Effectiveness Of Parent Management Training Research Articles

The Effectiveness of Parental Management Training Based on Nahj Al-Balagha on Adolescent Identity Styles

Introduction: Adolescence is a very important period that can be difficult for the teenager and can cause challenges for the family. Raising and educating teenagers is very important for families. Acquiring identity is the most important aspect of every person's personality, so the methods of achieving identity are very important, and in the book of Nahj al-Balagheh, various methods for educating parents are suggested. Purpose: This research was conducted with the aim of the effectiveness of parent management training based on Nahj al-Balagheh on adolescent identity styles. Method: The studied population were all adolescent girls of Yazd city. The sample size was 30 people who were selected by cluster random sampling and divided into two experimental groups (15 people) and control (15 people). Data were obtained by Berzonsky's identity style questionnaire (1989), the experimental group was trained in 8 45-minute therapy sessions, while the control group did not receive any training. The data was analyzed using the statistical method of analysis of covariance. Findings: The results showed that parental management training based on Nahj al-Balagheh has an effect on adolescent identity styles. Also, education can have a direct impact on the type of identity of teenagers. Conclusion: The period of adolescence is called the period of crisis, and the parents of these adolescents can learn the necessary training to understand this period and how to deal with their adolescent's problems at the beginning or before the beginning of adolescence. Accordingly, they can use various treatment methods. and use different books. The use and extraction of educational tips using Nahj al-Balaghah can help these parents.

Comparative Effects of Parent Management Training Combined With ACT and Mindful Parenting on Parent-child Relationship

Comparative Effects of Parent Management Training Combined With ACT and Mindful Parenting on Parent-child Relationship

Pengaruh Parent Management Training terhadap Pengetahuan Ibu dalam Menghadapi Perilaku Tantrum pada Anak Usia Prasekolah

Tantrums are excessive emotional outbursts by a person when his desires are not fulfilled, especially in preschool children. This can happen because of the immediate environment and the parenting style. This study aims to figure out the effect of Parent Management Training (PMT) on increasing maternal knowledge of dealing with tantrums in preschool children. This study was conducted on parents aged 25–40 who had children aged 3-5 years. This is experimental research with a one-group pretest-posttest design. The training instruments used were the PMT module and worksheet. Meanwhile, the data were collected using tests, observations, interviews, and Focus Group Discussion (FGD) which refers to the tantrum behavior scale. The data was then analyzed using two related sample tests with Wilcoxon tests assisted by SPSS 22 software. The results showed that the value of Z was -2.803 with a significant test value (p) (Asymp. Sig. 2 tailed) of 0.00, which was less than 0.05 (p<0.05). Accordingly, the research hypothesis is accepted. Thus, PMT has a significant influence on reducing tantrum behavior in preschool children.

The Efficacy of Parent Management Training With or Without Involving the Child in the Treatment Among Children with Clinical Levels of Disruptive Behavior: A Meta-analysis

A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted where we evaluated the effects of Parent Management Training (PMT), Parent–Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) and PMT combined with child cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) using data from 25 RCTs on children with clinical levels of disruptive behavior (age range 2–13 years). Results showed that PMT (g = 0.64 [95% CI 0.42, 0.86]) and PCIT (g = 1.22 [95% CI 0.75, 1.69]) were more effective than waiting-list (WL) in reducing parent-rated disruptive behavior, and PMT also in improving parental skills (g = 0.83 [95% CI 0.67, 0.98]) and child social skills (g = 0.49 [95% CI 0.30, 0.68]). PCIT versus WL had larger effects in reducing disruptive behavior than PMT versus WL. In the few studies found, the addition of child CBT to PMT did not yield larger effects than PMT or WL. These results support offering PMT to children with clinical levels of disruptive behavior and highlight the additional benefits of PCIT for younger ages.

