Effectiveness Of Occupational Therapy Interventions Research Articles

1. Daily life in patients with hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis: a qualitative study

Topic: Patient Reported Outcomes/Quality of Life Background: Variant transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTRv) is a rare genetic disease that affects patients’ quality of life by affecting various organs and tissues. Despite a wealth of research on medical and psychosocial interventions, the impact of occupational therapy on patients with ATTRv is not well understood. This research focuses on the assessment of activities of daily living and occupations as a fundamental tool in the management of patients after diagnosis. Objective: The aim of this study was to develop an occupational therapy programme for the improvement of daily functioning and quality of life in patients with ATTRv. Methods: After an initial semi-structured interview, fourteen patients with ATTRv were enrolled in the study. The occupational therapist worked with the patient to develop short- and medium-term occupational goals, based on the Model of Human Occupation. During the six-month intervention period, weekly or ten-day sessions were held to monitor and adjust the guidelines. Outcomes were measured using scores for activities of daily living and psychological well-being. Results: The results showed that twelve patients stayed the same in their activities of daily living, two got worse and eight improved their psychological scores and the occupational situation. The study highlights the importance of early intervention and further research into the effectiveness of occupational therapy interventions for patients with ATTRv. It also notes that patients who received occupational therapy intervention reported that 6 months was not enough and emphasizes the fundamental role of the therapist in providing motivation, facilitating meaningful activities, improving daily living and routines.

Effectiveness of occupational therapy intervention in overcoming cognitive deficits to enhance quality of life in subjects with gliomas.

Background: Quality of life plays an important role that telling us the success of treatment of patients with brain tumors with all survival and live free from the disease. It is seen that the quality of life was less in patients with meningioma and neuromas. Cognitive decline may be the indicator of the progression of the disease and Quality of life is one of the parameters that characterize the success of brain tumor treatments, along with overall survival and a disease-free life. Objectives: This study assesses the effectiveness of occupational therapy intervention in overcoming cognitive deficits to enhance quality of life in subjects with gliomas. Study Design: This study was a Quasi experimental pre-post study. Methods: Qualitative studies were included based on the objectives of the current review inclusion and exclusion criteria were prepared and based on that various database were used in selection of the study. Results: The review study included 250 potentially relevant articles out of which 200 studies were excluded as duplicate, 25 studies were excluded as they didn’t meet inclusion and exclusion criteria, 15 articles didn’t mention the intervention and 10 studies were included for review. Conclusion: studies showed that there are many interventions related to cognition and its improvement but there are no specific studies on gliomas so that’s why there is a need to do further research.

Occupational Therapy Interventions to Improve the Quality of Life of Older Adults with Dementia Living in Nursing Homes: A Systematic Review.

The increase in older adults with dementia presents challenges in promoting research to improve the quality of life of this population. The objective of this study was to assess the scientific evidence on the effectiveness of occupational therapy interventions in improving the quality of life of older adults over 65 years old with dementia living in nursing homes. The databases used were PubMed, Web of Science, OTSeeker, clinicaltrials.gov, Dialnet, Scopus, Cochrane, and SciELO between 2013 and 2023. The studies were selected and evaluated according to the Cochrane guidelines. The review was carried out following the PRISMA 2020 Statement. Sixteen articles met the inclusion criteria and were categorized into four groups according to the focus of the intervention: "meaningful activities/occupations", "physical, cognitive and sensory functioning", "performance areas", and "physical and social environment and staff training". The strength of evidence was moderate, and the risk of bias was low. The findings revealed that occupational therapy interventions based on participation in recreational activities, reminiscence, performance-based activities and the physical and social environment, and specialized staff training, could improve the perceived quality of life of older adults with dementia living in nursing homes.

Occupational therapy interventions for Autism Spectrum Disorders - a Rapid Review

Introduction: This rapid review aimed to synthesise evidence for occupational therapy intervention in the management of autism spectrum disorders. The review forms part of a series of rapid reviews commissioned by the Occupational Therapy Association of South Africa to help inform decision making as South Africa prepares for a new health system.
 Method: Level I and II research studies published from 2017 - 2022 were considered for inclusion. Electronic database searches were conducted on the Cochrane database. The identified records were screened in Rayyan according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Quality assessment of the selected articles was done with the CASP appraisal tool. Data were extracted to a custom Microsoft Excel® worksheet and analysed quantitatively by percentage/frequency and qualitatively by thematic analysis of statements.
 Results: Thirty-eight records were selected. These included 30 systematic reviews and eight randomised controlled trials. Twelve intervention domains across four age groups were identified with sensory integration and social skills interventions most frequently examined. Interventions were delivered across various venues, including mediation and technology (e.g., telehealth interventions). A number of different outcome measures were used.
 Conclusion: There is evidence to support the effectiveness of occupational therapy interventions for autism spectrum disorder across the lifespan for twelve different domains.
 Implications for practice
 
