assessing the effectiveness of an educational program to improve PSC among health professionals working in the obstetric unit of a Tunisian university hospital.MethodsWe conducted a quasi-experimental study in the obstetric unit of a university hospital in Sousse (Tunisia). All the obstetric unit’s professionals were invited to take part in the study (n = 95). The intervention consisted of an educational intervention with workshops and self-learning documents on patient safety and quality of care. The study instrument was the French validated version of the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture. Normality of the data was checked using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. The comparison of dimensions’ scores before and after the intervention was carried out by the chi2 test. The significance level was set at 0.05.ResultsIn total, 73 participants gave survey feedback in pre-test and 68 in post-test (response rates of 76.8% and 71.6, respectively). Eight dimensions improved significantly between pre- and post-tests. These dimensions were D2 “Frequency of adverse events reported” (from 30.1 to 65.6%, p < 0.001), D3 “Supervisor/Manager expectations and actions promoting patient safety” (from 38.0 to 76.8%, p < 0.001), D4 “Continuous improvement and organizational learning” (from 37.5 to 41.0%, p < 0.01), D5 “Teamwork within units” (from 58.2 to 79.7%, p < 0.01), D6 “Communication openness” (from 40.6 to 70.6%, p < 0.001), and D7 “Non-punitive response to error” (from 21.1 to 42.7%, p < 0.01), D9 “Management support for patient safety” (from 26.4 to 72.8%, p < 0.001), and D10 “Teamwork across units” (from 31.4 to 76.2%, p < 0.001).ConclusionsEducational intervention, including workshops and self-learning as pedagogical tools can improve PSC. The sustainability of the improvements made depends on the collaboration of all personnel to create and promote a culture of safety. Staff commitment at all levels remains the cornerstone of any continuous improvement in the area of patient safety.

Effects of SPEAK OUT! & LOUD Crowd on Functional Speech Measures in Parkinson's Disease.

This study investigated the effects of the SPEAK OUT! & LOUD Crowd therapy program on speaking rate, percent pause time, intelligibility, naturalness, and communicative participation in individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD). Six adults with PD completed 12 individual SPEAK OUT! sessions across four consecutive weeks followed by group-based LOUD Crowd sessions for five consecutive weeks. Most therapy sessions were conducted via telehealth, with two participants completing the SPEAK OUT! portion in person. Speech samples were recorded at six time points: three baseline time points prior to SPEAK OUT!, two post-SPEAK OUT! time points, and one post-LOUD Crowd time point. Acoustic measures of speaking rate and percent pause time and listener ratings of speech intelligibility and naturalness were obtained for each time point. Participant self-ratings of communicative participation were also collected at pre- and posttreatment time points. Results showed significant improvement in communicative participation scores at a group level following completion of the SPEAK OUT! & LOUD Crowd treatment program. Two participants showed a significant decrease in speaking rate and increase in percent pause time following treatment. Changes in intelligibility and naturalness were not statistically significant. These findings provide preliminary support for the effectiveness of the SPEAK OUT! & LOUD Crowd treatment program in improving communicative participation for people with mild-to-moderate hypokinetic dysarthria secondary to PD. This study is also the first to demonstrate positive effects of this treatment program for people receiving the therapy via telehealth.

Effectiveness of a Simulation-Based Education Program to Improve Novice Nurses' Clinical Judgment Skills

Effectiveness of a Simulation-Based Education Program to Improve Novice Nurses' Clinical Judgment Skills

Effects of Immersive Straight Catheterization Virtual Reality Simulation on Skills, Confidence, and Flow State in Nursing Students.

Core nursing procedures are essential for nursing students to master because of their high frequency in nursing practice. However, the experience of performing procedures in actual hospital settings decreased during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, necessitating the development of various contents to supplement procedural training. This study investigated the effects of a straight catheterization program utilizing an immersive virtual reality simulation on nursing students' procedural performance, self-confidence, and immersion. The study employed a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design with 29 participants in the experimental group and 25 in the control group. The experimental group received training through a computer-based immersive virtual reality program installed in a virtual reality hospital, with three weekly sessions over 3 weeks. The control group underwent straight catheterization using manikin models. The research findings validated that virtual reality-based straight catheterization education significantly improved students' procedural skills, self-confidence, and flow state. Therefore, limited practical training can be effectively supplemented by immersive virtual reality programs.

Two years outcome of an individualized oral health preventive program for preschool children with neurodevelopmental disorders.

Limited data exist on the effectiveness of oral health preventive programs in children with Neurodevelopmental Disorders (NDD). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an individualized preventive oral health program for preschool children with NDD at a rehabilitation center, over a two years period. In this study, 102 preschool children with NDD were assessed for caries (dmft), oral hygiene status (Green & Vermillion Index) and presence of developmental dental defects. An individualized preventive program was applied based on caries risk and children were followed for two years. Effectiveness of the program was assessed for caries and dental plaque change and explanatory individual factors were used in multivariate models. After two years prospective, dmft increased significantly from 1.1 (SD=2.7) to 2.04 (SD=3.6), while GVPI was reduced significantly from 1.8 (SD=0.9) to 1.4 (SD=0.9). Children in the moderate and high-risk groups missed significantly more follow-ups compared to the low caries risk group (p<.001) while older maternal age (OR=1.38, 95%CI=1.057-1.808) and consumption of more than three sugary snacks/day (OR=0.005, 95%CI=0-0.0794) were significantly correlated with dental caries. The individualized preventive program for preschool children with NDD was effective in improving oral hygiene but not dental caries status.

Effect of Digital Therapeutics on Range of Motion, Flexibility, Dynamic Balance, Satisfaction, and Adherence: A Randomized Controlled Trial

This study investigated the effect of digital therapeutics on ROM, flexibility, dynamic balance, satisfaction, and adherence. A sample of 34 volunteers was randomly assigned into a Digital Therapeutic Group (DTG) (n = 17) and a Non-Digital Therapeutic Group (NDG) (n = 17). The groups performed four calf muscle stretches and two hamstring stretches for 4 weeks. Flexibility and balance were evaluated to assess the effectiveness of the exercise program. A survey was conducted to assess subjects’ satisfaction, and exercise performance record papers and video records were assessed for exercise adherence. The paired t-test was used to compare the two populations before and after the program. The independent t-test was used to compare the change scores between groups. In the pre- and post-comparison within each group, the DTG group showed significant differences in all items except the dorsiflexion range of motion (ROM) (p &lt; 0.05). The left straight leg raise (SLR) was significantly different (p &lt; 0.05), and there was a significant difference in exercise satisfaction and participation between the two groups (p &lt; 0.05). DTG showed improved flexibility, dynamic balance, and higher exercise satisfaction and adherence than NDG. The application, providing lower extremity stretching, can improve dorsiflexion ROM, flexibility of the lower extremity, dynamic balance, exercise satisfaction, and exercise adherence.