Parent Management Training Combined with Group-CBT Compared to Parent Management Training Only for Oppositional Defiant Disorder Symptoms: 2-Year Follow-Up of a Randomized Controlled Trial

Parent management training (PMT) is recommended treatment for children with oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and child-directed cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) is also recommended for school-aged children. The current study examined 2-year follow-up effects of parent management training (PMT) combined with the CBT based group intervention Coping Power Program (CPP) compared to PMT only. Results showed long-term effectiveness of both PMT and PMT combined with CPP in reduced disruptive behavior problems and harsh parenting strategies, and increased emotion regulation- and social communication skills. The earlier reported increase in emotion regulation- and social communication skills in the PMT with CPP condition during treatment remained stable while the PMT condition showed continued improvement during the follow-up period. To conclude, PMT with CPP did generally not provide significant benefits at the 2-year follow-up compared to PMT, apart from an improvement earlier in time regarding emotion regulation- and social communication skills.Trial registration number ISRCTN10834473, date of registration: 23/12/2015.

Comparison of the Effect of Parent Management Training and Play Therapy on Anxiety and Social Problems of Children with Oppositional Defiant Disorder

Comparison of the Effect of Parent Management Training and Play Therapy on Anxiety and Social Problems of Children with Oppositional Defiant Disorder

Effectiveness of Parent Management Training (PMT) on Reducing Bullying and Improving Cognitive Emotion Regulation in Students

Effectiveness of Parent Management Training (PMT) on Reducing Bullying and Improving Cognitive Emotion Regulation in Students

The Effect of Parent Management Training (PMT) on the Reduction of Behavioral Symptoms in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

The Effect of Parent Management Training (PMT) on the Reduction of Behavioral Symptoms in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Parenting intervention effects on reunification: A randomized trial of PMTO in foster care.

Evidence-supported parenting interventions (ESPIs) have expanded into child welfare because a growing research base has demonstrated positive results among children with serious emotional and behavioral problems. Despite a clear federal policy emphasis on reunification, few randomized trials have tested ESPIs with biological families of children in foster care; even fewer studies have investigated the distal outcomes of ESPIs. The aim of the current study was to examine the effects of Parent Management Training, Oregon (PMTO) model on reunification. Children in foster care with emotional and behavioral problems were randomized to in-home PMTO (n = 461) or services as usual (SAU) (n = 457). Cox regression models tested whether children in the PMTO group achieved higher rates of reunification. We applied life tables data for integrals calculations to estimate days saved in foster care. Analyses were conducted as intent-to-treat (ITT), and per protocol analysis (PPA). ITT results showed reunification rates were 6.9% higher for the PMTO group (62.7%) than the SAU group (55.8%) with 151 days saved per typical child. PPA indicated that intervention completion strengthened effects as PMTO completers' reunification rates (69.5%) were 13.7% higher than the SAU group (55.8%), and were 15.3% higher than non-completers (54.2%). Days saved were also greater for completers as compared to the SAU group (299 days) and non-completers (358 days). Overall, findings suggest that an in-home parenting intervention positively affected reunification as delivered to biological parents of children and youth in foster care with serious emotional and behavioral problems. Implications and future considerations for research are discussed.

Effect of Parent Management Training on Attention, Response Prevention, Impulsivity and Vigilance of Boys with Attention Deficient/Hyperactive Disorder