 Occupational Therapists are involved in the provision of therapy intervention across all age groups for people with ASD.
 Intervention can successfully take place in a clinic setting, but also at home or through means of technology.
 There is growing evidence for sensory integration therapy or techniques when considering functional outcomes when treating people with ASD.
 There is a lack of Level I and II research in the form of randomised control trials and systematic reviews regarding ASD intervention in sub-Saharan Africa.
 

Occupational therapy intervention for people with movement disorders and cognitive impairment

The article deals with the use of occupational therapy intervention for people with movement disorders and cognitive impairment. The relevance of the research lies in the fact that for many people with movement disorders and cognitive impairment, self-care and limited household activity are difficult even in the conditions of their own home, and it is extremely difficult to visit various institutions for domestic purposes. Therefore, the aim of the study was to substantiate the effectiveness of occupational therapy intervention to avoid pathological and pre-pathological changes in people with movement disorders and cognitive impairment. The research methods used were the analysis of literary sources, occupational therapy observation, questionnaires and conversations with people with movement disorders and cognitive impairment. The sequence of actions of ergotherapeutic intervention in the correction or compensation of movement disorders and cognitive insufficiency of the patient is determined. Recommendations are provided for an ergotherapeutic program, regarding the use of means of rehabilitation for people with movement disorders and cognitive impairment, which includes: treatment of position, joint play, restoration of balance and gait, cardio training, physical exercises, research of individual cognitive functions such as memory, attention, spatial perception etc. The importance of using special technical devices for people with severe diseases of the upper limbs and leg joints who cannot perform self-care is shown. The goal of occupational therapy intervention for cognitive impairment is outlined, which includes achieving maximum self-sufficiency and independence of a person in everyday activities (in the home, work and social environment). The use of occupational therapy intervention in practical activities will help to avoid pathological and pre-pathological changes in people with movement disorders and cognitive impairment and will speed up recovery.

Effectiveness of occupational therapy interventions on function and satisfaction with occupational performance among adults with conditions of the hand, wrist, and forearm: a protocol for a systematic review.

Functional hand use post injury is important in enabling a person's engagement in daily living tasks. Without proper treatment, there may be difficulties in self-care, engaging in job roles, or leisure pursuits. Occupational therapists are key health care practitioners for people with upper limb conditions. This systematic review aims to appraise and summarise current evidence regarding effectiveness of occupational therapy interventions among adults with conditions of the hand, wrist, and forearm. A systematic review of randomised control trials and quasi randomised controlled trials will be completed. MEDLINE OVID, CINAHL, CENTRAL, COCHRANE, PUBMED and EMBASE databases will be systematically searched. Grey literature will be searched for via Google Scholar. Studies will be included if they include provision of occupational therapy to adults with a hand, wrist, or forearm condition when compared to treatment as usual or an alternative treatment option. The primary outcome will be function. Secondary outcomes will include satisfaction with occupational performance, quality of life, pain experience, and participation. The Brief International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) Core Set for Hand Conditions will be used to categorise outcomes. The Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 (RoB 2) tool and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluations (GRADE) framework will be utilised to assess quality. A pooled meta- analysis will be completed using RevMan, depending on the uniformity and availability of data. This review aims to synthesise high quality evidence to identify the effectiveness of occupational therapy interventions with patients with a hand, wrist, or forearm condition, categorising outcomes in relation to the ICF Core Set for Hand Conditions. By synthesising the evidence there is potential for improved evidence base for clinicians; improved outcomes for patients; as well as potential economic benefit.This study is registered with PROSPERO: CRD42022337070.

An international study of diversity in occupational therapy research- A bibliographic review of English research literature.

The cornerstone of a strong profession is the research that supports its knowledge base and practice. However, little is known about the range of international occupational therapy research. To explore the range and diversity of the international occupational therapy research from published peer reviewed literature in English during the year 2018. Limited to 2018, a review was conducted of sources from i) health-related search engines using search terms associated with occupational therapy practice, and ii) content pages of occupational therapy publications. Articles were excluded if they i) had no occupational therapy author, ii) were not peer reviewed, iii) not in English, and iv) did not include primary data collection (e.g., opinion pieces, position statements, study protocols). Of articles selected for analysis, data were extracted and synthesized according to the study's origin country, publishing research journal, the characteristics of the represented research, and its alignment with World Federation of Occupational Therapists research priorities. A total of 4,169 articles were retrieved from the search (i.e., 3,459 from health-related search engines and 710 through a manual search of occupational therapy journals). After exclusions, 2,345 articles were included for analysis. The review identified English published research was predominantly conducted in economically privileged countries. In addition, it revealed several research priorities that need further development such as evaluating the effectiveness of occupational therapy interventions.

Effectiveness of occupational therapy-led computer-aided interventions on function among adults with conditions of the hand, wrist, and forearm: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis.

Upper extremity injuries are common, and often treated by occupational therapists. The need to evaluate the effectiveness of occupational therapy interventions to guide practice is pertinent. This systematic review and meta-analysis investigate the effectiveness of occupational therapy-led computer-aided interventions among adults with conditions of the hand, wrist, and forearm. A systematic literature search of five databases was undertaken for randomized studies examining occupational therapy-led computer-aided interventions for the treatment of hand, wrist, and forearm conditions. The primary outcome was function, with secondary outcomes of pain, grip and pinch strength. The quality of the included studies was independently assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias V2 tool. Meta-analyses were completed. Three randomized controlled trials were included with 176 participants. One study reported on app use on a tablet and two studies reported on computer gaming. Participants had a variety of hand and wrist diagnoses, treated both conservatively and operatively. There is limited evidence demonstrating that computer-based interventions are as effective as other occupational therapy-led interventions in improving function, pain, grip and pinch strength post-intervention, including small effect size following meta-analysis: grip strength (Fixed Effects Model, SMD 0.13, 95% CI 2.63; -2.36, I2 = 0%) and pinch strength (Fixed Effects Model, SMD -0.12, 95% CI 1.25; -1.50, I2 = 11%). Limited evidence was found to support the use of computer-aided interventions for adults with a hand, wrist or forearm injury. Further high-quality research is recommended inclusive of a broader range of technologies and a broader range of clinical and patient-reported outcome measures.

Effectiveness of occupational therapy interventions on function and occupational performance among adults with conditions of the hand, wrist, and forearm: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

This systematic review and meta-analysis examines the effectiveness of occupational therapy interventions for adults with conservatively managed conditions of the hand, wrist, and forearm. Searches were carried out in CINAHL, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, MEDLINE (OVID), EMBASE, and PubMed. Grey literature was searched for via Google Scholar. A systematic literature search was undertaken for randomised studies that examined occupational therapy interventions for treatment of hand, wrist, and forearm conditions. The primary outcome was function, with secondary outcomes of occupational performance, satisfaction with occupational performance, pain, and quality of life. Meta-analyses were completed, and GRADE was used to determine the certainty of evidence. Twelve studies with 1429 participants were identified. Interventions included combinations of occupation-based intervention, assistive device provision, education, orthosis provision, and exercise programmes for arthritis, carpal tunnel syndrome, and fracture and tendon injuries of the hand, wrist, and forearm. Occupational therapy resulted in an improvement of function (REM, SMD -0.27, 95% CI -0.00 to -0.53, I2 = 69%, low certainty evidence) (p = 0.05), occupational performance (REM, SMD 0.83, 95% CI 1.61-0.06, I2 = 91%, low certainty evidence) (p = 0.04), satisfaction with occupational performance (REM, SMD 0.74, 95% CI 1.42-0.05, I2 = 89%, low certainty evidence) (p = 0.03), and pain reduction (FEM, MD -1.35, 95% CI -0.84 to -1.86, I2 = 0%, moderate certainty evidence) (p < 0.00001). Further high-quality research is recommended to determine the effects of occupational therapy interventions on specific upper limb conditions, inclusive of a broader range of clinical and patient reported outcome measures.