Background: Executive function of the brain consists of organizing, shifting attention, monitoring, self-regulating, inhibition and working memory, which are diversely affected in attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Parent management training (PMT) is a major intervention for ADHD with significant impact on clinical symptoms. However, little is known about its effect on cognitive aspects of ADHD. Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the effects of parent management training (PMT) on attention, response prevention, impulsivity, and vigilance of males with ADHD as well as their clinical symptoms. Methods: In this clinical trial, 32 subjects were recruited from a child and adolescent psychiatric clinic in Tabriz, Iran. Participants (all males) were divided to 2 groups. One group received routine clinical care plus 8 sessions of PMT and the other group only received routine clinical care as a control group. Clinical symptoms were evaluated by Conner’s rating scale and performance of children in terms of executive function was tested by the continuous performance test (CPT) and Go/ no Go test before and after the intervention. A follow-up measurement was performed at week 12. Using SPSS 17.0 statistics, chi-square and independent-sample t tests were used to compare sample means. A two-way repeated measures analysis of variance (time-treatment interaction) was also performed. Results: Parent management training had a higher effect on hyperactivity (P = 0.032) and oppositional (P = 0.007) symptoms of children. Commission errors (reflecting impulsivity and response prevention), omission errors (reflecting inattention), and reaction time (reflecting vigilance) in Go/no Go test were not significantly different between the 2 groups. Omission errors in CPT and the reaction time significantly improved in PMT and routine clinical care (RCC) group (P = 0.032). Conclusions: Parent management training may improve executive functions in children with ADHD in terms of reaction time and omission errors.

The Effectiveness of Parent Management Training Compared With Drug Therapy on Reducing Anxiety in Preschool Children

The Effectiveness of Parent Management Training Compared With Drug Therapy on Reducing Anxiety in Preschool Children

Randomized Study of PMTO in Foster Care

Objective: This study examined the effects of Parent Management Training, Oregon (PMTO) model on parenting effectiveness and caregiver functioning. Method: Children in foster care with emotional and behavioral problems were randomized to PMTO ( n = 461) or services as usual ( n = 457) in a nonblinded study design. Using an intent-to-treat approach, analysis of covariance models tested the intervention’s overall effect and time interactions for parenting and caregiver functioning. Additional analyses were conducted to identify significant predictors of outcomes. Results: PMTO did not significantly affect parenting practices; however, positive effects were observed on caregiver functioning in mental health (odds ratio [ OR] = 2.01), substance use ( OR = 1.67), social supports ( OR = 2.37), and readiness for reunification ( OR = 1.64). While no time interactions were detected, several child, parent, and case characteristics were associated with improvements in 6-month outcomes. Conclusion: This study extends evidence on PMTO to biological families of children in foster care, including those with older youth.

Treatment Fidelity during Therapist Initial Training is related to Subsequent Effectiveness of Parent Management Training\u2014Oregon Model

The present study examined the association between treatment fidelity during therapist initial training and subsequent treatment outcome of Parent Management Training - Oregon model (PMTO) in The Netherlands. Clinically referred children (N = 86) aged 4 to 11 years and their parents received PMTO and were assessed at four time points: at baseline, and after 6, 12, and 18 months. Difference scores between baseline and follow-up assessments of externalizing behavior problems, parenting practices, and parental psychopathology and parents' overall ratings of working alliance, were correlated with treatment fidelity scores measured prior to the intervention. Furthermore, differences in therapists' fidelity scores between treatment completers and drop-outs were examined. Results showed that higher fidelity scores of PMTO therapists during initial training were associated with larger improvements in externalizing behavior, parenting practices, and parental psychopathology, especially after 18 months. In addition, parents who completed the treatment had a significantly more adherent therapist than families who dropped out. However, the correlations between treatment fidelity and working alliance were non-significant. These findings indicate that therapists' high adherence to the PMTO treatment principles during initial training decreases the chance of treatment drop-out and positively affects the longterm effectiveness of PMTO.

Randomized Trial of PMTO in Foster Care: Six-Month Child Well-Being Outcomes

Objective: This study tested the effectiveness of Parent Management Training, Oregon (PMTO) model on child social–emotional well-being. Methods: Using a randomized controlled design and three measures of social–emotional well-being, the study investigated effectiveness of PMTO with families of children in foster care with serious emotional disturbance (SED). Participants included children (3–16 years) and parents who were randomly assigned to PMTO ( n = 461) or services as usual ( n = 457). Study condition was known to participants and assessors. Six months after baseline, analysis of covariance models examined the intervention’s overall effect and time interactions using intent-to-treat analysis. Follow-up analyses identified salient predictors of well-being. Results: PMTO demonstrated small but significant positive effects on three primary outcomes: social–emotional functioning (Cohen’s d = .31), problem behaviors (Cohen’s d = .09), and prosocial skills (Cohen’s d = .09). Conclusion: Results suggest that PMTO was effective at improving short-term social–emotional well-being in a high-risk population of children with SED.