Enhancing Quality of Life in Parkinson’s Disease: A Systematic Review of Occupational Therapy Interventions on Balance and Reaction Time

Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder affecting the elderly population and can lead to impaired balance, reaction time, and overall quality of life (QoL). Occupational therapy interventions have shown promise in managing the motor and non-motor symptoms of PD. This systematic review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of occupational therapy intervention on balance and reaction time to enhance the quality of life in patients with Parkinson's disease.&#x0D; Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted on various electronic databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, and ResearchGate. Studies published between 2010 and 2022 were included in the review. Inclusion criteria were set for age, clinical diagnosis of Parkinson's disease, MoCA score, and cooperation for participation. Studies that did not meet the inclusion criteria or reported other interventions were excluded. Data from selected studies were analyzed for relevance, appropriateness, clarity, and methodology.&#x0D; Results: Out of the initial 250 potentially relevant articles, 200 were identified as duplicates and removed. Another 25 studies did not meet the inclusion criteria, and 15 studies did not provide sufficient information on the interventions. Eventually, 10 studies were included in this systematic review. All the studies were qualitative in nature and were published between 2010 and 2023.&#x0D; Conclusion: Occupational therapy interventions have shown promising results in enhancing balance, reaction time, and quality of life in patients with Parkinson's disease. The review emphasizes the importance of goal-oriented occupational therapy programs to improve the overall well-being of patients with PD. Further research in this area is warranted to strengthen the evidence and guide clinical practice for better management of Parkinson's disease.

Comparing the impact of two occupational therapy interventions on academic learning outcomes for children with Human Immunodeficiency Virus

INTRODUCTION: The strong association between perinatal HIV infection and poor performance in academic learning is further challenged by various barriers to learning in the South African context of basic education. This study investigated the efficacy of a novel play-informed, caregiver-implemented, home-based intervention (PICIHBI) for improving academic learning in HIV-positive children METHODOLOGY: A single-blinded, randomised comparison group design was selected to compare PICHIBI with conventional one-on-one occupational therapy interventions. Children with HIV aged 5 to 8 years old on ART and their primary caregiver (N=23) were randomly allocated to an intervention group. The primary outcome of academic learning was measured using the Griffiths Mental Developmental Scales-Extended Revised and the short form Beery-Buktenica Visual Motor Integration test, 5th edition at baseline, mid (5 months) and post-intervention (after 10 months RESULTS: At baseline, the total sample (n=23) presented with below-average performance in all assessed academic learning outcomes. Between-group differences for all academic learning outcomes were not significant at mid or post-test assessment points. A statistically significant within-group change in visual motor integration was noted in the PICIHBI from baseline to mid-test (p=.019). In the conventional group, there were statistically significant changes in visual perception from baseline to mid (p=.001) and baseline to post-test (p=.009). The sub scale Performance in the conventional group improved significantly from baseline to mid-test (p=.027 CONCLUSION: While improvements were noted, children in both groups continued to present with academic learning concerns at post-test. These concerns motivate the need for continued monitoring and further investigation into the feasibility and effectiveness of occupational therapy interventions targeting the academic learning challenges of this population Implications for practice This paper adds to an emerging body of evidence aiming to demonstrate the effect of occupational therapy interventions on occupational outcomes for children with perinatal HIV infection. The paper presents a detailed overview of the conceptualisation of learning as an occupational outcome. The paper further presents consideration of the practical challenges linked to the implementation of, adherence to and sustainability of rehabilitation interventions in low to middle-income countries.

Occupational Therapy to Improve Productivity of the Elderly by Creating Photo Frames at Panti Werdha Batam

Aging is accompanied by physiological changes and an increased prevalence of acute and chronic diseases, leading to a decline in organ function and a reduced ability to adapt to environmental factors. Occupational therapy, encompassing activities related to personal care, recreation, and productivity, holds significance for individuals. This study aimed to identify the needs and analyze the situation of elderly residents at the Budi Sosial Foundation's Elderly Home. The four-stage methodology involved situational analysis, health assessments, and physical activity education sessions. The implementation phase included simulation and assistance, where participants were engaged in arranging popsicle sticks into frame shapes. Monitoring and evaluation were conducted to assess the effectiveness of the health assessments and physical activity education, with all 17 (100%) active elderly participants observed. The results demonstrate the potential benefits of occupational therapy in promoting physical activity and overall health among elderly individuals. These findings imply the importance of integrating occupational therapy interventions to enhance the well-being and functional abilities of the elderly population.&#x0D; Highlights:&#x0D; &#x0D; Occupational therapy: A beneficial intervention for elderly individuals' well-being and functional abilities.&#x0D; Physical activity promotion: Enhancing the overall health and adaptability of the aging population.&#x0D; Health assessment: Evaluating the effectiveness of occupational therapy interventions in elderly care.&#x0D; &#x0D; Keywords: aging, occupational therapy, physical activity, health assessment, elderly population

It’s time to measure the long-term effects of occupational therapy interventions

It’s time to measure the long-term effects of occupational therapy interventions

Occupational therapy in multiple sclerosis

Objectives This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (intervention). The objectives are as follows: Main objective To assess the benefits and harms of occupational therapy interventions for improving daily functioning, participation, and quality of life in people with multiple sclerosis. Secondary objectives To assess whether the effects of occupational therapy interventions differ according to the format of intervention delivery (individually versus group) and to the location of service delivery (outpatient, inpatient, or home‐based therapy).

A scoping review of occupational therapy scoping reviews – utilisation of the WFOT proposed international occupational therapy research priority

Introduction: This study aims to map existing occupational therapy scoping reviews to identify their characteristics and highlight research priorities to help occupational therapy researchers conduct further research in the eight prioritized research areas proposed by the WFOT Delphi study. Method: The review followed the scoping review guidelines from Arksey and O'Malley (2005). Six electronic databases (PubMed, ProQuest Central, Scopus, CINAHL and AHMED, and Web of Science) were used for the search. The inclusion criteria were set as follows: written in English; related to occupational therapy and scoping reviews. Results: A total of 189 articles were mapped to the WFOT research priorities: Effectiveness of occupational therapy interventions (n = 57); evidence-based practice and knowledge translation (n = 74); healthy aging (n = 26); participation in everyday life (n = 29); occupational therapy professional issues (n = 29); community development and population (n = 10); occupational therapy and chronic conditions (n = 41); technology and occupational therapy (n = 11); and some non-categorized studies. Conclusion: Our findings also support the WFOT study findings indicating the current research focus in evidence-based practice and knowledge transition.

Effects of Occupational Therapy Practice on Patient Outcomes after High Tibial Osteotomy: A Non-randomized Study in Japan

We examined the effectiveness of occupational therapy intervention combined with standard rehabilitation in patients undergoing high tibial osteotomy (HTO). Overall, 115 patients with HTO for knee osteoarthritis were examined. An intervention group (n = 50), who received occupational therapy and standard rehabilitation, was compared to a control group (n = 65), who underwent standard rehabilitation only (n = 65). Compared with the control group, the intervention group had significantly lower Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale depression and anxiety scores (both p < 0.05), with between-group differences showing large- and medium-effect sizes, respectively (d = 1.06 and 0.61). Results suggest occupational therapy with rehabilitation during hospitalization improves depression and anxiety rates in patients post-HTO.

Music and Dance Therapy; The Effectiveness of Occupational Therapy Intervention in Preventing Depression amongst Persons living with Alzheimer in Lagos Nigeria

AbstractBackgroundGlobally an estimate of 50 million people were living with Alzheimer in 2017. This number is predicted to reach 82 million in 2030 and 152 million in 2050.In older adults,Alzheimer and depression are associated with individual distress and with high societal cost of living especially in developing world.In the same vein depression is the leading cause of disability worldwide among the older adults;it co‐occurs and interacts with Alzheimer in many complex ways.In fact, depression has caused cognitive impairment, psychological and social dysfunctions which result to the increased in the risk of developing Alzheimer. Depression is very common in the early stages of Alzheimer and often lead to hospitalization.In Nigeria,Alzheimer is associated with terrible stigma on the client and affiliate stigma among the care givers leading to rejection based on the psychosis features and perceived myths of witchcraft which make people believe out of the ordinary as either mad or possessed by evil spirits. Hence there is dire need to psycho educate people of the evidence based practices on best ways in taking care of people with Alzheimer challenges.MethodDora‐care Behavioral foundation an NGO i founded is passionate about elderly care and their well being. 17 people were identified during Alzheimer awareness program. Intervention involved 16 sessions of music and dance (listening to and singing along) at one week interval, cognitive functions (memory, attention, judgment, perception, and decision making ability) were evaluated using cognitive function instruments before and after the intervention.ResultThe result indicated that 12 out of 17 clients showed significant improvement in attention, judgment, decision making ability and perception. However, there was no significant improvement in memory.ConclusionFindings show that music and dance therapies has significant improvement in treating Alzheimer and enhance self care.