The Effectiveness of Parent Management Training (PMT) on Anxiety and Depression in Parents of Children With ADHD

Background: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is one of the most common psychiatric problems in childhood and adolescence. Objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of parent management training (PMT) and a positive parenting program on children’s behavioral problems and parents’ anxiety and depression reduction. Patients and Methods: In this semi-experimental study, which was conducted in Zahedan 2011, 36 parents of ADHD children whose kids had been on medications from at least 8 weeks before the study participated. Data were collected by Conners questionnaires for parents and DASS questionnaires about anxiety and depression. We used paired t-tests, chi-square statistical procedures, and SPSS version 16 software for data analysis. The P < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: The mean Conners parents scale in the case group was (104.7 ± 11.04) before and (92.4 ± 8.72) after intervention. In the control group, it was (102.3 ± 22.38) before and (102.2 ± 19.94) after the intervention. The Conners scale changes in the case group before and after intervention was statistically significant (P-value = 0.0001) and in the control group there was no significant change in the Conners scale (P = 0.945). Conclusions: In general, this study showed that the parent behavioral management training could reduce ADHD symptoms in preschool children .One of the limitations of this study was the number of cases; therefore, a further survey with a larger group might be considered.

The Effectiveness of Parent Management Training\u2014Oregon Model in Clinically Referred Children with Externalizing Behavior Problems in The Netherlands

The present study examined the effectiveness of parent management training—Oregon model (PMTO) as a treatment for children with externalizing behavior problems in The Netherlands. Clinically referred children (N = 146) aged 4–11 years and their parents were partly randomized to either PMTO (n = 91) or Care As Usual (CAU; n = 55). Families were assessed at four time points: at pretreatment, and after 6, 12, and 18 months. Results showed that both PMTO and CAU were effective in reducing child externalizing behavior, parenting stress and parental psychopathology, with no significant differences between the two treatment conditions. PMTO and CAU interventions also produced some improvements in self-reported parenting skills, but not in observed parenting skills. According to the Reliable Change Index, 16.9 and 45.8 % of the children within the PMTO group showed full recovery or improvement in externalizing behavior, respectively, versus 9.7 and 42.8 % in the CAU condition. Finally, the effect size of PMTO on parent-reported externalizing behavior problems as found in the present study was comparable to that found in previous studies evaluating PMTO as an intervention for this type of child psychopathology.

Exploring mental distress among immigrant mothers participating in parent training

This study of ethnic minority mothers assessed the intervention effects of Parent Management Training — Oregon Model (PMTO) on maternal mental distress. Ninety-six mothers from Somalia and Pakistan and their 3-year-old to 9-year-old children were randomized with respect to enrollment in PMTO or a wait-list condition. Immigrants living in European countries report having significantly more mental distress than natives. Surprisingly, the results in this current study showed that there were low levels of mental distress at enrollment in PMTO among the sample. An analysis of covariance showed that PMTO was not effective in alleviating maternal mental distress in this sample. Ethnicity, family size and the child's age served as moderators on the relationship between enrollment in PMTO or the wait-list condition and maternal mental distress outcomes. None of the subgroup analyses were in favor of the intervention. The results emphasize the importance of research on parent training with immigrant families.

Effects of parent management training programs on disruptive behavior for children with a developmental disability: a meta-analysis.