Effectiveness of occupational therapy interventions on function and satisfaction with occupational performance among adults with conditions of the hand, wrist, and forearm: a protocol for a systematic review

Background: Functional hand use post injury is important in enabling a person’s engagement in daily living tasks. Without proper treatment, there may be difficulties in self-care, engaging in job roles, or leisure pursuits. Occupational therapists are key health care practitioners for people with upper limb conditions. This systematic review aims to appraise and summarise current evidence regarding effectiveness of occupational therapy interventions among adults with conditions of the hand, wrist, and forearm. Methods: A systematic review of randomised control trials and quasi randomised controlled trials will be completed. MEDLINE OVID, CINAHL, CENTRAL, COCHRANE, PUBMED and EMBASE databases will be systematically searched. Grey literature will be searched for via Google Scholar. Studies will be included if they include provision of occupational therapy to adults with a hand, wrist, or forearm condition when compared to treatment as usual or an alternative treatment option. The primary outcome will be function. Secondary outcomes will include satisfaction with occupational performance, quality of life, pain experience, and participation. The Brief International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) Core Set for Hand Conditions will be used to categorise outcomes. The Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 (RoB 2) tool and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluations (GRADE) framework will be utilised to assess quality. A pooled meta- analysis will be completed using RevMan, depending on the uniformity and availability of data. Results: This review aims to synthesise high quality evidence to identify the effectiveness of occupational therapy interventions with patients with a hand, wrist, or forearm condition, categorising outcomes in relation to the ICF Core Set for Hand Conditions. Conclusions: By synthesising the evidence there is potential for improved evidence base for clinicians; improved outcomes for patients; as well as potential economic benefit. This study is registered with PROSPERO: CRD42022337070.

Randomised controlled trials of occupational therapy interventions for adults with a mental health condition or dementia: A systematic review of study methods and outcome measurement

Introduction High-quality randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of interventions are essential for determining whether an intervention is effective. However, many RCTs that examine the effectiveness of occupational therapy interventions for adults with mental health conditions or dementia have methodological limitations that reduce confidence in their results. We aimed to systematically review the quality of methods and outcome measures used in RCTs of occupational therapy interventions for adults with a mental health condition or dementia. This will inform future research in this area and enable practitioners to appraise the evidence when selecting interventions. Method We searched peer-reviewed English language publications from 2000 to 2021 in MEDLINE, PsycINFO, ASSIA, CINAHL and e-thos, and hand-searched 12 journals. We included papers that met pre-specified inclusion criteria, appraised quality using a validated tool and extracted data. We conducted a narrative synthesis. Results Of thirty-three included papers, 26 reported full or pilot RCTs, two reported secondary analysis or secondary outcomes of included RCTs, three reported process evaluations and two reported economic evaluations. Methodological limitations were found in many studies and outcome measures varied in their psychometric quality. Conclusion High-quality RCTs of occupational therapy interventions are needed for adults with mental health conditions and dementia. Researchers should follow international guidelines for rigorously developing and evaluating interventions and reporting studies. Practitioners should critically apply RCT evidence when selecting occupational therapy interventions.

Effectiveness of Hospital-Based Interventions by Occupational Therapy Practitioners on Reducing Readmissions: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analyses.

Readmission to the hospital can lead to poorer patient outcomes and increased health care costs. The effect of occupational therapy interventions for adult hospitalized patients on readmission rates has not been previously evaluated. To systematically examine the published literature to determine the effects of occupational therapy interventions for adult hospitalized patients on readmission rates. Systematic search of five electronic databases was performed from database inception until May 2020, supplemented by citation and reference list searches. Study Selection and Data Collection: This review is reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and was registered prospectively; methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the Downs and Black checklist. Meta-analyses were conducted with clinically homogeneous data; the overall body of evidence was graded for quality. Meta-analysis of 7 studies with 16,718 participants provided low-quality evidence that 1-mo readmission rates were reduced when adult patients hospitalized for general medical and surgical care received additional occupational therapy interventions compared with standard care. Subgroup analysis of 4 studies provided moderate-quality evidence that interventions focusing on the transition from hospital to the community were effective in reducing 1-mo readmissions to hospitals compared with standard care. Occupational therapy interventions can be effective in reducing readmissions among some adult hospitalized patient populations, including those admitted for surgery or management of acute medical conditions, with stronger evidence to support transitional care interventions. What This Article Adds: Occupational therapy interventions can be effective in reducing readmissions among adult hospitalized patients. There is a continued need for occupational therapy practitioners to understand their value and contribution to reducing avoidable readmissions to hospitals.