This meta-analysis determined the effects of parent management training (PMT) on disruptive behaviors in children with a developmental disability. Parent management training programs, based on behavioral theories of psychology, are commonly used in addressing disruptive behavior in children. Eleven studies met inclusion criteria with a total of 540 participants, with 275 in experimental groups and 265 in control groups. The effect of PMT on the disruptive behavior in children with a developmental disability was significant (g=0.39). The moderator effects of type of PMT, delivery type and setting, and administrator level of education were also significant. The moderator effects of child age, and session number and duration were not significant in this meta-analysis.

Do Evidence-Based Interventions Work When Tested in the “Real World?” A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Parent Management Training for the Treatment of Child Disruptive Behavior

Evidence-based interventions are often unavailable in everyday clinical settings. This may partly reflect practitioners' assumptions that research evidence does not reflect "real-world" conditions. To examine this further, we systematically assessed the clinical effectiveness of parent management training (PMT) for the treatment of child disruptive behavior across different real-world practice contexts. We identified 28 relevant randomized controlled trials from a systematic search of electronic bibliographic databases and conducted a meta-analysis of child outcomes across trials. Planned subgroup analyses involved comparisons between studies grouped according to individual real-world practice criteria and total real-world practice criteria scores, reflecting the extent to which PMT was delivered by non-specialist therapists, to a clinic-referred population, in a routine setting, and as part of a routine service. Meta-analysis revealed a significant overall advantage for PMT compared with waitlist control conditions. Subgroup analyses did not demonstrate significant differences in effect size estimates according to the total number of real-world practice criteria met by studies. Moreover, no consistent relationships were found between specific practice criteria and effect size estimates. In conclusion, PMT appears to be an effective treatment for children with disruptive behavior problems. There was no clear evidence that conducting PMT in real-world practice contexts is a deterrent to achieving effective child behavior outcomes, although relative advantage to "usual care" was not directly examined and the power of the analysis was limited as a result of significant heterogeneity. More research is needed to investigate whether this finding is generalizable to other psychological interventions. Suggestions are also made for developing more differentiated criteria to assist with evaluating the specific applicability of research evidence to different care providers.

An evaluation study of parent management training program in northern Thai

Objectives: To examine the effectiveness of parent management training in Northern Thai parents in both the short and long term and to evaluate parental and environmental factors which contribute and maintain the effectiveness of parenting skills. Methods: A total of 41 primary caregivers were enrolled. All of them had children between 2-15 years old to care for. Enrolled participants had to complete PPT (parent practice test), home situation questionnaire (HSQ) and the oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) part in Swanson, Nolan and Pelham short form (SNAP-IV) questionnaire and were interviewed with the researchers prior to the program, at week 8, week 24 and week 54. They had to join PMT group which was conducted for 3 hours each week for 7 consecutive weeks. Result: The means scores of PPT which measured parenting skills outcome had increased significantly from the baseline and still maintained up to one year while HSQ scores, HSQ troublesome situations and SNAP-IV scores which measured troublesome home situations and disruptive child behaviors, respectively had decreased significantly from baseline and also maintained up to one year. Gender of the children, family income, educational level of the caregivers, activity hours and staying hours showed correlation effects to PPT scores, HSQ scores, HSQ situations and SNAP-IV scores at least p-value <0.05. Overall, sixty- six percent of caregivers who had consistently and continually practiced PMT in correct techniques and appropriate manners had the most benefits while the rest had limited benefits. Conclusion: PMT showed the most immediate benefits and modest benefits in long term up to one year in caregivers who had continually practiced PMT techniques with the correct techniques and appropriate manners. PMT had limited outcomes in families which had depressive primary caregivers, inconsistent parenting style, mal-practicing caregivers, low income, low parent-child activity hours, low parent-child staying hours and low parental education. In terms of child factors, PMT had limited effects in untreated ADHD, adolescent conduct disorder and Pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified (PDD NOS) children. ASEAN Journal of Psychiatry, Vol. 13 (1): January ‐ June 2012: XX XX.